The Role of Oxygen Radicals in Rat Acute Lung Injury Induced by Phorbol Myristate Acetate

We tried to clarify the role of oxygen radicals released from granulocytes stimulated byphorbol myristate acetate(PMA) in rat acute lung injury. It was found that DNA strand-breakdamage(DSBD) in peripheral white blood cells (WBC) was significantly increased 40 min after injec-tion of PMA. DSBD in lung tissue of rats treated with PMA was also markedly increased comparedwith the controls. The PMA-treated rats showed significantly higher lipid-peroxide (LPO) level inplasma and lung tissue hemogenate than the controls did. These results suggest that determination ofDSBD, a simple and sensitive indicator for oxygen radical damaging, might be useful in thediagnosis of adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), when it is used together with themeasurement of plasma LPO.

Sustained small and intermediate size proteins expression in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate/ionomycine prolonged stimulated human fibroblasts

Objective:To compare the protein profile of culture supernatants in stimulated and unstimulated human fibroblasts to find some proteins indicating the presence of fibroblasts and their activation status.Methods:Dermal fibroblasts were stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate(PMA)/ionomycine for 72 h.MTT assay was done to determine cell viability and A/E fluorescent staining was used to evaluate the cell death pattern.Protein analysis was performed by gradient SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis 8%–16%.Results:The supernatant of 24 h cultured both stimulated and unstimulated fibroblasts showed two bands in SDS-PAGE analysis with relative molecular weights of 8.59 and78.8 k Da.These bands density was decreased during the next 48 h in unstimulated cells while their expression was continued in PMA or PMA/ionomycine stimulated cells and a new 85.3 k Da band was appeared in unstimulated and 72 h PMA stimulated cells.Moreover,we found another seven small size(10–19.5 k Da) proteins in supernatants of48 h and 72 h unstimulated but not in PMA or PMA/Ionomycine stimulated fibroblasts.Most of these proteins expression were down regulated following fibroblast activation.This down-regulation is consistent with our finding that PMA or PMA/ionomycine stimulated cells exhibited a significant level of apoptosis cell death.Conclusions:Human fibroblasts produce some small to intermediate sized proteins with specific SDS-PAGE profile upon cell activation.Most of these proteins can be excreted in urine and can be immunogen theoretically so this data provided a reliable clue for fibrosis biomarker screening based on designation of an appropriated immunoassay.

Unraveling the therapeutic mechanisms of myristic acid and luteolin 7-rutinoside in oral cancer: insights from network pharmacology and molecular docking analysis

Background:The compound Luteolin-7-rutinoside(L7R)is a flavone derivative of luteolin,predominantly identified in plant species belonging to the families Asteraceae.Conversely,Myristic acid is characterized by its structure as a 14-carbon,unsaturated fatty acid.In this investigation,we endeavor to elucidate the putative mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of Myristic Acid and Luteolin 7-rutinoside in the context of oral cancer treatment,employing network pharmacology coupled with molecular docking methodologies.Methods:The protein targets of Myristic Acid and Luteolin 7-rutinoside were identified through a search on the Swiss Target Database.Subsequently,a compound-target network was constructed using Cytoscape 3.9.1.Targets associated with OC were retrieved from the OMIM and GeneCards databases.The overlap between compound targets and OC-related targets was determined,and the resulting shared targets were subjected to protein-protein interaction(PPI)network analysis using the STRING database.Additionally,gene ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)enrichment analyses were conducted on the identified targets.Molecular docking were performed to investigate the interactions between the core target and the active compound.Results:The component target network comprises 103 nodes and 102 edges.Among the proteins in the protein-protein interaction(PPI)network,those with higher degrees are TNF,PPARG,and TP53.Analysis through Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathways indicates that the treatment of OC with Myristic Acid and Luteolin 7-rutinoside primarily involves the regulation of miRNA transcription and inflammatory response.The identified signaling pathways include Pathways in cancer,PPAR signaling pathway,EGFR signaling pathway,and TNF signaling pathway.Molecular docking studies reveal that Luteolin 7-rutinoside and Myristic acid exhibit higher affinity towards TNF,PPARG,TP53,and EGFR.Conclusion:This study reveals the potential molecular mechanism of Myristic Acid and Luteolin 7-rutinoside in the treatment of oral cancer,and provides a reference for subsequent basic research.

Thermal Energy Storage Characteristics of Myristic and Stearic Acids Eutectic Mixture for Low Temperature Heating Applications

Stearic acid (67.83℃) and myristic acid (52.32℃) have high melting temperatures that can limit their use as phase change material (PCM) in low temperature solar heating applications such as solar space and greenhouse heating in regard to climatic requirements. However, their melting temperatures can be adjusted to a suitable value by preparing a eutectic mixture of the myristic acid (MA) and the stearic acid (SA). In the present study, the thermal analysis based on differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique shows that the mixture of myristic acid (MA) and stearic acid (SA) in the respective composition (by mass) of 64% and 36% forms a eutectic mixture having melting temperature of 44.13℃ and the latent heat of fusion of 182.4J·g-1. The thermal energy storage characteristics of the MA-SA eutectic mixture filled in the annulus of two concentric pipes were also experimentally established. The heat recovery rate and heat charging/discharging fractions were determined with respect to the change in the mass flow rate and the inlet temperature of heat transfer fluid. Based on the results obtained by DSC analysis and by the heat charg- ing/discharging processes of the PCM, it can be concluded that the MA-SA eutectic mixture is a potential material for low temperature thermal energy storage applications in terms of its thermo-physical and thermal characteristics.

Myristic Acid(MA) Promotes Adipogenic Gene Expression and the Differentiation of Porcine Intramuscular Adipocyte Precursor Cells

Intramuscular fat （IMF） content is considered to be a key factor that affects the marbling, tenderness, juiciness and lfavor of pork. To investigate the effects of myristic acid （MA） on the differentiation of porcine intramuscular adipocytes, cells were isolated from longissimus dorsi muscle （LDM） and treated with 0, 10, 50 or 100μmol L-1 MA. The results showed that MA signiifcantly promotes the differentiation of intramuscular adipocytes in a dose-dependent manner. MA also led to a parallel increase in the expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ（PPARγ） and adipose-related genes, such as glucose transporter 1 （GLUT1）, lipoprotein lipase （LPL）, adipocyte fatty acid binding protein 4 （FABP4/aP2）, fatty acid translocase （FAT）, acetyl-CoA carboxylaseα（ACCα）, adipose triglyceride lipase （ATGL） and fatty acid synthase （FASN）. However, no signiifcant effects of MA were observed on the expression of CAAT enhancer binding protein-α（C/EBPα） or hormone sensitive lipase （HSL）. The expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 （PDK4） was increased by MA during the early stages of differentiation （day 1-3）. In addition, MA also increased the absolute content of C14 （P〈0.001） and saturated fatty acids （SFA） （P〈0.05） to varying degrees, but no effects were observed on other fatty acids. These results suggest that MA might be able to enhance the IMF content of pork and increase the accumulation of myristic and myristoleic acid in muscle, which might have beneifcial implications for human health.

一步电沉积法制备铜表面稀土镧/石墨烯超疏水复合涂层及其耐腐蚀性能

海洋腐蚀的倾向性是制约铜基材料使用性能和安全性的一个重要因素。因此,提高铜表面耐腐蚀能力成为研究重点。采用一步快速电沉积工艺在铜基表面制备肉豆蔻酸镧/氧化石墨烯(LaM/GO)超疏水复合涂层,采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)、水接触角测量和电化学测试等手段对复合涂层的结构及性能进行了表征。结果表明:电沉积阴极表面产生了低表面能材料和花瓣状微纳粗糙结构,涂层表面静态水接触角为154°±3°,滚动角为5°±3°;电位动态极化曲线测量表明,超疏水复合涂层表面的腐蚀电位增加、腐蚀电流密度降低了2个数量级,缓蚀效率达99.34%,耐腐蚀性能得到显著提升;此外,所获得超疏水复合涂层表面显示出优异的防污性能和机械稳定性。

锡铋合金/肉豆蔻酸制备具有金属外壳的储能木材

【目的】利用锡铋合金对肉豆蔻酸浸渍材进行热处理,在热的驱动下将锡铋合金引入木材内部,以解决木基相变储能材料面临的液体泄漏和导热性差问题。【方法】以浸渍了肉蔻豆酸的杨木为基材,通过高低温交替热处理将锡铋合金与基材结合,制备具有金属外壳的储能木材。利用扫描电镜、邵氏硬度计、万能力学试验机、导热系数仪、差式扫描量热仪对储能木材的微观形貌、端面硬度、顺纹抗压强度和热性能进行测试。【结果】在160~220℃热处理1~5 min下试样质量增长效果显著,力学性能与热性能随着热处理温度的上升与时间的延长而提升,顺纹抗压强度和端面硬度相较于未处理材分别提升了120.02%~149.59%、13.53%~46.93%,轴向、径向导热率分别提升了34.18%~165.67%、38.11%~80.70%。在190℃热处理5 min条件下锡铋合金的填充效果最佳,端面硬度、轴向、径向导热率达到最高值62.65 HD、0.5324和0.2987 W/(m·K)。木材内部肉豆蔻酸的留存率介于27.54%~63.68%之间,经过160℃热处理3 min后储能密度最高(59.38 J/cm3)。【结论】高低温交替热处理促使锡铋合金进入到木材的导管内,实现了不同程度的渗透。木材的三维孔隙结构与外层填充的锡铋合金解决了相变材料的液体泄漏及导热性差问题。制备的储能木材综合了木材、金属与相变材料的优势,具有更优异的端面硬度、顺纹抗压强度与热性能,有望应用于建筑墙体和储能地板等领域。

细胞因子释放综合征的体外试验探索性研究

目的建立细胞因子释放综合征(CRS)的体外评价方法,对试验体系细胞密度、阳性药种类及浓度进行探索。方法分别用CD3抗体(OKT3)(0.1~5μg)、OKT3(0.1~1μg)+CD28抗体(anti-CD28)(1、2μg·mL^(-1))、佛波酯(PMA)(10~100 ng·mL^(-1))、PMA(10~100 ng·mL^(-1))+离子霉素(ION)(1、5μg·mL^(-1))刺激外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)48 h,用CCK-8法检测细胞增殖情况来筛选PBMC的最佳密度及药物的最佳浓度。实验分为7组:对照组、OKT30.1μg+anti-CD281μg·mL^(-1)组、OKT30.5μg+anti-CD281μg·mL^(-1)组、OKT31μg+anti-CD281μg·mL^(-1)组、PMA 10 ng·mL^(-1)+ION 1μg·mL^(-1)组、PMA 25 ng·mL^(-1)+ION 1μg·mL^(-1)组、PMA 50 ng·mL^(-1)+ION 1μg·mL^(-1)组,分别与PBMC细胞暴露48 h,收集细胞上清,通过酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测药物作用下PBMC释放细胞因子白介素-6(IL-6)、干扰素γ(IFN-γ)情况。结果与对照组相比,OKT3和PMA均引起中密度、高密度PBMC显著增殖,各剂量OKT3和PMA均引起细胞增殖。与阳性药单独使用相比,药物联合使用产生更强的细胞活化效应。与对照组相比,在OKT3(0.1~1μg)+anti-CD28(1μg·mL^(-1))作用下,PBMC释放IL-6、IFN-γ显著增加;在PMA(10~50 ng·mL^(-1))+ION(1μg·mL^(-1))作用下,PBMC分泌IFN-γ与对照组相比显著增加,在PMA(25~50 ng·mL^(-1))+ION(1μg·mL^(-1))作用下,PBMC分泌IL-6与对照组相比显著增加。结论确定了PBMC体外CRS风险评价方法的细胞密度、阳性药物种类及浓度、药物联合使用浓度。

Oil-in-water nanoemulsions loaded with lycopene extracts encapsulated by spray drying:Formulation,characterization and optimization

Lycopene is very susceptible to degradation once released from the protective chromoplast environment.In this study,oil-in-water(O/W)nanoemulsions coupled with spray drying technology were applied for the encapsulation and stabilization of lycopene extracted from tomato waste.Tomato extract was obtained by ultrasound-assisted extraction.Nanoemulsions were prepared by a high-speed rotor stator using isopropyl myristate as the oil phase and Pluronic F-127 as the emulsifier for the aqueous external phase.The effect of emulsification process parameters was investigated.Spray drying of the produced emulsions was attempted to obtain a stabilized dry powder after the addition of a coating agent.The effect of different coating agents(maltodextrin,inulin,gum arabic,pectin,whey and polyvinylpyrrolidone),drying temperature(120-170℃),and feed flow rate(3-9 ml·min^(-1))on the obtained particles was evaluated.Results revealed that the emulsion formulation of 20/80(O/W)with 1.5%(mass fraction)of Pluronic F-127 as stabilizer in the aqueous phase resulted in a stable nanoemulsion with droplet sizes in the range of 259-276 nm with a unimodal and sharp size distribution.The extract in the nanoemulsion was well protected at room temperature with a degradation rate of lycopene of about 50%during a month of storage time.The most stable emulsions were then processed by spray drying to obtain a dry powder.Spray drying was particularly successful when using maltodextrin as a coating agent,obtaining dried spherical particles with mean diameters of(4.87±0.17)μm with a smooth surface.The possibility of dissolving the spray dried powder in order to repristinate.The original emulsion was also successfully verified.

High-brightness green InP-based QLEDs enabled by in-situ passivating core surface with zinc myristate

The performance of red InP and blue ZnTeSe-based quantum dots(QDs)and corresponding QD light emitting diodes(QLEDs)has already been improved significantly,whose external quantum efficiencies(EQEs)and luminances have exceeded 20%and 80000 cd m-2,respectively.However,the inferior performance of the green InP-based device hinders the commercialization of full-color Cd-free QLED technology.The ease of oxidation of the highly reactive InP cores leads to high non-radiative recombination and poor photoluminescence quantum yield(PL QY)of the InP-based core/shell QDs,limiting the performance of the relevant QLEDs.Here,we proposed a fluoride-free synthesis strategy to in-situ passivate the InP cores,in which zinc myristate reacted with phosphine dangling bonds to form Zn–P protective layer and protect InP cores from the water and oxygen in the environment.The resultant InP/ZnSe/ZnS core/shell QDs demonstrated a high PL QY of 91%.The corresponding green-emitting electroluminescence devices exhibited a maximum EQE of 12.74%,along with a luminance of over 175000 cd m^(-2)and a long T50@100 cd m^(-2)lifetime of over 20000 h.

二元低共熔脂肪酸相变微胶囊的设计与工艺优化

单一脂肪酸的相变温度普遍较高且易泄漏,不能满足其作为相变材料对夏季建筑空调能耗调节的需求。本工作基于真实溶剂类导体屏蔽模型(conductor-like screening model for real solvents,COSMO-RS),采用COSMOthermX软件对7种中链脂肪酸和10种长链脂肪酸两两组合的136种二元低共熔脂肪酸进行设计计算,筛选预测其共熔温度与摩尔比。进而将最优组合作为芯材,三聚氰胺-尿素-甲醛树脂(MUF)为壁材,通过原位聚合法制备相变微胶囊,系统地探讨不同工艺条件(芯壁比、反应温度、反应时间和反应转速等)对该微胶囊热物理性能的影响。结果表明:COSMO-RS模型可以直观地判断材料氢键供体(hydrogen bond donor,HBD)与受体(hydrogen bond acceptor,HBA)之间的关系,最优组合月桂酸(lauric acid,LA)与肉豆蔻酸(myristic acid,MA)摩尔比为0.66∶0.34的LA-MA(LM)理论共熔温度(33.25℃)与实验结果(33.1℃)相似度达98.08%;在芯壁比2∶1、反应时间3 h、反应温度80℃、搅拌转速200 r/min的条件下,MUF对芯材LM的包覆效率为61.37%,较好地解决了泄漏问题,对降低建筑空调制冷能耗具有潜在的应用价值。

MA/SBR/CNT定型复合相变材料的制备及其性能研究

以肉豆蔻酸(MA)为储能基元材料、丁苯橡胶(SBR)为储能载体、碳纳米管(CNT)为导热增强材料,通过熔融共混法制备了MA/SBR/CNT低温复合定型相变材料。采用SEM、FT-IR、XRD、DSC等测试表征手段对复合相变材料的微观结构、物化稳定性和热性能进行了分析。结果表明,SBR能很好地包裹MA,维持复合材料结构稳定且保证液相材料相变过程中不发生泄漏。CNT的加入可以有效地提高复合相变材料的热导率,当添加质量分数为7%的CNT时,复合相变材料热导率可达到0.4 W/(m·K),其导热性能大大提高;在该添加比例下,复合材料熔化、凝固相变温度分别为53.03℃、51.49℃,相变焓变分别为156.53 kJ/kg、152.35 kJ/kg。

佛波酯诱导THP-1单核细胞分化为巨噬细胞的条件与机制研究进展

人类白血病单核细胞系THP-1细胞,已被广泛运用于研究单核细胞/巨噬细胞的生物学功能、作用机制和巨噬细胞参与炎症性疾病及肿瘤微环境的模型中。然而,影响THP-1分化为巨噬细胞的因素较多,如佛波酯(PMA)浓度、戒断期长度、PMA刺激持续时间、细胞的基线状态、细胞密度以及环境氧张力等。优化PMA诱导THP-1的分化方案不仅可以助力于实验研究,还可减少实验室之间的结果差异性。本综述旨在总结PMA诱导THP-1单核细胞分化条件的影响因素、优化方案,探讨其作用机制,为单核细胞分化为巨噬细胞的研究提供参考。

异VC饱和脂肪酸酯在菜籽油中的抗氧化性能

将合成的异VC癸酸酯、月桂酸酯、豆蔻酸酯、棕榈酸酯、硬脂酸酯应用于新鲜菜籽油中进行强氧化试验,通过测定POV值,评价了它们的抗氧化性能。结果表明:不同异VC酯的抗氧化性能只与菜籽油中异VC的相对含量有关;异VC酯的抗氧化性能表现出明显的剂效关系;参照中国规定的最高允许浓度分别添加各种抗氧化剂,异VC豆蔻酸酯的抗氧化性能比VC豆蔻酸酯、PG和BHT更好。

十四烷酸异丙酯在疏水性化妆品微生物检验中的应用

参考《化妆品卫生规范》(2007年版)中疏水性化妆品供试液的制备方法,同时参考《中国药典》(2010年版)微生物限度检查项下非水溶性样品供试液的制备方法制备2份供试液,再以金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠埃希菌、黑曲霉和白色念珠菌为实验菌株,对2份供试液进行菌落计数方法学验证,考察十四烷酸异丙酯能否在疏水性化妆品微生物检验中应用。结果表明,十四烷酸异丙酯能溶解分散疏水性化妆品,同时可去除化妆品中的一些抑菌成分,提高实验菌株的回收率和检出率。

肉豆蔻酸稀土复合热稳定剂对PVC性能的影响

合成了肉豆蔻酸镧、肉豆蔻酸铈、肉豆蔻酸钕3种稀土热稳定剂,采用刚果红法分别测试了其与硬脂酸锌、季戊四醇、硬脂酸钙之间的协同作用,复配得到了硬质聚氯乙烯(PVC)用新型肉豆蔻酸稀土复合热稳定剂,利用转矩流变仪、动态力学谱仪等考查其对PVC流变性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明,肉豆蔻酸稀土复合热稳定剂具有良好的热稳定性,静态和动态热稳定时间分别约为120、60min,能较好地抑制PVC的初期着色性;复合稀土体系的加工流变性能优于铅盐体系,拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和断裂强度与铅盐体系相当,而冲击强度高于铅盐体系。

2步酯化法合成肉豆蔻酸甲酯的工艺研究

以肉豆蔻酸和甲醇为原料,浓硫酸为催化剂,采用2步酯化法合成肉豆蔻酸甲酯.实验结果表明,其最佳工艺参数为:冷凝回流酯化阶段(第1阶段)甲醇的质量分数为80%,催化剂质量分数为0.5%,反应温度为(65±2)℃,反应时间为90 min,酯化率为90.03%;甲醇连续流加酯化阶段(第2阶段)甲醇流速为1.0 mL/min,反应温度为(100±5)℃,反应时间为30～60 min,最终转化率为98.19%.并采用正交法进行验证,得到的单因素实验工艺参数可靠.本实验具有反应时间短,能耗低,转化率高,工艺简单等优点.

佛波酯对人外周血CD4^+T细胞产生IL-17的影响

观察不同浓度佛波酯(Phorbol myristate acetate,PMA)及不同刺激时间对慢性乙型肝炎患者外周血CD4+T细胞产生IL-17的影响.实验运用流式细胞仪检测不同浓度的PMA及不同刺激时间作用于人CD4+T细胞后其产生IL-17的差异.不同的PMA浓度对CD4+T细胞产生IL-17的能力不同,其中PMA50ng/mL组可产生较多的IL-17,而25ng/mL组和100ng/mL组产生量较少.不同的刺激时间对IL-17产生量也有显著影响:刺激3h后IL-17的产生量增加不明显,而刺激至6h及12h时,IL-17的产生明显上升,且6h与12h无明显差异.运用流式细胞仪检测发现,CD4+T细胞IL-17的产生量与PMA既非浓度依赖又非时间依赖关系,建议50ng/mL PMA刺激6h为淋巴细胞最佳活化方案.

豆蔻酸对茄子根际土壤微生物生理类群和土壤酶活性的影响

采用盆栽试验分析了化感物质豆蔻酸对茄子根际土壤微生物生理功能类群和土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明,豆蔻酸处理显著增加了茄子根际微生物生理类群数量,细菌菌群数随处理浓度增加而逐渐增加;硝化细菌与纤维素分解菌数量变化一致,1.00 mmol/kg豆蔻酸处理的数量最多;0.05~1.00 mmol/kg豆蔻酸处理的固氮菌数量显著高于对照。与对照相比,豆蔻酸处理后土壤多酚氧化酶和过氧化物酶活性显著增加,脲酶在中高浓度豆蔻酸处理中显著增加,蛋白酶活性均显著高于对照,但各处理浓度之间差异不大。豆蔻酸处理明显增加了茄子株高和茎粗。

脂肪酶催化合成肉豆蔻酸植物甾醇酯

考察了在有机介质中不同脂肪酶催化合成肉豆蔻酸植物甾醇酯,选定脂肪酶AYS为催化剂。单因素实验结果表明在正己烷体系中,最优的反应条件为肉豆蔻酸和植物甾醇摩尔比为3∶1,脂肪酶AYS用量为底物总质量的10%,反应温度50℃,反应72h后酯化率可达69.93%。