基于英语学习活动观的语法教学探究——以Noun Clauses为例

文章以三维动态语法观为理论框架,以名词性从句为例,分析语法结构的三个维度,以活动观为指导进行设计与实施教学内容,将语法、语句、写作结合起来引导学生注意学习名词性从句的语境、语用、语篇意义,帮助学生创造性地在交际中得体地使用名词性从句。

An Investigation of Avoidance of Relative Clauses in the English Writings of High Vocational College Students

This study investigates the avoidance of relative clauses by high vocational college students and also explores the differences in the avoidance of the RCs by high-level students and low-level students in their English writings. The data used in this study have been collected from English writing tasks and analyzed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences(SPSS17.0). The major findings of this study are stated as follows: 1) There are significant differences in the production of the relative clauses in their English writings by Chinese higher vocational college students and English native speakers. Avoidance of relative clauses exists in the English writings of higher vocational college students. 2) High-level Chinese higher vocational college students display less of the avoidance phenomenon in their English writings than low-level students.

Application of ‘Division’ in E-C Translation of Long and Complex Attributive Clauses

The attributive clause plays a significant role in E-C translation.Due to the stylistic difference in Chinese and English(Chinese is paratactic while English is hypotactic),complex English attributive clauses cannot be translated literally as awkwardness may occur.One possible approach to coping with the problem is the adoption of‘Division’in translating long English attributive clauses.This essay provides three steps in translating complex English attributive clauses into Chinese(clarifying meaning units,restructuring and polishing)and the accompanied techniques such as amplification and omission to make the translation more readable and natural to Chinese readers.

A Functional Analysis of English Relative Clauses

Relative clauses in traditional grammars,which are sometimes called attributive clauses,are divided into two types:restrictive and non-restrictive.Building upon the discussion of recursion in Halliday’s Systemic Functional Grammar(SFG),this paper conducts a functional syntactic analysis of such clauses,aimed at probing into their logical structures.

An Overview of Relative Clauses

Relative clause is one kind of important modifiers among English grammar. It is a widely used clauses in English context. In order to get an overview of relative clause, this essay will analyze it in terms of form, meaning and use.

Relative Clauses in Learning and Teaching

This essay mainly analyze the source of difficulties in learning relatives as well as some pedagogical implications in teaching this grammar.

On Similarities and Differences between Relative Pronouns in Relative Clauses

This paper,in two installments,attempts to clarify the finer points in the similarities and differences in the usage of relative pronouns,who,that and which,while they are in relative clauses.They are illustrated and justified with examples.The paper,through the comparison of the usages of who,that and which,has shown their similarities and differences from one another.It will enable us to master their usages and help us in studying relative clauses.

An ERP Study of the Object Preference in Processing Chinese Relative Clauses

Through an event-related potential（ERP）study, we examined the processing mechanisms of four types of Chinese（Mandarin） relative clauses（RCs）,namely subject subject-extracted relative clause（SSR）,subject object-extracted relative clause（SOR）, object subject-extracted relative clause（OSR）, and object object-extracted relative clause（OOR） to test the universality and language specificity of RC comprehension processes. The results of this study support a preference for object-extracted RCs modifying both the subject and object of a sentence, i.e.,SORs and OORs. In particular, ERP results showed stronger P600 effects in the RC region for SSRs compared with SORs, which we argue reflects a canonical word order theory. Stronger N400 effects were observed for verbs compared with nouns, reflecting easier understanding for nouns. ERP results from the matrix clause object and the relativizer “de” showed stronger P600 effects in SSRs compared with SORs,suggesting thematic structure effects on syntactic construction and the processing preference of the whole sentence.

An Analysis on English Relative Clauses Acquisition in Spoken Context of Chinese College English Majored Learners

This study investigated the relative clauses acquisition of Chinese EFL Learners in spoken context.207 English major sophomores’spoken data selected from the Spoken and Written English Corpus of Chinese Learners were analyzed.All the par ticipants were divided into high and low group according to their oral proficiency.This study found that high proficiency stu dents outperformed low proficiency students not only in the numbers of RCs also in accuracy.Meanwhile,the RCs produced in the spoken context also supported previous accessibility hierarchy hypotheses on processing RCs,and the regression results showed that OS and OOGen types of RCs were strong predictors of spoken proficiency.However,because of the typological dif ference of RC between Chinese and English,four types of RC errors were found.This study expected to provide some pedagogi cal insights into English RC acquisition in spoken context.

The Topic Structure of Small Clauses

To comprehend the syntax and semantics of small clauses(SCs)requires comprehending their topic structure.With bare infinitival complements,the subject of the SC is not the topic,which is in comparison with adjectival SCs,where the subject must be a topic.By comparing raising verbs with adjectival SC complements and raising verbs with infinitival complements,it is quite clear that the differences in the syntax and semantics of such constructions are related to whether or not the subject of the embedded clause must be a topic.Adjectival SCs have individuals as topics,while verbal SCs have events or stages.Because the subject of the adjectival SC is a topic,it can move into the matrix clause under passivization.The subject of a verbal SC is not a topic;this explains why it cannot move into the matrix under passivization.

Study about the Acquisition of the English Relative Clauses for Chinese Middle School Students

In recent four decades, relative clause has interested many scholars due to its unique structural complexity. This articletook Chinese senior high school students as subjects and found their acquisition order of relative clauses fully coincided with Ku-no’s Perceptual Difficulty Hypothesis but partly agreed with Keenan&Comire’s Noun Phrase Accessibility Hypothesis and Hamil-ton’s SO Hierarchal Hypothesis, which can provide implications and references for the English relative clauses’ learning andteaching.

On E-C Translation of Attributive Clauses in English for Science and Technology from Perspective of Functional Equivalence

Attributive clauses in EST often consist of complex structures and deliver a multiplicity of meanings. It will be one of challenges facing the translators to transfer the attributive clauses in EST faithfully, completely and smoothly into Chinese so that the understanding and response of the target language readers to the information produced in the translation are almost the same as that of the original language readers to the information contained in the original attributive clauses in EST, thus achieving functional equivalence of the translation. Under the direction of Nida's functional equivalence theory, this paper is dedicated to discussing the translation techniques of EST attributive clauses, and hope it benefits the translation of EST in the future.

E-C Translation of While-clauses—A Parallel-corpus-based Study

In English, as one of the most frequently used subordinators, while introduces adverbial clauses. It can indicate the meaning of time, as well as contrast, condition and concession. This study looks into the translation characteristics of while-clauses in Great Expectation by investigating its Chinese correspondences based on the data collected from English-Chinese Parallel Concordance and another Chinese version. The result reveals that the majority of while-clauses are translated by substitution and are translated into adverbial adjuncts.

The Conflict and Balance Between Intellectual Property Rights and Public Freedom of Information in the“Anti-circumvention Clause”

There is a long-standing conflict between intellectual property rights and public freedom of information.The continuous development of the“anti-circumvention clause”has caused the conflict to intensify.As a basic human right,freedom of information is being gradually eroded by the expansion of intellectual property rights.The existing research mainly carries on the right balance from the negative protection path,but the positive protection path is more advantageous to realizing the public freedom of information and alleviates the conflict between the two kinds of rights.In practice,there are some problems in the application of the anti-circumvention clause,such as the legality of the aim,the division of the protected part,and the determination of the circumvention.This is mainly due to the lack of restrictions on technical measures,the failure to distinguish between“copyright protection”and“contact control”,and the offside and absence of administrative bodies in practice.We should protect public freedom of information by distinguishing the two measures of copyright protection and contact control and the two torts of access and use,increasing the restrictive conditions for the use of technical protection measures,and changing the functions of administrative supervision agencies.