Evaluation Items for Community-Based Health Care Focusing on Social Aspects: A Literature Review

The progressive aging of society has become a global concern, and is expected to lead to the development of effective, sustainable, person-centered, integrated community-based care systems. However, there is insufficient evidence regarding effective integrated community-based care. In particular, few studies have focused on social aspects of the community environment related to elderly health. This study aimed to consider social aspects as evaluation items, focusing particularly on social determinants from the perspective of community-dwelling people, to explore truly effective integrated community-based care to improve elderly health. The definition of social determinants means social cohesion in social and community contexts. A literature review of English articles published in peer-reviewed journals up to October 2019 was conducted using PubMed, MEDLINE, and CINAHL with the following search terms: “social cohesion,” “elderly health,” “mental health” and “community.” Identified articles were screened based on title and abstract, and selected articles were subjected to full-text assessment and critical review. All references cited in the selected articles were also reviewed. The following inclusion criteria were used: 1) studies targeting community-dwelling elderly people or community-dwelling people including elderly people as participants;2) studies with clear descriptions of social factors in the Methods section;and 3) studies with clear descriptions of health-related items in the Methods section. From the 21 articles analyzed, of which 9 articles defined social determinants as social cohesion in social and community context, 37 items were extracted as social aspects at the community level that reflect the perspective of residents. These items can be developed as evaluation items for community-based health care outcomes through consensus among community health care providers and further investigation.

Evaluation of an Examination in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

This work was aimed at assessing one of the examinations applied to the students enrolled in courses of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at the School of Medicine, UNAM. We analyzed a f＇mal examination in this subject. The test consisted of 80 multiple choice questions. The database was exported to Excel and then to the SPSS 16 statistical software for statistical analyses. The following techniques were used： （1） dificulty index （Pi）, （2） discrimination index （Di）, （3） discrimination coefficient （rpbis）, and （4） Cronbach＇s alpha. Those questions that complied with 3 of the 4 mentioned techniques were considered acceptable; of the 80 questions, only 25 were accepted corresponding to 31%. The topic with the largest number of accepted questions was Water and pH （75%）, and the topics without accepted questions were Bioenergetics and Hormones （0%）. It is recommended that the faculty members that elaborate multiple choice examinations must know the subject, and should have a formation in didactics and educational methodology.

Improved Collaborative Filtering Recommendation Based on Classification and User Trust

When dealing with the ratings from users,traditional collaborative filtering algorithms do not consider the credibility of rating data,which affects the accuracy of similarity.To address this issue,the paper proposes an improved algorithm based on classification and user trust.It firstly classifies all the ratings by the categories of items.And then,for each category,it evaluates the trustworthy degree of each user on the category and imposes the degree on the ratings of the user.Finally,the algorithm explores the similarities between users,finds the nearest neighbors,and makes recommendations within each category.Simulations show that the improved algorithm outperforms the traditional collaborative filtering algorithms and enhances the accuracy of recommendation.