Left- and Right-Handers May Unintentionally Apply Different Cognitive Strategies in Response to Situational Demands: Study Using the Block-Wise Proportion Congruency Effect

We investigated the effects of handedness on developing latent cognitive response strategies according to situation variables. We used the findings of the block-wise Proportion Congruency (PC) effect in which the proportion of congruent trials in a given block modulates the compatibility effect in its block. The block-wise PC effect cannot be intentionally controlled. A Simon task with three different types of Proportion Congruency (PC) in a given block was used to measure the block-wise PC effects. This task was administered to 24 left-handed and 24 right-handed participants. The reaction time and error rates, consistent with previous studies, demonstrated that the block-wise PC effect was observed in left- and right-handers. Crucially, the block-wise PC effect was more pronounced in left- than right-handers, suggesting that left- and right-handers unintentionally apply different cognitive strategies in response to conflict resolution experiences.

评价分类任务中情绪启动效应的若干定理

评价分类任务中的情绪启动效应有很多现象,如比例效应、反转效应、词频效应。到目前为止,任何一个启动模型均无法解释所有的情绪启动现象,表明现有的模型均有理论不足。为此提出了四条定理,实验一证实了启靶一致RT(一致性期待时)<启靶不一致RT(不一致性期待时)<启靶一致RT(不一致性期待时);实验二证实了"启—靶"反应从快到慢依次是:N(负)—N、P(正)—N、N—P、P—P;实验三证实了在评价分类任务中准确性判断与速度判断出现了实验性分离。使用这些定理可以解释所有的评价分类任务中的情绪启动现象。

刺激-反应联结学习在项目特异性比例一致效应中的作用

比例一致效应通常被用来研究认知控制的动态变化,其中项目特异性比例一致效应是其重要分支。当前研究分别以任务的无关属性(空间位置)与相关属性(颜色)进行比例偏置操纵,考察联结学习与注意调节在比例一致效应中的作用。结果发现,在刺激-反应编码具有显著性优势的条件下,当位置作为信号时,被试可以利用刺激-反应联结学习反转比例一致效应;当颜色作为信号时,联结学习不起作用,比例一致效应消失。这些结果表明刺激-反应联结学习在比例一致效应中起到主要作用,符合显著性编码假说的预期。