Early-Cretaceous Syenites and Granites in the Northeastern Tengchong Block, SW China: Petrogenesis and Tectonic Implications

Whole-rock major and trace element and Sr-Nd isotopic data, together with zircon LA ICP- MS in-situ U-Pb and Hf isotopic data of the syenites and granites in the Tengchong Block are reported in order to understand their petrogenesis and tectonic implications. Zircon U-Pb data gives the emplacement ages of ca. 115.3±0.9 Ma for syenites and 115.7±0.8 Ma for granites, respectively. The syenites are characterized by low SiO2 content （62.01-63.03 wt%） and notably high Na20 content （7.04- 7.24 wt%） and Na20/K20 ratios （2.02-2.10）, low MgO, Fe2OaT and TiO2, enrichment of LILEs（large-ion lithophile element） such as Rb, Th, U, K, and Pb） and obvious depletion HFSE（high field strength element; e.g. Nb, Ta, P, and Ti） with clearly negative Eu anomalies （dEu=0.53-0.56）. They also display significant negative whole-rock eNd（t） values of-6.8 and zircon eHf（t） values（-9.11 to -0.27, but one is ＋5.30） and high initial S7Sr/86Sr=0.713013. Based on the data obtained in this study, we suggest that the ca. l15.3Ma syenites were possibly derived from a sodium-rich continental crustal source, and the fractionation of some ferro-magnesian mineral and plagioclase might occur during the evolution of magma. The granites have high SiO2 content （71.35-74.47 wt%）, metaluminous to peraluminous, low Rb/Ba, Rb/Sr, and AI2Oa/（MgO＋FeOT＋TiO2） ratios and moderate （AI2Oa＋MgO＋FeOT＋TiO2） content. They show low initial a7Sr/86Sr （0.703408 to 0.704241） and eNd（t） values （-3.8 to -3.5）, plotted into the evolutionary trend between basalts and lower crust. Hence, we suggest that the granites were derived from the melting of mixing sources in the ancient continental crust involving some metabasaltic materials and predominated metasedimentary greywackes. Together with data in the literatures, we infer that the Early Cretaceous magmatism in the Tengchong block was dominated by magmas generated by the partial melting of ancient crustal material, which represent the products that associated to the closure of Bangong-Nujiang Meso-Tethys.

Two A-type Syenite-Granite Belts in Anhui

There ekist two parallel A-type syenitegranite belts on both banks of the Yangtze River inAnhui Province : one is the Dalongshan- Chengshan- Huangmeijian belt on the north bank and theother is the Huayuangong- Maotan- manshiling belt on the south bank. Both of them consist ofsyenite, quartz-syenite and alkali feldspar granite, which were formed at about 125 Ma ago and areenriched in alkalies and high-field-strength elements but depleted in water, with the total alkali ac-counting for 9- 12%, and H2O+ only for 0.50%’ The Ga x 10-4/Al raho is as high as 2.7 to 3.8for granite. They were formed in the extension stage of ancient riffing. So they are considered to bethe A-type Syenite-granite belts. Granites in the two belts resulted from a syedte magma by an AFCmechanism While the magma was derived from alkali basalt magma through thefractio nal-crystallization-dominated AFC mechanism.

Re-recognition of Tieshan “Syenite” and its Geological Significance in Zhenghe, Fujian Province

1 Introduction Tieshan Syenite crosses between Dongfeng and Zhangyuan’an in Zhenghe of Fujian province,occurs in the direction of 42°,Total length 8500m,width 600-800m and its Area of about 39km2.Outcrops of the mass are

Geochemical and Sr-Nd isotopic study of alkaline syenites in Liangtun-Kuangdonggou, Liaoning Province, China: Evidence for enriched mantle before 1.86 Ga and implications

The 1.86 Ga Liangtun-Kuangdonggou complex (LKC) is one of the oldest alkaline syenite bodies so far discovered in China. This syenite suite has elevated contents of total alkali (K-2O+Na-2O), with an average of {10.50%}, and a mean Rittmann Index (σ) of {6.48}. The intrusions have slightly higher concentrations of K-2O than those of Na-2O on a weight percent basis, indicating the rocks belong to potassium-rich alkaline syenite series. Total rare-earth element concentrations (∑REE ) of the rocks are relatively high, ranging from 324×10{-6} to 1314×10{-6}, with a mean value of 666×10{-6}. The REE patterns are subparallel and rightward steep with (La/Yb)-N >33, showing mild negative to positive Eu anomalies (δEu: {0.63}-{1.15}). All samples exhibit strong LILE and LREE enrichments and TNT (Nb, Ta, Ti) and P depletions in multi-element spidergrams. On the ε-{Sr}(t)-ε-{Nd}(t) correlation diagram, most analytical data points plot within the enriched mantle field with low ({{}{87}Sr/{86}Sr)-i} ratios ({0.7045}-{0.7051}) and negative ε-{Nd}(t) values ({-3.72}-{-3.97}), falling among those kimberlites from Fuxian County, Liaoning Provinve, from Mengyin County, Shandong Province and the Ⅱ-type kimberlites from South Africa. These characteristics imply that the LKC-rocks may have the same source as the above-mentioned kimberlites, i.e., they have close connections to the materials derived from enriched mantle reservoirs, further revealing that the upper mantle beneath the northeastern part of the North China Plate had been highly enriched before {1.86} Ga. Geodynamically, the LKC-rocks were formed in a within-plate environment with close genetic connections to rift-related alkaline magma activities possibly controlled by ancient mantle plumes.

Alkali feldspar syenites with shoshonitic affinities from Chhotaudepur area: Implication for mantle metasomatism in the Deccan large igneous province

Two petrologically distinct alkali feldspar syenite bodies （AFS-1 and AFS-2） from Chhotaudepur area, Deccan Large Igneous Province are reported in the present work. AFS-1 is characterized by hypidio-morphic texture and consists of feldspar （Or55Ab43 to Or25Ab71）, ferro-pargasite/ferro-pargasite horn-blende, hastingsite, pyroxene （Wo47, En5, Fs46）, magnetite and biotite. AFS-2 exhibits panidiomorphic texture with euhedral pyroxene （Wo47-50, En22-39, Fs12e31） set in a groundmass matrix of alkali feldspar （Or99Ab0.77 to Or1.33Ab98）, titanite and magnetite. In comparison to AFS-1, higher elemental concentra-tions of Ba, Sr and PREE are observed in AFS-2. The average peralkaline index of the alkali feldspar syenites is w1 indicating their alkaline nature. Variation discrimination diagrams involving major and trace elements and their ratios demonstrate that these alkali feldspar syenites have a shoshonite affinity but emplaced in a within-plate and rifting environment. No evidence of crustal contamination is perceptible in the multi-element primitive mantle normalized diagram as well as in terms of trace elemental ratios. The enrichment of incompatible elements in the alkali feldspar syenites suggests the involvement of mantle metasomatism in their genesis.

LA-ICP-MS Zircon U-Pb Age of Longtou Syenite body in South Songxian County, Southern Margin of the North China Craton

Objective Indosinian magmatic rocks mainly locate in west Qinling Orogen, which are, however, extremely rare in east Qingling Orogen （Lu Xinxiang, 2000; Zhang Guowei et al., 2001; Guo Xianqing et al., 2017）. The Zhifang Huangzhuang （ZH） area in south Songxian County is located in the southern margin of the North China Craton （Fig. l a）, which is an important lndosinian alkaline magmatic occurrence including 32 syenite bodies and syenitic dykes in east Qinling Orogen. There are five syenite bodes in the ZH area, i.e., the Lang＇aogou, Mogou, Longtou, Jiaogou and Wusanggou from west to east （Fig. l b）.

Whole-rock geochemical, U-Pb and Sm-Nd isotope characteristics of the Dongueni Mont nepheline syenite intrusion, Mozambique

The Dongueni Mont nepheline syenite intrudes migmatitic paragneisses and siliciclastic metasediments of the Barue Complex, Mozambique. This study reports the whole-rock geochemical, U-Pb and Nd isotopic data of the nepheline syenite. The ferroan and alkalic geochemical characteristics are typical of alkaline rocks formed in a within-plate setting. The strong depletion in high field strength elements(HFSEs)(e.g. Ba, Nb, P,and Ti) and enrichment in large ion lithophile elements(LILEs)(e.g. Rb, Th, K, and Pb) are consistent with magmatism in a continental alkaline magmatic province associated with intracontinental rifting. Zircon U-Pb data yielded crystallization ages from 498 ± 19 to 562± 14 Ma,consistent with the Pan-African Orogeny and the inherited zircons yield an age of 1040 Ma, which supports the presence of a Mesoproterozoic crust. Theε_(Nd)(t) values from the nepheline syenite samples range from-15.1 to-16.1 and the T_(DM)values from 1.77 to 1.67 Ga, which indicate that the initial nepheline syenite magma formed from a tholeiitic or mantle source in a within-plate setting with crustal assimilation.

Nepheline Syenite Decomposition Using NaOH by Hydrothermal Reaction

Nepheline syenite is an important potassium-rich rock resource. Nepheline syenite powder was decomposed successfully by hydrothermal reaction using NaOH additive. Hydroxycancrinite (Na8(Al6Si6O24)(OH)2·2H2O ) solid and (K,Na)2SiO3 solution was obtained as a result of the hydrothermal reaction.

Preparation of K_2CO_3 Using Potassic Syenite from East Qinling Mountains

1 Introduction Songxian at East Qinling mountains in China possesses more than 100 million tons potassic syenite with the average K2O content of 13%and the main mineral phase of K-feldspar which is a kind of potential potassium

Extraction of Rare Earth from K-rich Syenite Tailings

The application of K-rich nephline syenite ores would produce some tailings, which will cause many disadvantages such as more land occupation. In this research, an process was obtained to extract rare earth from the K-rich nephline syenite tailings of Gejiu, Yunnan province, China. This tailings mainly composed of K-feldspar, biotite, magnetite, andradite, nepheline and 0.1% rare earth. The chemical compositions are shown in Table 1.

Zircon micro-texture and chemistry:an investigation of magmatic history and crystallization temperature of quartz potassic syenite from Iwo area,Southwestern Nigeria

The Neoproterozoic quartz potassic syenite of the Iwo area,Southwestern Nigeria has been investigated for its magmatic history and zircon saturation temperature.The zircon morphology showed irregular shapes with sectoral and oscillatory micro zoning.The majority of the zircon grains have embayment,which corresponds to magmatic resorption.The syenite crystallized from probably multiple recharge of less evolved magma.Both the magma injection and subsequent crystallization of the rock occurred over a length of time giving the rock some degree of protracted thermal history and slight fluctuation in chemistry,which are manifested as zonation in the analyzed zircon grains.The initial stage of zircon crystallization was marked by a lower cerium anomaly than the final stage,which indicates changes from lower oxidizing to higher oxidizing conditions.The protracted history does not affect the europium anomalies at any stage of crystallization.An average zircon saturation temperature of 865℃estimated from titanium in zircon(T_(Tiz)℃)thermometer using titanium activity of 0.7(^(a)TiO_(2)~0.7)is taken as reasonable crystallization temperature of the rock.This is fairly consistent with 877℃deduced from the zircon solubility model.The titanium in zircon temperature of 910℃at aTiO_(2)~1 is rather too high to be a useful estimate.Both the temperatures 865 and 877℃are however consistent with those of intermediate rocks.The size of the syenite and protracted crystallization history would have made the temperature to have impacted the metamorphic envelope around the syenite.

Mineralogy, Petrography and Geochemistry of the Ina Syenite (Linté, Central Cameroon) as a Source of Industrial Feldspars

The syenite from Ina (Central region of Cameroon) constitutes a 1000 km2 syntectonic batholith intruded in the Paleoproterozoic granitic basement. The aim of this work is to assess the potential of the Ina batholith syenite as a feldspar minerals resource for industrial use through petrographic and geochemical characterization. Most of the rocks are grey coloured and consist of shimmering feldspar phenocrysts in a fine-grained ferromagnesian matrix. Petrography reveals the presence of two major syenite facies: a widely distributed porphyritic syenite and a less-abundant massive syenite. These facies are dominated by phenocrysts of sub-automorphic perthitic orthoclase. Its malgachite face is due to the presence of numerous inclusions of opaque minerals observed by scanning electron microscopy (ESEM-EDX). Plagioclase phenocrysts have a zonal texture characterised microscopically by an oscillatory compositional zonation. Biotite, hornblende and augite, identified by X-ray powder diffraction, are finely disseminated in the feldspar matrix. Quartz appears as small automorphic crystals with maximum abundance of about 4 wt%. The XRF chemical composition reveals, alongside silica (59.29 wt% to 63.27 wt%), significant proportion of alumina (15.82 wt% to 19.80 wt%), potassium and sodium oxides considered as fluxing elements (K2O + Na2O ≥ 10 wt%). The K2O/Na2O ratio varies between 1.65 and 5.51 (average 2.58). Iron and titanium oxides (1 ≥ wt% Fe2O3 + TiO2 ≥ 5), harmful in ceramic industry, are high as in most other feldspathic sources. The characteristics of the Ina syenite are close to most of the syenite ores used worldwide for ceramics and glass raw materials and necessitates purification and beneficiation treatments. Others rock types have been identified at the study site (granite, monzonite, granodiorite) and are considered as inappropriate as a source of industrial feldspars.

Luku Alkali Syenite in the Hongge Ore District,SW China:Geochemistry,Geochronology and Metallogenic Significance

Luku alkali syenite is distributed throughout the southern end of the Hongge basic-ultrabasic intrusion in Panzhihua,Sichuan,SW China.Using LA-ICP-MS,the alkali syenite intrusion yielded a zircon U-Pb age of_(2)64.5±1.6 Ma,concordant with the ages of the E’meishan large igneous province(260 Ma).The intrusion displayed silica-saturated,Al-adequate and alkali-rich signatures,with SiO_(2)62.07%-64.04%,Al_(2)O_(3)16.26%-16.79%and Na_(2)O+K_(2)O 9.17%-9.91%(averaging 9.31%).The rock falls into the alkaline zone on the SiO_(2)-A.R.diagram,as well as in the potassium zone on the K_(2)O-Na_(2)O diagram,indicating a potassium alkaline rock.The rock has a low total REE concentration and showed enrichment in LREE(LREE/HREE=7.06-7.95),typical negative Eu anomalies(δEu=0.73-0.80),trace element deficiencies in LILEs(Ba,K,Sr,Zr)and enrichment in HFSEs(Th,U,Nd,Sm,Ta and Nb),displaying crust and mantle element information.Zircons show a strong positive Ce anomaly and negative Eu anomaly,similar to the characteristics of crustal source magmatic zircon,however the(Lu/Gd)N ratio ranges from 1.48 to 3.17,and the(Yb/Sm)N ratio ranges from 38.49 to 77.15,which are similar to the characteristics of mantle-derived magmatic zircon.In the La/Yb-δEu correlation diagram,the data plots near the boundary between crust type and crust-mantle type.From the combined‘trinity’spatiotemporal relationship of Indosinian intermediate-acid alkali intrusive rocks in the Panxi area with E’meishan basalt and basic-ultrabasic intrusive rocks,the regional tectonic evolution and the partial melting model of the most intraplate magma sources,we believe that the Luku alkali syenite in Sichuan was formed from the partial melting of a crust-mantle source material,due to underplating of the mantle plume basic magma.

Late Carboniferous Vertical Crustal Growth in Northern North China Craton: Evidence from Zircon U-Pb Age and Depleted Hf Isotope of the Dongwanzi Syenite

Objective Though the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) is characterized by widespread Phanerozoic crustal growth,there is little juvenile crust documented in its southeastern segment,northern margin of the North China Craton(NCC)(Zhang et al,2007,2009).Late Carboniferous Dongwanzi ultramafic-mafic cumulate complex occurs in northern margin of the NCC and is intruded by a syenite with depleted Sr-Nd isotopes (Ma et al.,2014).However,the age and petrogenesis of this syenite is poorly constrained.In this study,we present new petrological,zircon U-Pb and Hf isotopic data of the Dongwanzi syenite,in order to put insights on its formation age and petrogenetic relationship with cumulates.

Impact of hydrothermal alteration on the U-Pb isotopic system of zircons from the Fangcheng syenites in the Qinling orogen,Henan Province,China

Disturbance of the zircon U-Pb isotopic system has been investigated extensively, but mostly in lab, in the last decades. Here, we reported a field-based study on intensive sericitization, K-feldsparthization and the impacts of mylonitization on zircons from the Fangcheng syenites.The Fangcheng syenites occur in the eastern part of the Qinling orogen and consist mainly of aegirine-augite syenite, aegirine nepheline syenite, biotite syenite and hornblende nepheline syenite. Zircons from the slightly sericitized aegirine augite syenite are colorless, transparent crystals and exhibit well-developed oscillatory and sector zoning on the cathodoluminescence (CL) images which are typical of magmatic zircons from alkaline rocks. Zircon U-Pb determinations by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS) showed that the syenite was formed in Neoproterozoic time, the weighted average of 206Pb/238U ages is 844.3±1.6 Ma (MSWD=0.86). In contrast, the hydrothermally altered zircons (hydrothermal zircon) from the intensively sericitized, K-feldsparthized, and weakly mylonitized aegirine augite syenite are conglomerates, yellowish to brown in color, generally translucent and internally textureless. The CL and backscatter electron (BSE) images of hydrothermal zircons exhibit fractured, textureless or mosaic textures, and occasionally show "sponge texture" with the veinlets and inclusions of K-feldspar; however, relicts of magmatic oscillatory zoning can still be discerned locally in individual grains. LA-ICPMS analyses of the hydrothermal zircons demonstrated that the zircons are chemically inhomogeneous, with enhanced and widely varied Pb, U, and Th contents. The U and Th contents of the hydrothermal zircons are estimated to be 32×10-6-1550×10-6 and 188×10-6-4059×10-6, respectively, with Th/U ratios within the range of 0.7-44.9. 206Pb/238U apparent ages of the hydrothermal zircons are negatively correlated with the contents of U, and radiogenic and common Pb. As the U and Th concentrations of the magmatic zircons are rather low, the α-decay doses (3.65×1014-2.04×1015 α-decay events/mg) are much lower than those at the first percolation point (3.5× 1015 a-decay events/mg), thus, Pb mobility resultant from diffusion could be safely neglected. Disturbance of the U-Pb isotopic system of zircons is most likely to be attributed to the intensive sericitization and K-feldsparthization coupled with mylonitization, the hydrothermal fluids reacted with zircons along the rims and fractures of the distorted zircon crys- tals, giving rise to the chemically inhomogeneous hydrothermal zircons through a series of complicated mechanisms such as dissolution-reprecipitation. The significance of the U-Pb age (the lower intercept age on the discordia U-Pb plot) of hydrothermal zircons is uncertain. We argued that interpretations of the hydrothermal zircon data as the age of hydrothermal events or hydrothermal ore-forming processes are questionable and hence cautions must be taken.

Mineralogy and Beneficiation of Lamujärvi Syenites

The Lamujärvi syenites intrusions occur within Svecofennian (ca. 1.92 Ga) gneisses, ca. 70 km west of the Otanmaki alkaline area in central Finland. Previous studies have revealed zones in the syenites that display strong enrichment in Zr (1587 ppm), Nb (up to 685 ppm), Ta (up to 82 ppm), and REE (up to 5350 ppm). The major REE-bearing minerals in the Lamujarvi syenites are allanite and monazite. A sample of the Lamujärvi syenites with the REE content of 4700 ppm was studied on the mineralogy and beneficiation at GTK Mintec. The mineralogical analysis was conducted by MLA. The REE-bearing minerals allanite, parisite, zircon, and apatite were identified at significant concentrations and high contents of titanite (15.4%), biotite (30.9%) and magnetite (8.2%) were displayed in the sample. The beneficiation experiments by flotation, wet low and high gradient magnetic separations and gravity separation with a shaking table were carried out. A composite REE-Ti concentrate with REE 23,000 ppm, Zr 5000 ppm, Nb 3400 ppm and TiO2 25.5% at REE and Ti recoveries of 57% and 54% was obtained. In addition, biotite and magnetite concentrates were gained as by-products.

东昆仑大格勒泥盆纪正长岩岩石成因和地质意义

东昆仑大格勒地区发现了与铌、稀土共生的碱性岩-碳酸岩杂岩体,表明东昆仑造山带具有碱性岩-碳酸岩型稀有金属矿床的找矿前景。团队对大格勒杂岩体的岩石组合、岩石地球化特征、岩浆演化及构造背景等问题开展了一系列研究。最近新发现了与碱性镁铁-超镁铁质岩、碳酸岩杂岩形成时代相近、空间上相伴共生的正长岩体,为深入了解大格勒杂岩体提供了新视角。大格勒岩体主体为角闪正长岩,少量为石英正长岩,主要矿物为正长石,次为更长石和铁浅闪石,少量为钠长石、石英、钙铁辉石、铁橄榄石和铁叶云母。锆石U-Pb定年结果表明角闪正长岩形成于407~402 Ma。主量元素组成显示,角闪正长岩的SiO_(2)(59.08%~63.14%)含量中等,Al_(2)O_(3)(16.16%~17.23%)、K_(2)O+Na_(2)O(9.54%~11.06%)含量高,富钾(K_(2)O/Na_(2)O=1.45~2.02),极富铁(Fe O^(T)/(MgO+Fe O^(T))=0.93~0.94),为准铝质、钾玄岩系列;微量元素富集Hf(18.6×10^(-6)~30.6×10^(-6))、Ba(937×10^(-6)~1386×10^(-6)),极富Zr(1017×10^(-6)~1842×10^(-6)),但亏损Nb、Ta等,Eu异常不明显-弱Eu正异常(δEu=0.94~1.35,平均值为1.14)。大格勒正长岩具富集的Nd同位素(ε_(Nd)(t)为-3.9~-3.4)和高放射性Pb同位素组成(^(208)Pb/^(204)Pb(t)=38.164~38.232,^(207)Pb/^(204)Pb(t)=15.636~15.640,^(206)Pb/204Pb(t)=18.321~18.400),其锆石Hf同位素组成较均一(εHf(t)=-1.57~1.18)。结合区域构造背景,认为大格勒正长岩形成于碰撞后岩石圈伸展环境,角闪正长岩可能由富集地幔熔融产生的岩浆经过分离结晶而成。

Geologic relationships and mineralization of peralkaline/alkaline granite-syenite of the Zargat Na’am ring complex, Southeastern Desert, Egypt

The Zargat Na’am ring complex crops out 90 km NW of Shalatin City in the Southeastern Desert of Egypt. The ring complex forms a prominent ridge standing high above the surrounding mafic-ultramafic hills. It is cut by two sets of joints and faults which strike predominantly NNW-SSE and E-W, and is injected by dikes, porphyritic alkaline syenites, and felsite porphyries. It consists of alkali syenites, alkali quartz syenites, and peralkaline arfvedsonite-bearing granitic and pegmatitic dikes and sills. The complex is characterized locally by extreme enrichments in REEs, wolframite and rare, high field strength metals (HFSM), such as Zr and Nb. The highest concentrations ({1.5} wt% Zr, {0.25} wt% Nb, {0.6} wt% ∑REEs) occur in aegirine-albite aplites that formed around arfvedsonite pegmatites. Quartz-hosted melt inclusions in arfvedsonite granite and pegmatite provide unequivocal evidence that the peralkaline compositions and rare metal enrichments are primary magmatic features. Glass inclusions in quartz crystals also have high concentrations of incompatible trace elements including Nb (750×10+{-6}), Zr (2500×10+{-6}) and REEs (1450×10+{-6}). The REEs, Nb and Zr compositions of the aegirine-albite aplites plot along the same linear enrichment trends as the melt inclusions, and Y/Ho ratios mostly display unfractionated, near-chondritic values. The chemical and textural features of the aegirine-albite aplites are apparently resultant from rapid crystallization after volatile loss from a residual peralkaline granitic melt similar in composition to the melt inclusions.

安徽黄梅尖复式岩体深部岩矿石地球化学特征及其找矿意义

黄梅尖复式岩体不仅是庐枞盆地出露面积最大的A型花岗岩体,也是长江中下游铀成矿带安徽境内最为重要的产铀岩体之一。文章对黄梅尖复式岩体深部赋矿围岩中粒石英正长岩开展了岩相学、岩石地球化学和Sr-Nd同位素研究,分析探讨了岩石成因及其找矿意义。结果表明:中粒石英正长岩SiO2含量为69.30%~71.36%、Na_(2)O+K_(2)O含量为8.45%~10.26,A/CNK为1.31~1.46,显示高硅、高碱、过铝质岩石系列特征;稀土元素含量较高(ΣREE介于226.8×10^(-6)~1174.7×10^(-6)),LREE/HREE介于8.93~18.54,呈轻稀土元素富集的右倾型配分模式,具有明显的负Eu异常;岩石Isr值介于0.70624~0.70814,εNd(t)值介于-5.2~-7.8。综合前人研究认为,区内岩浆源区可能类似于EMI型富集地幔,且岩浆演化方式以部分熔融为主,形成于强烈的伸展构造背景;铀矿化由深到浅可能经历了由高温到中低温的热液成矿过程,成矿流体呈现出由碱性到酸性演化的特点,反映了庐枞盆地正长岩类深部具有较好的铀钍矿找矿潜力;中粒石英正长岩是寻找离子吸附型稀土矿的有利成矿母岩,具有较好的离子吸附型稀土矿找矿潜力。

湖北庙垭碱性杂岩体中铌成矿作用:来自金红石矿物学和年代学的制约

庙垭碱性杂岩体主要由富Nb和REE的碳酸岩和正长岩组成,已探明Nb_(2)O_(5)储量93万吨,平均品位0.12%,是国内仅次于白云鄂博的碳酸岩型Nb-REE矿床。前人对碳酸岩成因及稀土成矿作用开展了大量的研究,但对正长岩中铌的赋存状态和富集机制尚不清楚。文章在野外地质调查的基础上,结合TIMA、电子探针和LA-ICP-MS分析技术对正长岩中含铌矿物开展了详细的岩相学、矿物化学和U-Pb年代学研究。结果显示庙垭正长岩中主要含铌矿物为金红石,根据矿物结构和化学组成可划分为岩浆金红石和热液金红石两类。其中岩浆金红石少见,而热液金红石在各类正长岩中广泛发育,多呈浸染状沿原生金红石边缘或裂隙分布,或与黑云母和钛铁矿等其它矿物紧密共生。在化学组成上,原生金红石显示低Nb2O5(1.43%~2.56%)、FeO(0.74%~1.01%)和微量元素(如Ta、Cr、V、W、Mo、Sb)含量特征;而热液金红石具有不同程度的Nb_(2)O_(5)(3.48%~20.68%)、FeO(1.18%~6.92%)和微量元素富集特征。原位微区U-Pb定年显示两类金红石形成于不同的时代,原生金红石形成时代为446±21 Ma,而热液金红石形成时代为240±19 Ma,表明正长岩中铌矿化经历了早古生代岩浆阶段的初次富集和三叠纪热液交代阶段的二次富集。综上,我们认为庙垭杂岩体中铌富集成矿受控于岩浆和热液过程。在早古生代岩浆阶段,正长岩中Nb主要以晶格置换的方式进入早期金红石、黑云母等含钛矿物中;在三叠纪热液交代阶段,热液流体可分解黑云母形成次生富铌金红石和铌铁矿,亦或交代早期金红石和钛铁矿最终形成富铌金红石。