A Historical Review of the Development of Women’s Higher Education in China (1908-2020): Stages, Explanations, and Trends

The development of women’s higher education in China can be divided into four stages:emergence(1908-1948);foundation(1949-1976);accelerating development(1977-2008);and the qualitative leap(2009-2020).This work considers the principal institutional mechanisms that contributed to this development.First,flexibly planned parenthood gradually promoted gender equality and openness in society facilitated by systematic“awards,grants,and loans”initiatives to support women’s higher education economically.Second,compulsory education ensured that left-out and migrant children had access to higher education.Third,effective connectivity across different education types bridged education gaps between those with different levels of education.Fourth,China made great efforts to invite and integrate international experiences that promoted the development of women’s higher education.Looking beyond these achievements,we also discuss the future trends of women’s higher education in China.

An Analysis of Teacher's Professional Development of Higher Vocational Education

Teachers are the backbones of any educational institutions. They not only play vital roles in students' development;they also directly affect the stature of their respective scholastic organizations. Highly qualified instructors produce competent and well-rounded students— learners who are more than ready to face the quirks and challenges of the labor force. This paper primarily discusses the following questions: What is teacher's professional development? What is higher vocational teacher's professional development? And how can scholastic institutions promote it? The conclusion states that the characteristics of higher vocational education directly influence the higher vocational teacher's professional development; therefore, it must be nurtured and promoted for the development of all the stakeholders of learning institutions – students, teachers, management staff,the learning institution itself, and the nation as a whole.

Accreditation System of Distance Higher Education in the U.S. and Its Implications for China

Distance higher education is an important component of the Chinese higher education.How to enhance the quality of distance higher education is one of the key issues to be addressed in the research areas of distance education and higher education.As a crucial step to quality improvement,the constitution of accreditation system in distance higher education balances the benefits of all parties involved.This paper explores the American accreditation system of higher education and distance education and concludes with suggestions for the constitution of the Chinese quality assurance system:1)establishing third-party institutions to share part of the government roles;2)constituting the accreditation system;3)setting up appropriate standards;4)publicizing results of quality assurance work;and 5)building internal quality assurance mechanism.This paper is aimed to provide some reference to the constitution of accreditation system of distance higher education in China,facilitate the solution of quality problems in distance education,and promote the continuous improvement and development of distance education in China.

The Rise of Women’s Education and the Modernity of East Asia:Focusing on the Education of“Virtuous Wives and Worthy Mothers”in China and Japan

This year marks the 50th anniversary of the normalization of diplomatic relations between China and Japan.Looking back on the past and forward to the future,we realize modernity has become a critical issue that not only China and Japan,but the whole East Asian region should pay attention to.China and Japan are both within the“Circle of Confucius Culture”and are both modern latecomer countries.As they were coerced by western countries to enter the modern age,they shared multiple common features.An exploration of the two countries’respective rising of modern women’s education is an important path to discuss the reconstruction of gender and an important method of the course of the embodiment of east-Asian women into modernization drives.With regards to conclusion,entering the modern age,Chinese and Japanese intellectuals reshaped the female gender in terms of interpersonal relationship,value system,and knowledge structure by advocating the idea of“virtuous wives and worthy mothers”education.In the concept of virtuous wives and worthy mothers in East Asia,the Confucian ethics of“docility and virtue”is the soul,and modern scientific knowledge serves this core value.On the other hand,in the course of localization in China and Japan,this imported concept from the West has encountered a completely different historical fate.

Contributing to Sustainable Development——The Mission and Value of Higher Education

Some notes on sustainable development and scientific outlook on development were given. It is addressed that the mission of higher education to contribute to sustainable development should be reinforced and further expanded. The present situation of China's higher education and the improvements required were analyzed. Two modes of thinking (reductionism and holism) and the relationship between the mode of thinking and the mode of development were discussed. The change in the mode of thinking is the key point for Chinese higher education, and more intensive reform of teaching affairs is necessary. A proposal of the revision of China's Higher Education Act and University Constitutions was put forward.

REFORMING CHINA'S HIGHER ENGINEERING EDUCATION

This article expounds that China’s higher engineering education is facing both challenges and opportunities. Some special difficulties and problems rise in the course of economic transition, and exhort us that it has been of great urgency to carry out a reform of higher engineering education. Here are put forward six measures: to explore training patterns of such an education suited to China’s national conditions; to improve university system: to transform educational ideology, and reform educational contents and methods; to establish a system of cooperation of engineering universities and colleges with industries; to strengthen construction of teacher contingent in engineering universities and colleges; and to carry out testing work of continuing engineering education and training education.

From Mutual Creation to Mutual Benefit:China’s National Teacher Training Program between Higher Teacher Education and K-12 Teachers

Sustainable Development Goal(SDG 4)lays solid theoretical foundation for the development of higher teacher education in improving the quality of teaching faculty nationwide.Sustainable teacher training paves a way for teacher professional development in the long run.China’s“National Teacher Training Program”serves a connection between higher teacher education and K-12 teachers in multiple perspectives when exploring K-12 teachers’improvement of the essence by upgrading the initiative of the program with the assistance of educational technology and modern educational philosophy from mutual creation to mutual benefit.Direction orientation strategic design based on demand for teaching faculty,curriculum setting in modules,and characteristics creation have been carried out to upgrade the training of teacher colleges and National Teacher Training Program in the future for achieving a win-win situation between higher teacher education and K-12 education.

Contribution of Development of China's Higher Education to Human Rights Undertaking

Human rights are the rights and freedoms of humans in their nature, and represent the basic conditions for the free and complete development of the humankind. The educational develop- ment level is an important mark of the level of realization of human rights. China＇s higher education realized the historic development in the 1998- 2007 period, and the number of the enrolled students at common colleges and universities across the nation had exploded from 3.4 million to 18.85 million, the number one in the world.

高等教育、区域创新能力与数字经济发展

在加快建设数字中国的时代背景下,对高等教育与数字经济之间的关系进行探索有助于优化高等教育的定位和资源配置,并赋能经济社会高质量发展。本研究基于2011—2020年我国各省份的面板数据,实证探究高等教育对区域数字经济发展的影响效应、作用机制和异质性特征。研究发现,高等教育是区域数字经济发展的重要推动力量,其正向影响效应在使用工具变量缓解内生性问题后仍然稳健;区域创新能力是高等教育驱动数字经济增长的有效机制;高等教育对数字经济的贡献具有明显的时序动态性和区域异质性。基于研究结果,未来我国应彰显数字经济发展中的高校力量,通过探索数字创新人才培养体系、实施差异化产学研融合策略以及优化高等教育资源配置等举措,加快构建高等教育与数字经济协同发展的新格局。

Evaluation of Technical Education by Using a Modern Structured MOODLE Laboratory Course, in Relation to Recent Data

E-learning platforms support education systems worldwide, transferring theoretical knowledge as well as soft skills. In the present study high-school pupils’, and adult students’ opinions were evaluated through a modern structured MOODLE interactive course, designed for the needs of the laboratory course “Automotive Systems”. The study concerns Greek secondary vocational education pupils aged 18 and vocational training adult students aged 20 to 50 years. The multistage, equal size simple random cluster sample was used as a sampling method. Pupils and adult students of each cluster completed structured 10-question questionnaires both before and after attending the course. A total of 120 questionnaires were collected. In general, our findings disclosed that the majority of pupils and adult students had significantly improved their knowledge and skills from using MOODLE. They reported strengthening conventional teaching, using the new MOODLE technology. The satisfaction indices improved quite, with the differences in their mean values being statistically significant.

关于中国、美国和日本高等教育信息化发展的比较研究:ACCS研究项目介绍

本文以ACCS项目2002年的调查数据为基础,介绍了近年来中国、美国和日本三国高校在校园信息化建设上所取得的成就及存在的问题。ACCS(AsianCampusComputingSurvey)是一个国际性合作研究项目,其主要目的是通过问卷调查的方式,了解亚洲地区各国高校信息化建设的最新动态和信息,相互交流和借鉴各国在高等教育信息化建设方面的成功经验。本文主要包括以下三方面内容:三国高校信息化基础设施建设、教学信息化及目前所存在的一些问题。

日本高等教育二十年创新发展战略探析

日本高等教育体系面临着一系列新的挑战,第四次工业革命带来的高层次人才需求,以及“少子化”“老龄化”等社会问题也进一步加剧了教育发展困境。文章通过分析其高等教育的发展环境和现状,揭示其中蕴含的教育规律和发展逻辑;对日本高等教育近二十年改革创新发展战略进行研究,从综合发展战略、科教育人战略、国际化战略、社会服务战略四方面展开论述,探索其创新举措和特色优势,汲取相关经验:重视本土化高等教育发展,以结构性思维谋篇布局;组建高校合作教育联盟,激发共赢式“联盟效应”;树立跨学科交叉育人理念,直面社会创新型需求;大力发展国际化协作教育,提高人才国际竞争能力;依托区域间合作基地共建,搭建多类型社会服务平台。

基于B/S模式高校固定资产管理系统的设计与实现

我国高等教育事业的蓬勃发展,高校规模日益庞大,高校的固定资产也在急剧膨胀,传统的管理方式已难以适应,基于此,提出基于Web平台的高校固定资管理系统。在对用户需求分析和前期调研的基础上,设计系统的总体架构,最终实现高校固定资产管理系统运行功能。

高等数学课程的S-T分析

教育信息处理在教学过程和教学效果的评定中具有重要作用。本文从实践出发,运用教育信息处理中的S-T分析方法对南昌大学的高等数学教学过程进行了分析研究。

援助70年:日本对外高等教育援助的变革历程与模式类型

日本自1954年正式开展对外高等教育援助行动,经过70年的发展历程,日本从依附国际组织的“边缘式参与”阶段,到形成一体化援助机构的“体系化构建”阶段,再到国内国外双渠道、政府组织与非政府组织合作的“多主体协同”阶段,逐渐形成了具有日本特色的对外高等教育援助体系,并提升了自身的高等教育国际话语权。以“交换形态”和“援助动机”为划分维度,可将日本对外高等教育援助的模式分为四种不同的类型,即战略对接型援助模式、资源共享型援助模式、基建供给型援助模式、委托代理型援助模式。通过分析日本对外高等教育援助的变革历程和模式类型,有利于把握日本对外高等教育援助的战略意图。

科技革命演进中的世界高等教育中心转移及其特征

每一次科技革命的发生都必然带来高等教育的大发展,而每一次高等教育的大发展又进一步推动科技革命的新突破。纵观人类科技革命史和高等教育发展史可以发现:世界高等教育中心经历了从欧洲到北美洲的转移过程,且在新一轮科技革命背景下呈现多中心的新趋势。其中,第一次科技革命以机器替代手工为标志,引领世界高等教育的内外变革,奠定了以欧洲为中心的近代大学主旋律;第二次科技革命以电气的广泛应用为标志,高等教育成为推动第二次科技革命的主阵地,德国和美国相继主导世界科技的发展,世界高等教育中心开始从欧洲向北美转移;第三次科技革命以信息技术、新能源技术等为突破口,美国成为国际人才流动与集聚的世界高等教育中心,科技与教育深度互动的政产学研战略协同机制成为新的变革方向。在新一轮科技革命背景下,中国迅速崛起,多中心格局成为时代趋势,努力建成世界主要科学中心和创新高地成为中国实现创新驱动发展战略与教育强国战略的共同目标。从演变过程看,科技革命与高等教育的关系经历了从单向推动到双向联动的系统深化过程,世界高等教育中心的形成呈现动态演变的历史特征,受到教育内外部系统的多重因素影响。面向新时代,世界各国竞争趋势加剧,高等教育在国家发展和科技创新中的战略性地位得到进一步彰显,世界高等教育发展呈现竞合共存的局面。以中国为首的后发型国家在科技革命与高等教育的双向互动中将逐渐由“边缘”走向“中心”,成为影响世界高等教育发展的重要力量。

日本《大学设置基准》的政策旨趣与改革动向

作为日本高等教育的指导性法令,《大学设置基准》于2022年9月再次经日本文部科学省修订发布。回顾其发展历程,该法令修订均体现了不同时代的高等教育流变,对日本高等教育下一个阶段的发展起到促进作用。2022年修订反映了前期日本大学成功的改革实践,使其有法可依,并结合现阶段日本高等教育发展特点,为未来高等教育发展方向做出规划。新修订的《大学设置基准》旨在将高等教育的发展重心转向受教育者本身,推动构建公开透明的高等教育评价体系,倡导灵活多样的高质量高等教育体系建设。

抗战时期高等音乐学校的建立与发展——以福建音乐专科学校为例(1940-1945)

抗战时期,音乐宣传成为激发民族精神、鼓舞民气的重要手段。福建音乐专科学校应时代需要,诞生于抗战之中,在艰难环境下坚持教学实践,通过在课程体系、教师队伍、教材教法、音乐实践等方面的多重努力,兼顾全面育人与战时所需技能的养成,探索完善了本土音乐专业人才和音乐师资的培养模式。该校集聚国内外一大批优秀专业人才,引入融合西方音乐理论,努力创作新音乐和推行社会音乐教育,举办新式音乐会。福建音专兼顾学生培养、学术研究和社会服务,坚持以音乐抗敌,提振抗战精神,适应抗战需要和社会需要,推动了近代高等音乐教育体系及近代音乐的本土转型。

高职《环境监测》实训室引入5S管理的探索

通过分析"环境监测"实训室管理的现状及存在的问题,探讨将企业5S现场管理法引入实训过程,切实加强实训室的管理,为学生创造真实的职业环境、安全的职业场所,培养学生良好的行为习惯和职业素质。