Breeding and Application of Japonica CMS Line Yangfujing 7A with Fine Grain Quality, Disease Resistance and High Combining Ability in Rice

Yangfujing 7A, derived from the cross between Xu 9201A and Yangfujing 7 and its successive backcrosses, is a BT-type japonica CMS line developed by the Agricultural Institute of Riparian Region of Jiangsu Province. It shows good integrat- ed characteristics, stable male sterility, good flowering habits, high out crossing rate, strong disease resistance, fine grain quality （reaching the 1st class of national standards for fine quality rice） and high combining ability. In 2012, it was technically identified in Jiangsu Province. Its F1 hybrid combination Tongyoujingl （Yangfujing 7 A/R98）, showing high yield and good grain quality, was registered and released to commercial production by Jiangsu Crop Variety Appraisal Committee in 2013.

Prospect of the QTL-qSB-9^(Tq) utilized in molecular breeding program of japonica rice against sheath blight

The major QTL-qSB-9^Tq conferring partial resistance to rice （Oryza sativa L.） sheath blight （Rhizoctonia solani Kvhn） has been verified on chromosome 9 of the indica rice cultivar, Teqing. In this study, the prospect of this QTL utilized in molecular breeding program of japonica rice for sheath blight resistance was investigated. Most of the japonica rice cultivars showed lower level of sheath blight resistance than the indica rice cultivars. At the corresponding site of qSB-9^Tq, nine typical japonica rice cultivars from different ecological regions or countries proved to possess the susceptible allele（s）. Introgression of qSB-9^Tq into these cultivars enhanced their resistance level by decreasing sheath blight score of 1.0 （0.5-1.3）, which indicated that qSB-9^Tq had a large potential in strengthening the resistance of japonica rice to sheath blight. The use of the three molecular markers, which were polymorphic between Teqing and many japonica rice cultivars, promotes the application of qSB-9^Tq in a concrete molecular breeding program.

Research progress on the breeding of japonica super rice varieties in Jiangsu Province,China

In this study we report the results of a decade-long breeding program for japonica super rice made by Nanjing Branch of Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement in Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences. We concluded that selection of parents with good comprehensive traits and complementary advantages and disadvantages of both parents in the hybrid combination, and early selection of high heritability traits in earlier segregating generations could significantly improve the breeding efficiency. The use of closely-linked functional markers in pyramiding of multiple genes could greatly increase breeding efficiency, avoiding time-consuming and laborious steps that were used in traditional breeding program. It is also important to coordinate the yield components with variety characteristics such as yield stability, wide adaptability, lodging resistance, and an attractive grain appearance during late growth stage of rice.

The breeding of japonica rice in northern China: An 11-year study(2006–2016)

The world’s population is facing food shortages due to climate change and the competition for arable land between food and energy crops.Many national and international projects to develop"super rice"cultivars were established in recent decades to attain a‘third leap forward’in rice production.In order to evaluate the breeding process in northern China,an 11-year tracking survey of japonica rice breeding,which involved a total of 520 rice accessions and 67 test plots,was completed in this study.The results showed that the yields of these accessions had increased stably,which was similar to control check varieties(CKs).The breeding strategy reduced the panicle number and increased the grain number per panicle through an increase of spikelet density(number of grains per centimeter on the panicle).This high spikelet density benefits not only the yield but also the blast resistance and amylose content.At higher latitudes,the preferred rice accessions had slim grain shape and extended growth period.In the middle latitudes among the test plots,the breeders focused on reducing the amylose content to improve the cooking quality of the rice accessions.Yield and blast resistance were the two highest priorities during the breeding selection process.The present study evaluated the breeding process in northern China during the last decade,which may lead to new insights into the future of rice breeding.

Status of genetic studies and breeding of Saccharina japonica in China

Saccharina japonica is one of the most important economic brown seaweeds.It is intensively cultivated on large scales in a number of Asian countries.The current annual,global production is about 8 million tons valued as about 4 million US dollars.Considerable efforts have been made to S.japonica in China since the 1950s on its cultivation.To further advance the cultivation of this species,detailed research of genetics and breeding studies are required.Recently,with the advancement of sequencing techniques,the genomics and comparative transcriptomics data were yielded,and quantitative trait locus(QTL)mapping has been conducted,along with genetic linkage maps constructed to this species.New strains have been bred and selected,with better characteristics,e.g.higher seawater temperature resistances and higher yields.In this review,we present the current status of genetic and breeding studies that have been performed to S.japonica in China,and provide guidelines for future developments in the areas of genetic selection and breeding for this species.

Technique for Ecological Pond Breeding of Charybdis japonica

In 2016 and 2017,the ecological pond breeding experiment of Charybdis japonica was carried out,with a total of experimental area up to 4 ha.Through two years of experimental research,it obtained a total of 48950 kg of C.japonica,with an average output of 12237.5 kg/ha.The production output value was 2.3675 million yuan,the total production cost was 831700 yuan,the net profit was 1.5358 million yuan,the average profit was 384000 yuan/ha,and the input-output ratio was 1∶2.85.The average proportion of C.japonica population with a production weight of 150 g or more was 7.9%.The proportion of the group of 120-150 g was relatively large,with an average of 80%in two years,and the proportion of the group below 120 g was relatively small,with an average of 12%in two years.The cumulative harvest of shellfish in two years was 65700 kg,with an average output of 16425 kg/ha,the production output value of 738100 yuan,the production cost of 295500 yuan,the net profit of 442600 yuan,and the average profit of 110700 yuan/ha.

Breeding of New Japonica-indica Hybrid Rice Combination Chunyou 284

Chunyou 284 is a medium- japonica hybrid combination,as well as an indica-japonica subspecific hyrbid with super-high yield,which was developed from Chunjiang 23A,a thermo-sensitive CMS line with very early anthesis time,and C84,an indica-japonica intermediate type restorer line with wide compatibility.This combination has the advantages of high yield potential,early maturity,excellent comprehensive agronomic traits and wide adaptability.It was approved by Jiangsu Provincial Crop Variety Approval Committee in June,2018.The breeding process,main characteristics,cultivation techniques and seed production points of the combination were introduced.

Breeding of near-isogenic japonica rice lines with three major genes for resistance to bacterial blight

From 1986 to 1993, a set of near-isogenic japonicarice Iines with three major genes Xα-3, Xα - 4,and Xα-12 for resistance to bacterial blight(Xan-thomonas oryzae pv.oryzae)were developed anddesignated as CBB3, CBB4, and CBB12 respective-

Breeding and Application of a Japonic Rice Cytoplasmic Male Sterility Line, E-Jing A

The Chaling wild abortive type （CL-type） cytoplasmic male sterile line, E-Jing A, was characterized by stable sterility with a sterile plant percentage of 100%, a pollen sterile degree of 98% with dominated typical abortive pollens, and showed the characteristics of good outcrossing with a stigma exsertion rate of 48.2% and an outcrossing rate varied from 30% to 50%, good combining ability, and fine grain quality. E-Jing A was sensitive to temperature. Its duration from sowing to heading was 78-90 d when it was sown from mid May to early June at Wuhan. The breeding procedure of E-Jing A and its characteristics, relationship of restoring and maintaining were introduced.

Status and Prospects of Hybrid Rice Breeding in Jiangsu, China

Research on hybrid rice in Jiangsu Province, China began in 1970. Great progress has been made since then, which can be divided into three stages according to the development of hybrid rice breeding and production in Jiangsu Province. The first stage was beginning stage from 1970 to 1980, when progress was mainly made in cytoplasmic male sterile line breeding. The second stage could be described as developing stage, from 1980 to 1995, when indica hybrid rice was rapidly popularized, and japonica hybrid rice became popular later. From 1996, hybrid rice breeding in Jiangsu Province entered the third stage, when both indica and japonica hybrid rice breeding in the three-line system or intersubspecific hybrid rice breeding in the two-line system made a great breakthrough with the successful breeding of the hybrids Feyou 559, 9 You 138 and Liangyoupeijiu. The developing trend of hybrid rice breeding in Jiangsu Province is also discussed.

日本刺沙蚕Neanthes japonica (Iznka)大规模育苗的初步研究

结合生产实践 ,模拟野外温度、盐度等环境条件 ,在较大规模的育苗池环境条件下 ,对日本刺沙蚕胚胎和发育作了生殖生物学的观察和描述 。

山茶属华东山茶(Camellia japonica L.)研究进展

山茶属华东山茶(Camellia japonica)是我国的传统名花,从生殖生物学、细胞染色体、遗传多样性、育种方法、繁殖技术、化学成分、园林观赏价值、生态价值、食用、油用及药用价值等方面对华东山茶的研究进展进行综述,并对华东山茶未来的育种方向和开发前景进行展望。将现代分子育种与传统育种手段结合运用,同时进一步深入挖掘华东山茶的油用和药用价值并对其合理地开发利用是未来的主要发展方向。

Grain quality changes and responses to nitrogen fertilizer of japonica rice cultivars released in the Yangtze River Basin from the 1950s to 2000s

While the yield potential of rice has increased but little is known about the impact of breeding on grain quality, especially under different levels of N availability. In order to investigate the integrated effects of breeding and N levels on rice quality 12 japonica rice cultivars bred in the past60 years in the Yangtze River Basin were used with three levels of N: 0 kg N ha-1, 240 kg N ha-1,and 360 kg N ha-1. During the period, milling quality(brown rice percentage, milled rice percentage, and head rice percentage), appearance quality(chalky kernels percentage, chalky size, and chalkiness), and eating and cooking quality(amylose content, gel consistency, peak viscosity, breakdown, and setback) were significantly improved, but the nutritive value of the grain has declined due to a reduction in protein content. Micronutrients, such as Cu, Mg, and S contents, were decreased, and Fe, Mn, Zn, Na, Ca, K, P, B contents were increased. These changes in grain quality imply that simultaneous improvements in grain yield and grain quality are possible through selection. Overall, application of N fertilizer decreased grain quality, especially in terms of eating and cooking quality. Under higher N levels, higher protein content was the main reason for deterioration of grain quality, although lower amylose content might contribute to improving starch pasting properties. These results suggest that further improvement in grain quality will depend on both breeding and cultivation practices, especially in regard to nitrogen and water management.

Genetic Improvement and Biological Characteristic Analysis of Dwarf Abortive TypeJaponicaCMS Lines with Wide Compatibility

From the view of methodology for genetic improvement ofJaponicacytoplasmic male sterile(CMS) lines,we introduced the breeding process of the dwarf-abortive type(DA type)JaponicaCMS line Chunjiang 95A with wide compatibility,and further investigated the biological characteristics of the DA type Chunjiang 95A and its isonuclear alloplasmic CMS line Dian-I type Chunjiang 95A.The results show that DA type Chunjiang 95A is a japonicalinous CMS line and mainly typical abortive,which is better in fertility stability than stained abortive typeJaponica CMS lines.The DA type Chunjiang 95A is featured with high stigma exsertion,good flowering habit,high outcrossing rate and wide compatibility.Its recoverability differs from stained abortive typeJaponicaCMS lines.Moreover,we discussed genetic improvement of the typical abortive type JaponicaCMS lines and the application prospects of heterosis.

Review and Prospect on Japonica Hybrid Rice Research in Anhui Province, China

The breeding history and commercial exploitation of japonica hybrid rice in Anhu decades were reviewed. Besides, the bottleneck problems restricting the development of summarized, and corresponding technological countermeasures were proposed. Province, China over the last three japonica hybrid rice in China were

粳型水稻三系雄性不育系竹稻08A的选育及应用

竹稻08A系福建省农业科学院水稻研究所育成的粳型三系不育系,于2023年通过福建省农作物品种审定委员会鉴定。该不育系不育性彻底,株叶形态好,抗倒性强,配合力好。本文介绍了不育系竹稻08A选育过程、主要生物学特性及所配制杂交水稻新品种的表现,以期为该不育系配组及推广应用提供参考。

龙粳31大面积推广原因分析及其对黑龙江粳稻育种的启示

黑龙江省地域广阔,气候环境复杂多样,各地域间积温差异显著,给水稻品种选育和大规模推广带来了挑战。龙粳31是21世纪以来我国年推广面积和累计推广面积最大的粳稻品种。该品种以其高产稳产、抗病耐冷、生态广适、米优耐储等优点,打破了空育131在黑龙江长达10年之久的主导地位。本文结合黑龙江省粳稻育种现状,深入分析龙粳31大面积推广的原因,以供今后育种开展。

水稻新品种鲁资稻14号的选育及配套栽培技术

鲁资稻14号是山东省农业科学院以W1304为母本、圣稻13为父本有性杂交后,经南繁北育选育而成的中早熟粳稻品种。该品种优质高产、较抗稻瘟病,且株型紧凑、株高中等、耐肥抗倒、不早衰、熟相好,适宜于机插秧等轻简栽培方式。该品种于2022年通过山东省农作物品种审定委员会审定,适宜在鲁南、鲁西南稻区及江苏北部、安徽北部地区种植。从播种、移栽、水肥管理、病虫草害防治等方面总结了鲁资稻14号的栽培技术要点。

2019-2024年安徽省审定粳稻情况分析与育种研究

分析2019—2024年安徽省审定粳稻的亲本来源、品种类型以及在区试中的农艺性状、产量、米质和抗性表现,研究安徽省粳稻品种选育和审定工作有待加强的方面。结果显示,迟熟中粳品种提高产量主要选育穗型较大且整齐的类型,早熟中粳品种选育穗粒兼顾的品种,晚粳品种应注重选育早生快发、分蘖力强而多穗类型的品种。

早熟晚粳糯稻新品种扬粳糯5号的选育与应用

扬粳糯5号是江苏里下河地区农业科学研究所以高产糯稻品系镇稻622为母本、优质广适糯稻品种镇糯19号为父本进行杂交,结合稻瘟病抗性基因和米香基因的分子标记辅助选择培育成的优质高产抗病早熟晚粳糯稻新品种。扬粳糯5号全生育期153.9d,株高97.6cm,每亩有效穗21.6万,每穗总粒数120-140粒,结实率90%以上,千粒重27~28g。抗稻瘟病,中感白叶枯病,感纹枯病;稻米品质达农业行业《食用稻品种品质》一级标准。2021年通过江苏省农作物品种审定委员会审定,同时通过安徽省和浙江省引种备案,适宜在江苏、安徽、浙江等省沿江及江南地区种植。