Lilies are widely cultivated for cut flowers,but their large anthers carry a considerable amount of colored pollen that is dispersed easily.Studying the molecular mechanism of anther development and dehiscence could h...Lilies are widely cultivated for cut flowers,but their large anthers carry a considerable amount of colored pollen that is dispersed easily.Studying the molecular mechanism of anther development and dehiscence could help solve this problem.LoMYB21,encoding a putative R2R3v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog(MYB)transcription factor,was identified from oriental lilies(Lilium‘Siberia’).Real-time quantitative PCR analysis showed that LoMYB21 was mainly expressed in the anther,filament and stigma and had high expression during the late stages of lily anther development.LoMYB21 had transactivation activity and was located in the nucleus through yeast one-hybrid assays and transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana.Suppression of LoMYB21 by virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS)in Lilium‘Siberia’led to anther indehiscence and reduced the expression of genes related to Jasmonate acid(JA)biosynthesis and signal transduction.Induction of LoMYB21 in DEX::LoMYB21 transgenic Arabidopsis caused procumbent inflorescences that became infertile,accompanied by higher expression of JA biosynthetic and signaling genes.These results demonstrated that JA content and signaling were abnormal in silenced lily and transgenic LoMYB21 Arabidopsis,which affected anther development.Our study indicated that LoMYB21 could regulate lily anther dehiscence through JA biosynthesis and signaling during the late stages of anther development.展开更多
Seed germination is a complex trait regulated by multiple genes in rice.However,the regulators of rice seed germination have yet to be sufficiently determined.Here,a quantitative trait locus(QTL)for rice seed germinat...Seed germination is a complex trait regulated by multiple genes in rice.However,the regulators of rice seed germination have yet to be sufficiently determined.Here,a quantitative trait locus(QTL)for rice seed germination was identified in a genome-wide association study.The candidate gene JASMONATE ZIM-DOMAIN 5(OsJAZ5)of the QTL was verified that positively regulates seed germination.OsJAZ5 regulation of seed germination involves an OsABI3-mediated abscisic acid pathway.Overexpression of OsJAZ5 facilitated seed germination.The application of OsJAZ5 might be useful for increasing seed germination for rice direct seeding.展开更多
Onion plants form spherical bulbs under long-day conditions.Substances regulating bulb formation remain unknown.In the course of chemical studies on the bulb formation,α-linolenic acid was isolated from onion extract...Onion plants form spherical bulbs under long-day conditions.Substances regulating bulb formation remain unknown.In the course of chemical studies on the bulb formation,α-linolenic acid was isolated from onion extracts as an antibulbing substance,the amount of which was synchronized with the bulb formation.Since allene oxide synthase inhibitor canceled the antibulbing activity ofα-linolenic acid,it was disclosed that jasmonic acid concerns this regulation.Structure-activity-relationship study revealed that its(3R,7S)stereochemistry is necessary for showing its antibulbing activity.It is concluded that(3R,7S)-jasmonate derived fromα-linolenic acid actually participates in the regulation of bulb formation.展开更多
Verticillium wilt,caused by Verticillium dahliae,seriously restricts the yield and quality improvement of cotton.Previous studies have revealed the involvement of WRKY members in plant defense against V.dahliae,but th...Verticillium wilt,caused by Verticillium dahliae,seriously restricts the yield and quality improvement of cotton.Previous studies have revealed the involvement of WRKY members in plant defense against V.dahliae,but the underlying mechanisms involved need to be further elucidated.Here,we demonstrated that Gossypium hirsutum WRKY DNA-binding protein 33(GhWRKY33) functions as a negative regulator in plant defense against V.dahliae.GhWRKY33 expression is induced rapidly by V.dahliae and methyl jasmonate,and overexpression of GhWRKY33 reduces plant tolerance to V.dahliae in Arabidopsis.Quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that expression of several JA-associated genes was significantly repressed in GhWRKY33 overexpressing transgenic plants.Yeast one-hybrid analysis revealed that GhWRKY33 may repress the transcription of both AtERF1 and GhERF2 through its binding to their promoters.Protein-protein interaction analysis suggested that GhWRKY33 interacts with G.hirsutum JASMONATE ZIM-domain protein 3(GhJAZ3).Similarly,overexpression of GhJAZ3 also decreases plant tolerance to V.dahliae.Furthermore,GhJAZ3 acts synergistically with GhWRKY33 to suppress both AtERF1 and GhERF2 expression.Our results imply that GhWRKY33 may negatively regulate plant tolerance to V.dahliae via the JA-mediated signaling pathway.展开更多
Atmospheric CO_(2)concentration is elevated globally,which has“CO_(2)fertilization effects”and potentially improves plant photosynthesis,yield,and productivity.Despite the beneficial effect of CO_(2)fertilization be...Atmospheric CO_(2)concentration is elevated globally,which has“CO_(2)fertilization effects”and potentially improves plant photosynthesis,yield,and productivity.Despite the beneficial effect of CO_(2)fertilization being modulated by vapor pressure deficit(VPD),the underlying mechanism is highly uncertain.In the present study,the potential roles of hormones in determining CO_(2)fertilization effects under contrasting high and low VPD conditions were investigated by integrated physiological and transcriptomic analyses.Beneficial CO_(2)fertilization effects were offset under high VPD conditions and were constrained by plant water stress and photosynthetic CO_(2)utilization.High VPD induced a large passive water driving force,which disrupted the water balance and consequently caused plant water deficit.Leaf water potential,turgor pressure,and hydraulic conductance declined under high VPD stress.The physiological evidence combined with transcriptomic analyses demonstrated that abscisic acid(ABA)and jasmonic acid(JA)potentially acted as drought-signaling molecules in response to high VPD stress.Increased foliar ABA and JA content triggered stomatal closure to prevent excessive water loss under high VPD stress,which simultaneously increased the diffusion resistance for CO_(2)uptake from atmosphere to leaf intercellular space.High VPD also significantly increased mesophyll resistance for CO_(2)transport from stomatal cavity to fixation site inside chloroplast.The chloroplast“sink”CO_(2)availability was constrained by stomatal and mesophyll resistance under high VPD stress,despite the atmospheric“source”CO_(2)concentration being elevated.Thus,ABA-and JA-mediated drought-resistant mechanisms potentially modified the beneficial effect of CO_(2)fertilization on photosynthesis,plant growth,and yield productivity.This study provides valuable information for improving the utilization efficiency of CO_(2)fertilization and a better understanding of the physiological processes.展开更多
The contents of seven different phenolic acids such as gallic acid, catechinic acid, pyrocatechol, caffeic acid, coumaric acid, ferulic acid and benzoic acid in the poplar leaves (Populus Simonii×Populus Pyramib...The contents of seven different phenolic acids such as gallic acid, catechinic acid, pyrocatechol, caffeic acid, coumaric acid, ferulic acid and benzoic acid in the poplar leaves (Populus Simonii×Populus Pyramibalis c.v and Populus deltoids) suffocated by Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and Methyl salicylate (MeSA) were monitored for analyzing their functions in interplant communications by using high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC).The results showed that the contents of phenolic acids had obviously difference in leaves exposed to either MeSA or MeJA.When P.deltoides leaves exposed to MeJA or MeSA, the level of gallic acid, coumaric acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid and benzoic acid was increased, gallic acid in leaves treated with MeJA comes to a peak at 24 h while to a peak at 12-d having leaves treated with MeSA.When P.Simonii ×P.Pyramibalis c.v leaves were exposed to MeJA or MeSA, the level of gallic acid, pyrocatechol and ferulic acid was increased; The catechinic acid and benzoic acid had a little drop; The caffeic acid and coumaric acid were undetected in both suffocated and control leaves.This changed pattern indicated that MeJA and MeSA can act as airborne signals to induce defense response of plants.展开更多
[Objective] This study was carried out to determine the induction effect of jasmonic acid(JA)on powdery mildew resistance in wheat,the activation effect on the expressions of plant disease resistance related genes,a...[Objective] This study was carried out to determine the induction effect of jasmonic acid(JA)on powdery mildew resistance in wheat,the activation effect on the expressions of plant disease resistance related genes,and to investigate the relationship between the induced resistance and the gene expression patterns.[Method] Three powdery mildew susceptible cultivars of "Chinese Spring","Pumai 9" and "Zhoumai 18" typically representing different phenotypes in the field were employed.The powdery mildew was assessed by detached leaf assay,and real time quantitative RT-PCR was used to determine the expression patterns of 9 disease resistance related genes of PR1(PR1.1),PR2(β,1-3 glucanase),PR3(chitinase),PR4(wheatwin1),PR5(thaumatin-like protein),PR9(TaPERO,peroxidase),PR10,TaGLP2a(germin-like)and Ta-JA2(jasmonate-induced protein)in leaf of the three cultivars.[Result] MeJA application enhanced the powdery mildew resistances of "Chinese Spring","Pumai 9" and "Zhoumai 18".The induced powdery mildew resistance could be detected from 12 h to 96 h after MeJA treatment,and the peak value was at 24 h.Though there were differences between the three cultivars,MeJA significantly effect on the expressions of the 8 disease resistance related genes except TaGLP2a,and the peak values were at 12 h,24 h or 48 h after treatments.The strongest activation of MeJA was on PR9 and PR1 that their expressions could reach more than 100 times of the untreated samples.MeJA strongly activated PR2、PR4、PR5、PR3、PR10 and Ta-JA2,their expression could reach 10 to 70 times,and there was almost no activation effect on TaGLP2a.The induced powdery mildew resistance positively correlated with the induced expressions of the 8 disease related genes.[Conclusion] The induced powdery mildew resistance positively correlated with the induced expressions of the disease related genes.Jasmonate signalling plays a role in defence against Blumeria graminis f.sp.tritici.and future manipulation of this pathway may improve powdery mildew resistance in wheat.展开更多
Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) is a plant-signaling molecule that regulates plant morphogenesis and expression of plant defense genes. To determine the role of the endogenous MeJA levels in the development of plants, trans...Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) is a plant-signaling molecule that regulates plant morphogenesis and expression of plant defense genes. To determine the role of the endogenous MeJA levels in the development of plants, transgenic soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] plants harboring NTR1 gene encoding for jasmonic acid carboxyl methyltransferase (JMT) were produced. The activation of NTR1 gene expression resulted in the production of MeJA. Overexpression of the NTR1 cDNA under the regulation of cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter in the transgenic soybean plants was confirmed using Northern blot analysis. The significant differences in leaf and root growth patterns were observed between the transgenic plants and the wild-type plants. The leaves of the transgenic plants were slightly elongated in length but dramatically narrowed in width compared with the nontrans-formed wild-type plants. In addition, elongation of primary root was inhibited in the overexpressed transgenic soybean plantlets, whereas the development of lateral root was stimulated relative to the nontransformed plants. The leaves of the transgenic plants showed 2-2.5-fold higher levels of MeJA than the control plants. These results indicated that the increased endogenous levels of MeJA is involved in regulation of morphogenesis in soybean plants.展开更多
Zhaohui peaches(Prunus persica Batsch)were treated with 0(CK), 1, 10 or 100 μmol L-1 methyl jasmonate(MeJA)vapor at 20℃ for 24 h before stored at 0℃ for 35 d. The untreated fruits showed chilling injury(CD symptoms...Zhaohui peaches(Prunus persica Batsch)were treated with 0(CK), 1, 10 or 100 μmol L-1 methyl jasmonate(MeJA)vapor at 20℃ for 24 h before stored at 0℃ for 35 d. The untreated fruits showed chilling injury(CD symptoms after 4 wk of storage, as indicated by increased fruit firmness and reduced ex-tractable juice, which is referred as leatheriness. Treatment with 1 and 10 μmol L-1 MeJA promoted normal ripening and softening, maintained higher levels of extractable juice, titratable acidity, pectinesterase(PE)and polygalacturonase(PC)activities, inhibited increases in fruit fresh weight loss, decay incidence, electrolyte leakage and MDA content, and improved color development, thereby preventing chilling injury symptoms development and maintaining edible quality. MeJA treatment also delayed the climacteric rise in respiratory rate, but promoted ethylene production during the later period of cold storage, suggesting that ethylene may involve in CI development of peaches. These results indicate that 1 and 10 μmol L-1 MeJA treatments could be used to reduce CI development and decay incidence in peaches.展开更多
Jasmonic acid (JA) is a fatty acid-derived signaling molecule that regulates a broad range of plant defense responses against herbivores and some microbial pathogens. Molecular genetic studies have established that ...Jasmonic acid (JA) is a fatty acid-derived signaling molecule that regulates a broad range of plant defense responses against herbivores and some microbial pathogens. Molecular genetic studies have established that JA also performs a critical role in several aspects of plant development. Here, we describe the characterization of the Arabidopsis mutantjasmonic acid-hypersensitivel-1 (jah1-1), which is defective in several aspects of JA responses. Although the mutant exhibits increased sensitivity to JA in root growth inhibition, it shows decreased expression of JA-inducible defense genes and reduced resistance to the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea. Gene cloning studies indicate that these defects are caused by a mutation in the cytochrome P450 protein CYP82C2. We provide evidence showing that the compromised resistance of thejah1-1 mutant to B. cinerea is accompanied by decreased expression of JA-induced defense genes and reduced accumulation of JA-induced indole glucosinolates (IGs). Conversely, the enhanced resistance to B. cinerea in CYP82C2-overexpressing plants is accompanied by increased expression of JA-induced defense genes and elevated levels of JA-induced IGs. We demonstrate that CYP82C2 affects JA-induced accumulation of the IG biosynthetic precursor tryptophan (Trp), but not the JA-induced IAA or pathogen-induced camalexin. Together, our results support a hypothesis that CYP82C2 may act in the metabolism of Trp-derived secondary metabolites under conditions in which JA levels are elevated. Thejah1-1 mutant should thus be important in future studies toward understanding the mechanisms underlying the complexity of JA-mediated differential responses, which are important for plants to adapt their growth to the ever-changing environments.展开更多
The roles of on endogenous jasmonates (JAs) and salicylic acid (SA) in wounding response were investigated. Pea (Pisum sativum L.) seedlings were treated with three different methods including mechanical woundin...The roles of on endogenous jasmonates (JAs) and salicylic acid (SA) in wounding response were investigated. Pea (Pisum sativum L.) seedlings were treated with three different methods including mechanical wounding, JAs application, and SA application. The contents of endogenous JAs and SA, as well as the activities of the related enzymes were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and spectrophotometer, respectively. The results showed that endogenous JA rapidly accumulated within 30 min after wounding. The increase in the activities of both lipoxygenase (LOX) and allene oxide synthase (AOS) lagged behind JAs burst. A second slight increase in JAs level was observed at 24 h after wounding treatment, and at the same time point, higher activities of LOX and AOS were also detected. Endogenous free SA content decreased accompanied with JAs burst. Effects of exogenous JA application were similar to those of wounding treatment on endogenous SA level and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity, whereas exogenous SA application led to the significant inhibition of LOX and AOS activities and the decrease of endogenous JAs level at the early stage of treatment. It is thus suggested that JAs burst and SA decrease in early response to wounding may constitute an important mechanism by which plant starts the related defense reaction and adapts to wounding stress.展开更多
A pot-culture study was undertaken to investigate the possible role of Methyl jasmonate (MeJA)-treatment on the earlier vegetative growth stage and different chemical constituents of maize cultivar (Giza-2) plants sub...A pot-culture study was undertaken to investigate the possible role of Methyl jasmonate (MeJA)-treatment on the earlier vegetative growth stage and different chemical constituents of maize cultivar (Giza-2) plants subjected to water stress. The grains were divided into two groups: first group was pre-soaked in water, and the second one was pre-soaked in 50 μM MeJA for 8 h. The plants were subjected to different levels of water field capacity (WFC) 65%, 55% and 45%. The results showed that pre-soaking maize grains with MeJA led to increases in plant growth criteria evident in terms of plant height, fresh and dry weight of plant. The pigment levels concomitantly with total carbohydrates, total soluble sugar, polysaccharides, as well as free amino acids, proline and total protein content were markedly increased. Moreover, the application of the investigated MeJA significantly improved growth hormone in terms of IAA. In contrast ABA level was markedly declined in maize plant. The activities of oxidative CAT, POX and SOD were also increased with MeJA. In addition, the N, P and K content was increased significantly in shoot. As a conclusion, soaking maize grains with MeJA could alleviate the harmful effects of water stress.展开更多
Lyantria dispar larvae were fed with the leaves of Populus deltoids seedlings exposed to methyl jasmonate (MeJA) for 24 h. The growth and development of the larvae were investigated, and phenolics contents in treate...Lyantria dispar larvae were fed with the leaves of Populus deltoids seedlings exposed to methyl jasmonate (MeJA) for 24 h. The growth and development of the larvae were investigated, and phenolics contents in treated leaves including pyrocatechol, caffeic acid, coumarin, fernlic acid and benzoic acid were also surveyed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results indicated that approximate digestibility, efficiency of conversion of ingested food, efficiency of conversion of digested food, and weight of the larvae were inhibited obviously, especially from the sixth day, which may result from the increase of total phenolics contents in treated leaves. This result provides strong supports for MeJA acting as the airborne signal molecule between woody plants.展开更多
We evaluated the biomass and ergosterol content of Hericium erinaceus mycelium, and extracellular enzyme activities in H. erinaceus liquid culture following salicylic acid(SA) and methyl jasmonic acid(Me JA)supple...We evaluated the biomass and ergosterol content of Hericium erinaceus mycelium, and extracellular enzyme activities in H. erinaceus liquid culture following salicylic acid(SA) and methyl jasmonic acid(Me JA)supplementation. The optimal SA concentration was100 lmoláL-1, where the highest ergosterol content of 2.33 mgág-1was obtained following 6-day cultivation with100 lmoláL-1SA supplementation, and which was significantly higher than the unsupplemented control(p / 0.01). Following 4-day supplementation with50 lmoláL-1Me JA, the highest ergosterol content obtained was 1.988 mgág-1, which was 25.8 % higher than the unsupplemented control. Our data indicate that SA and Me JA supplementation improves ergosterol content in H.erinaceus mycelium.展开更多
The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of methyl jasmonate(Me JA)dipping treatment on mitochondrial energy metabolism and quality parameters of Nanguo pears during room temperature storage.The resu...The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of methyl jasmonate(Me JA)dipping treatment on mitochondrial energy metabolism and quality parameters of Nanguo pears during room temperature storage.The results showed that Me JA treatment suppressed the respiration rate and weight loss,and maintained the flesh firmness of Nanguo pears.Me JA also effectively maintained the content of ascorbic acid and titratable acidity in the fruit.Furthermore,the activities of H^(+)-ATPase,Ca^(2+)-ATPase,succinate dehydrogenase(SDH)and cytochrome C oxidase(CCO)of the Me JA-treated fruit were significantly higher than those of the untreated fruit.The contents of adenosine triphosphate(ATP)and adenosine diphosphate(ADP)and the energy charge were also enhanced by Me JA treatment.These results suggest that postharvest Me JA treatment could maintain the quality of Nanguo pears,in part by modulating mitochondrial energy metabolism during room temperature storage.展开更多
Although patatin was initially identified as a major storage protein in potato tubers, patatin-like proteins(PLPs) have been recently reported to be widely present in many plant species and shown to be involved in pla...Although patatin was initially identified as a major storage protein in potato tubers, patatin-like proteins(PLPs) have been recently reported to be widely present in many plant species and shown to be involved in plant-pathogen interactions. However, it is not clear whether PLPs are involved in Nicotiana attenuata resistance against the necrotrophic fungal pathogen, Alternaria alternata. In this study we identified a NaPLP gene, whose expression was highly elicited by A. alternata inoculation. Silencing NaPLP enhanced N. attenuata resistance to A. alternata, which was associated with higher induction levels of JA and ethylene biosynthetic genes, NaACS1, NaACO1 and NaLOX3. The induction of NaPLP expression by the fungus was abolished in JA-deficient plants and significantly reduced in ethylene-insensitive plants. In addition, NaPLP transcripts were highly induced by exogenous treatment with either methyl jasmonate(MeJA) or ethephon. Co-treatment with MeJA and ethephon led to a much higher induction level of NaPLP transcripts, and this synergistic induction was largely dependent on endogenous JA and ethylene signaling pathways. Thus, we conclude that the NaPLP gene is elicited by A. alternata via JA and ethylene signaling pathways in a synergistic way; however, unlike other JA-and ethylene-induced defense genes,NaPLP negatively affects plant resistance to the fungus likely by suppressing JA and ethylene biosynthetic gene expression.展开更多
In order to elucidate the contributions of JA in orchestrating disease resistance in potato plants,the potato genotype‘SD20’,which exhibits strong resistance against the highly virulent Phytophthora infestans isolat...In order to elucidate the contributions of JA in orchestrating disease resistance in potato plants,the potato genotype‘SD20’,which exhibits strong resistance against the highly virulent Phytophthora infestans isolate CN152,while infected by the super virulent isolate 2013-18-306,was treated with exogenous JA and then challenged by inoculation with 2013-18-306.The results showed that exogenously applied JA significantly delayed the onset and alleviated the symptoms of late blight,indicating exogenous JA could induce resistance to P.infestans in the early biotrophic stage of infection in‘SD20’plants.To further clarify the role of JA in the early defense response and identify key genes involved in JA signal transduction,gene expression profiling via RNA sequencing(RNA-seq)in‘SD20’plants treated with exogenously applied JA was performed.A total of 2927 differentially expressed genes were specifically induced,the majority encoded transcription factors,protein kinases,secondary metabolites,defense enzymes and disease resistance related proteins.GO functional annotation and KEGG metabolic pathway analysis showed that exogenously applied JA rapidly induced the expression of genes related to immune response regulation,pathogen defense,and other biological processes,and stimulated endogenous JA synthesis and signal transduction,and the overall early pathogen defense response in‘SD20’.These results provide useful information in understanding the JA’s function involved in pathogen defense responses and a theoretical basis for the application of JA in potato production.展开更多
High temperature (HT) stress has become one of the most detrimental stresses in crop production among constantly changing environmental factors.Exploiting approaches to enhance crop thermotolerance would have great si...High temperature (HT) stress has become one of the most detrimental stresses in crop production among constantly changing environmental factors.Exploiting approaches to enhance crop thermotolerance would have great significance in assuaging adverse effects of HT stress on crop growth and development.As jasmonates (JAs) and brassinosteroids (BRs) are novel phytohormones and play important roles in responses to biotic and abiotic stresses and in a wide range of plant developmental processes,this paper reviewed the roles and mechanisms of JAs and BRs in mitigating HT stress,with focus on rice (Oryza sativa L.) subjected to HT stress during anthesis.It is demonstrated that JAs alleviate spikelet-opening impairment and BRs ameliorate pistil fertilization ability under HT stress during anthesis of rice,although there are controversial observations.Activating the defense system,enhancing osmotic regulation,protecting photosynthesis,and interacting with other phytohormones,especially with ethylene and abscisic acid,are main physiological mechanisms by which JAs or BRs attenuate HT stress to plants.Elevating levels of JAs or BRs in plants could be considered as an important approach to enhance crop thermotolerance through breeding new varieties.Using JAs or BRs as chemical regulators and adopting proper water and nitrogen management practices could reduce the harm of HT stress to rice.Further research is needed to elucidate the roles of JAs and BRs in different plant tissues in responses to HT stress under different genetic backgrounds and environments,reveal the molecular mechanism underlying JAs and BRs mediating HT stress,understand the cross-talk between phytohormones in modulating HT stress,and establish integrated crop management to minimize the hazard of HT stress in rice production.展开更多
基金funded by National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2020YFD1000402,2018YFD1000400)Chinese Universities Scientific Fund(Grant Nos.2021TC102,2018QC096).
文摘Lilies are widely cultivated for cut flowers,but their large anthers carry a considerable amount of colored pollen that is dispersed easily.Studying the molecular mechanism of anther development and dehiscence could help solve this problem.LoMYB21,encoding a putative R2R3v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog(MYB)transcription factor,was identified from oriental lilies(Lilium‘Siberia’).Real-time quantitative PCR analysis showed that LoMYB21 was mainly expressed in the anther,filament and stigma and had high expression during the late stages of lily anther development.LoMYB21 had transactivation activity and was located in the nucleus through yeast one-hybrid assays and transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana.Suppression of LoMYB21 by virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS)in Lilium‘Siberia’led to anther indehiscence and reduced the expression of genes related to Jasmonate acid(JA)biosynthesis and signal transduction.Induction of LoMYB21 in DEX::LoMYB21 transgenic Arabidopsis caused procumbent inflorescences that became infertile,accompanied by higher expression of JA biosynthetic and signaling genes.These results demonstrated that JA content and signaling were abnormal in silenced lily and transgenic LoMYB21 Arabidopsis,which affected anther development.Our study indicated that LoMYB21 could regulate lily anther dehiscence through JA biosynthesis and signaling during the late stages of anther development.
基金supported by the Hainan Province Science and Technology Special Fund,China(ZDYF2023XDNY086)the Project of Sanya Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City,China(SCKJ-JYRC-2022-87)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China(2023A1515012052,2023A1515012092)the Science and Technology Project of Guangzhou,China(2023A04J0749,2023A04J1452).
文摘Seed germination is a complex trait regulated by multiple genes in rice.However,the regulators of rice seed germination have yet to be sufficiently determined.Here,a quantitative trait locus(QTL)for rice seed germination was identified in a genome-wide association study.The candidate gene JASMONATE ZIM-DOMAIN 5(OsJAZ5)of the QTL was verified that positively regulates seed germination.OsJAZ5 regulation of seed germination involves an OsABI3-mediated abscisic acid pathway.Overexpression of OsJAZ5 facilitated seed germination.The application of OsJAZ5 might be useful for increasing seed germination for rice direct seeding.
基金Supported by the Naito FoundationGrant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (22K05448)from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.
文摘Onion plants form spherical bulbs under long-day conditions.Substances regulating bulb formation remain unknown.In the course of chemical studies on the bulb formation,α-linolenic acid was isolated from onion extracts as an antibulbing substance,the amount of which was synchronized with the bulb formation.Since allene oxide synthase inhibitor canceled the antibulbing activity ofα-linolenic acid,it was disclosed that jasmonic acid concerns this regulation.Structure-activity-relationship study revealed that its(3R,7S)stereochemistry is necessary for showing its antibulbing activity.It is concluded that(3R,7S)-jasmonate derived fromα-linolenic acid actually participates in the regulation of bulb formation.
基金This work was supported by the National key R&D plan(2016YFD0101006)Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects(2019FA010).
文摘Verticillium wilt,caused by Verticillium dahliae,seriously restricts the yield and quality improvement of cotton.Previous studies have revealed the involvement of WRKY members in plant defense against V.dahliae,but the underlying mechanisms involved need to be further elucidated.Here,we demonstrated that Gossypium hirsutum WRKY DNA-binding protein 33(GhWRKY33) functions as a negative regulator in plant defense against V.dahliae.GhWRKY33 expression is induced rapidly by V.dahliae and methyl jasmonate,and overexpression of GhWRKY33 reduces plant tolerance to V.dahliae in Arabidopsis.Quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that expression of several JA-associated genes was significantly repressed in GhWRKY33 overexpressing transgenic plants.Yeast one-hybrid analysis revealed that GhWRKY33 may repress the transcription of both AtERF1 and GhERF2 through its binding to their promoters.Protein-protein interaction analysis suggested that GhWRKY33 interacts with G.hirsutum JASMONATE ZIM-domain protein 3(GhJAZ3).Similarly,overexpression of GhJAZ3 also decreases plant tolerance to V.dahliae.Furthermore,GhJAZ3 acts synergistically with GhWRKY33 to suppress both AtERF1 and GhERF2 expression.Our results imply that GhWRKY33 may negatively regulate plant tolerance to V.dahliae via the JA-mediated signaling pathway.
基金y the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32102466)the Major Scientific Innovation Project of Shandong Province(Grant No.2022CXGC020708).
文摘Atmospheric CO_(2)concentration is elevated globally,which has“CO_(2)fertilization effects”and potentially improves plant photosynthesis,yield,and productivity.Despite the beneficial effect of CO_(2)fertilization being modulated by vapor pressure deficit(VPD),the underlying mechanism is highly uncertain.In the present study,the potential roles of hormones in determining CO_(2)fertilization effects under contrasting high and low VPD conditions were investigated by integrated physiological and transcriptomic analyses.Beneficial CO_(2)fertilization effects were offset under high VPD conditions and were constrained by plant water stress and photosynthetic CO_(2)utilization.High VPD induced a large passive water driving force,which disrupted the water balance and consequently caused plant water deficit.Leaf water potential,turgor pressure,and hydraulic conductance declined under high VPD stress.The physiological evidence combined with transcriptomic analyses demonstrated that abscisic acid(ABA)and jasmonic acid(JA)potentially acted as drought-signaling molecules in response to high VPD stress.Increased foliar ABA and JA content triggered stomatal closure to prevent excessive water loss under high VPD stress,which simultaneously increased the diffusion resistance for CO_(2)uptake from atmosphere to leaf intercellular space.High VPD also significantly increased mesophyll resistance for CO_(2)transport from stomatal cavity to fixation site inside chloroplast.The chloroplast“sink”CO_(2)availability was constrained by stomatal and mesophyll resistance under high VPD stress,despite the atmospheric“source”CO_(2)concentration being elevated.Thus,ABA-and JA-mediated drought-resistant mechanisms potentially modified the beneficial effect of CO_(2)fertilization on photosynthesis,plant growth,and yield productivity.This study provides valuable information for improving the utilization efficiency of CO_(2)fertilization and a better understanding of the physiological processes.
基金This research is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.30170764)
文摘The contents of seven different phenolic acids such as gallic acid, catechinic acid, pyrocatechol, caffeic acid, coumaric acid, ferulic acid and benzoic acid in the poplar leaves (Populus Simonii×Populus Pyramibalis c.v and Populus deltoids) suffocated by Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and Methyl salicylate (MeSA) were monitored for analyzing their functions in interplant communications by using high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC).The results showed that the contents of phenolic acids had obviously difference in leaves exposed to either MeSA or MeJA.When P.deltoides leaves exposed to MeJA or MeSA, the level of gallic acid, coumaric acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid and benzoic acid was increased, gallic acid in leaves treated with MeJA comes to a peak at 24 h while to a peak at 12-d having leaves treated with MeSA.When P.Simonii ×P.Pyramibalis c.v leaves were exposed to MeJA or MeSA, the level of gallic acid, pyrocatechol and ferulic acid was increased; The catechinic acid and benzoic acid had a little drop; The caffeic acid and coumaric acid were undetected in both suffocated and control leaves.This changed pattern indicated that MeJA and MeSA can act as airborne signals to induce defense response of plants.
基金Supported by The Key Project of Science and Technology of HenanProvince(102102110040)Innovation Scientists and the Innovation Fund for Outstanding Scholars of Henan Province(104200510013)~~
文摘[Objective] This study was carried out to determine the induction effect of jasmonic acid(JA)on powdery mildew resistance in wheat,the activation effect on the expressions of plant disease resistance related genes,and to investigate the relationship between the induced resistance and the gene expression patterns.[Method] Three powdery mildew susceptible cultivars of "Chinese Spring","Pumai 9" and "Zhoumai 18" typically representing different phenotypes in the field were employed.The powdery mildew was assessed by detached leaf assay,and real time quantitative RT-PCR was used to determine the expression patterns of 9 disease resistance related genes of PR1(PR1.1),PR2(β,1-3 glucanase),PR3(chitinase),PR4(wheatwin1),PR5(thaumatin-like protein),PR9(TaPERO,peroxidase),PR10,TaGLP2a(germin-like)and Ta-JA2(jasmonate-induced protein)in leaf of the three cultivars.[Result] MeJA application enhanced the powdery mildew resistances of "Chinese Spring","Pumai 9" and "Zhoumai 18".The induced powdery mildew resistance could be detected from 12 h to 96 h after MeJA treatment,and the peak value was at 24 h.Though there were differences between the three cultivars,MeJA significantly effect on the expressions of the 8 disease resistance related genes except TaGLP2a,and the peak values were at 12 h,24 h or 48 h after treatments.The strongest activation of MeJA was on PR9 and PR1 that their expressions could reach more than 100 times of the untreated samples.MeJA strongly activated PR2、PR4、PR5、PR3、PR10 and Ta-JA2,their expression could reach 10 to 70 times,and there was almost no activation effect on TaGLP2a.The induced powdery mildew resistance positively correlated with the induced expressions of the 8 disease related genes.[Conclusion] The induced powdery mildew resistance positively correlated with the induced expressions of the disease related genes.Jasmonate signalling plays a role in defence against Blumeria graminis f.sp.tritici.and future manipulation of this pathway may improve powdery mildew resistance in wheat.
基金This work was supported by the Shandong Provincial Education Department Foundation (No. J05K04).
文摘Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) is a plant-signaling molecule that regulates plant morphogenesis and expression of plant defense genes. To determine the role of the endogenous MeJA levels in the development of plants, transgenic soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] plants harboring NTR1 gene encoding for jasmonic acid carboxyl methyltransferase (JMT) were produced. The activation of NTR1 gene expression resulted in the production of MeJA. Overexpression of the NTR1 cDNA under the regulation of cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter in the transgenic soybean plants was confirmed using Northern blot analysis. The significant differences in leaf and root growth patterns were observed between the transgenic plants and the wild-type plants. The leaves of the transgenic plants were slightly elongated in length but dramatically narrowed in width compared with the nontrans-formed wild-type plants. In addition, elongation of primary root was inhibited in the overexpressed transgenic soybean plantlets, whereas the development of lateral root was stimulated relative to the nontransformed plants. The leaves of the transgenic plants showed 2-2.5-fold higher levels of MeJA than the control plants. These results indicated that the increased endogenous levels of MeJA is involved in regulation of morphogenesis in soybean plants.
基金supported by the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars,Education Ministry of China(2002-247)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(BK2001206).
文摘Zhaohui peaches(Prunus persica Batsch)were treated with 0(CK), 1, 10 or 100 μmol L-1 methyl jasmonate(MeJA)vapor at 20℃ for 24 h before stored at 0℃ for 35 d. The untreated fruits showed chilling injury(CD symptoms after 4 wk of storage, as indicated by increased fruit firmness and reduced ex-tractable juice, which is referred as leatheriness. Treatment with 1 and 10 μmol L-1 MeJA promoted normal ripening and softening, maintained higher levels of extractable juice, titratable acidity, pectinesterase(PE)and polygalacturonase(PC)activities, inhibited increases in fruit fresh weight loss, decay incidence, electrolyte leakage and MDA content, and improved color development, thereby preventing chilling injury symptoms development and maintaining edible quality. MeJA treatment also delayed the climacteric rise in respiratory rate, but promoted ethylene production during the later period of cold storage, suggesting that ethylene may involve in CI development of peaches. These results indicate that 1 and 10 μmol L-1 MeJA treatments could be used to reduce CI development and decay incidence in peaches.
基金We gratefully acknowledge Dr Jianru Zuo (Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China) for providing T-DNA mutagenized population of Arabidopsis, Dr Salome Prat (Institut de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona, Spain) for providing homozygous atmyc2-2 mutant (T-DNA insertion line SALK_083483) seeds and Dr Jane Glazebrook for assisting with camalexin measurements. This work was supported by grants from the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KSCX2- YW-N-045, KSCX2-YW-N-015), the Ministry of Agriculture of China (2008ZX08009-003-001) and the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2007CB948201, 2006AA10A116). Work in the laboratory of Jerry D Cohen was supported by grants from the US National Science Foundation (MCB-0725149 and DBI- PGRP-0606666) and the USDA, National Research Initiative (2005-35318-16197).
文摘Jasmonic acid (JA) is a fatty acid-derived signaling molecule that regulates a broad range of plant defense responses against herbivores and some microbial pathogens. Molecular genetic studies have established that JA also performs a critical role in several aspects of plant development. Here, we describe the characterization of the Arabidopsis mutantjasmonic acid-hypersensitivel-1 (jah1-1), which is defective in several aspects of JA responses. Although the mutant exhibits increased sensitivity to JA in root growth inhibition, it shows decreased expression of JA-inducible defense genes and reduced resistance to the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea. Gene cloning studies indicate that these defects are caused by a mutation in the cytochrome P450 protein CYP82C2. We provide evidence showing that the compromised resistance of thejah1-1 mutant to B. cinerea is accompanied by decreased expression of JA-induced defense genes and reduced accumulation of JA-induced indole glucosinolates (IGs). Conversely, the enhanced resistance to B. cinerea in CYP82C2-overexpressing plants is accompanied by increased expression of JA-induced defense genes and elevated levels of JA-induced IGs. We demonstrate that CYP82C2 affects JA-induced accumulation of the IG biosynthetic precursor tryptophan (Trp), but not the JA-induced IAA or pathogen-induced camalexin. Together, our results support a hypothesis that CYP82C2 may act in the metabolism of Trp-derived secondary metabolites under conditions in which JA levels are elevated. Thejah1-1 mutant should thus be important in future studies toward understanding the mechanisms underlying the complexity of JA-mediated differential responses, which are important for plants to adapt their growth to the ever-changing environments.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30471192, 30671468).
文摘The roles of on endogenous jasmonates (JAs) and salicylic acid (SA) in wounding response were investigated. Pea (Pisum sativum L.) seedlings were treated with three different methods including mechanical wounding, JAs application, and SA application. The contents of endogenous JAs and SA, as well as the activities of the related enzymes were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and spectrophotometer, respectively. The results showed that endogenous JA rapidly accumulated within 30 min after wounding. The increase in the activities of both lipoxygenase (LOX) and allene oxide synthase (AOS) lagged behind JAs burst. A second slight increase in JAs level was observed at 24 h after wounding treatment, and at the same time point, higher activities of LOX and AOS were also detected. Endogenous free SA content decreased accompanied with JAs burst. Effects of exogenous JA application were similar to those of wounding treatment on endogenous SA level and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity, whereas exogenous SA application led to the significant inhibition of LOX and AOS activities and the decrease of endogenous JAs level at the early stage of treatment. It is thus suggested that JAs burst and SA decrease in early response to wounding may constitute an important mechanism by which plant starts the related defense reaction and adapts to wounding stress.
文摘A pot-culture study was undertaken to investigate the possible role of Methyl jasmonate (MeJA)-treatment on the earlier vegetative growth stage and different chemical constituents of maize cultivar (Giza-2) plants subjected to water stress. The grains were divided into two groups: first group was pre-soaked in water, and the second one was pre-soaked in 50 μM MeJA for 8 h. The plants were subjected to different levels of water field capacity (WFC) 65%, 55% and 45%. The results showed that pre-soaking maize grains with MeJA led to increases in plant growth criteria evident in terms of plant height, fresh and dry weight of plant. The pigment levels concomitantly with total carbohydrates, total soluble sugar, polysaccharides, as well as free amino acids, proline and total protein content were markedly increased. Moreover, the application of the investigated MeJA significantly improved growth hormone in terms of IAA. In contrast ABA level was markedly declined in maize plant. The activities of oxidative CAT, POX and SOD were also increased with MeJA. In addition, the N, P and K content was increased significantly in shoot. As a conclusion, soaking maize grains with MeJA could alleviate the harmful effects of water stress.
基金This research was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.30170764)
文摘Lyantria dispar larvae were fed with the leaves of Populus deltoids seedlings exposed to methyl jasmonate (MeJA) for 24 h. The growth and development of the larvae were investigated, and phenolics contents in treated leaves including pyrocatechol, caffeic acid, coumarin, fernlic acid and benzoic acid were also surveyed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results indicated that approximate digestibility, efficiency of conversion of ingested food, efficiency of conversion of digested food, and weight of the larvae were inhibited obviously, especially from the sixth day, which may result from the increase of total phenolics contents in treated leaves. This result provides strong supports for MeJA acting as the airborne signal molecule between woody plants.
基金supported by funding from the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-24)the Heilongjiang Province Outstanding Youth Science Fund(JC201316)
文摘We evaluated the biomass and ergosterol content of Hericium erinaceus mycelium, and extracellular enzyme activities in H. erinaceus liquid culture following salicylic acid(SA) and methyl jasmonic acid(Me JA)supplementation. The optimal SA concentration was100 lmoláL-1, where the highest ergosterol content of 2.33 mgág-1was obtained following 6-day cultivation with100 lmoláL-1SA supplementation, and which was significantly higher than the unsupplemented control(p / 0.01). Following 4-day supplementation with50 lmoláL-1Me JA, the highest ergosterol content obtained was 1.988 mgág-1, which was 25.8 % higher than the unsupplemented control. Our data indicate that SA and Me JA supplementation improves ergosterol content in H.erinaceus mycelium.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31801595)the Firstclass Discipline Project of Liaoning Province,China(LNSPXKBD2020205)。
文摘The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of methyl jasmonate(Me JA)dipping treatment on mitochondrial energy metabolism and quality parameters of Nanguo pears during room temperature storage.The results showed that Me JA treatment suppressed the respiration rate and weight loss,and maintained the flesh firmness of Nanguo pears.Me JA also effectively maintained the content of ascorbic acid and titratable acidity in the fruit.Furthermore,the activities of H^(+)-ATPase,Ca^(2+)-ATPase,succinate dehydrogenase(SDH)and cytochrome C oxidase(CCO)of the Me JA-treated fruit were significantly higher than those of the untreated fruit.The contents of adenosine triphosphate(ATP)and adenosine diphosphate(ADP)and the energy charge were also enhanced by Me JA treatment.These results suggest that postharvest Me JA treatment could maintain the quality of Nanguo pears,in part by modulating mitochondrial energy metabolism during room temperature storage.
基金supported by the NSFC (Grant No. 31670262)Key Project of Applied Basic Research Program of Yunnan (Grant No. 2014FA040)100-Oversea-Top-Talents Recruitment plan of Yunnan to Jinsong Wu
文摘Although patatin was initially identified as a major storage protein in potato tubers, patatin-like proteins(PLPs) have been recently reported to be widely present in many plant species and shown to be involved in plant-pathogen interactions. However, it is not clear whether PLPs are involved in Nicotiana attenuata resistance against the necrotrophic fungal pathogen, Alternaria alternata. In this study we identified a NaPLP gene, whose expression was highly elicited by A. alternata inoculation. Silencing NaPLP enhanced N. attenuata resistance to A. alternata, which was associated with higher induction levels of JA and ethylene biosynthetic genes, NaACS1, NaACO1 and NaLOX3. The induction of NaPLP expression by the fungus was abolished in JA-deficient plants and significantly reduced in ethylene-insensitive plants. In addition, NaPLP transcripts were highly induced by exogenous treatment with either methyl jasmonate(MeJA) or ethephon. Co-treatment with MeJA and ethephon led to a much higher induction level of NaPLP transcripts, and this synergistic induction was largely dependent on endogenous JA and ethylene signaling pathways. Thus, we conclude that the NaPLP gene is elicited by A. alternata via JA and ethylene signaling pathways in a synergistic way; however, unlike other JA-and ethylene-induced defense genes,NaPLP negatively affects plant resistance to the fungus likely by suppressing JA and ethylene biosynthetic gene expression.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 31561143006)Breeding Program of Shandong Province, China (Grant No. 2017LZGC001)Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province, China (Grant No. 2016-2020)
文摘In order to elucidate the contributions of JA in orchestrating disease resistance in potato plants,the potato genotype‘SD20’,which exhibits strong resistance against the highly virulent Phytophthora infestans isolate CN152,while infected by the super virulent isolate 2013-18-306,was treated with exogenous JA and then challenged by inoculation with 2013-18-306.The results showed that exogenously applied JA significantly delayed the onset and alleviated the symptoms of late blight,indicating exogenous JA could induce resistance to P.infestans in the early biotrophic stage of infection in‘SD20’plants.To further clarify the role of JA in the early defense response and identify key genes involved in JA signal transduction,gene expression profiling via RNA sequencing(RNA-seq)in‘SD20’plants treated with exogenously applied JA was performed.A total of 2927 differentially expressed genes were specifically induced,the majority encoded transcription factors,protein kinases,secondary metabolites,defense enzymes and disease resistance related proteins.GO functional annotation and KEGG metabolic pathway analysis showed that exogenously applied JA rapidly induced the expression of genes related to immune response regulation,pathogen defense,and other biological processes,and stimulated endogenous JA synthesis and signal transduction,and the overall early pathogen defense response in‘SD20’.These results provide useful information in understanding the JA’s function involved in pathogen defense responses and a theoretical basis for the application of JA in potato production.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31771710,32071943)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD0300800)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD-1)。
文摘High temperature (HT) stress has become one of the most detrimental stresses in crop production among constantly changing environmental factors.Exploiting approaches to enhance crop thermotolerance would have great significance in assuaging adverse effects of HT stress on crop growth and development.As jasmonates (JAs) and brassinosteroids (BRs) are novel phytohormones and play important roles in responses to biotic and abiotic stresses and in a wide range of plant developmental processes,this paper reviewed the roles and mechanisms of JAs and BRs in mitigating HT stress,with focus on rice (Oryza sativa L.) subjected to HT stress during anthesis.It is demonstrated that JAs alleviate spikelet-opening impairment and BRs ameliorate pistil fertilization ability under HT stress during anthesis of rice,although there are controversial observations.Activating the defense system,enhancing osmotic regulation,protecting photosynthesis,and interacting with other phytohormones,especially with ethylene and abscisic acid,are main physiological mechanisms by which JAs or BRs attenuate HT stress to plants.Elevating levels of JAs or BRs in plants could be considered as an important approach to enhance crop thermotolerance through breeding new varieties.Using JAs or BRs as chemical regulators and adopting proper water and nitrogen management practices could reduce the harm of HT stress to rice.Further research is needed to elucidate the roles of JAs and BRs in different plant tissues in responses to HT stress under different genetic backgrounds and environments,reveal the molecular mechanism underlying JAs and BRs mediating HT stress,understand the cross-talk between phytohormones in modulating HT stress,and establish integrated crop management to minimize the hazard of HT stress in rice production.