The rice planthopper,Sogatella furcifera,is a piercing-sucking insect pest of rice,Oryza sativa.It is responsible for significant crop yield losses,and has developed moderate to high resistance to several commonly use...The rice planthopper,Sogatella furcifera,is a piercing-sucking insect pest of rice,Oryza sativa.It is responsible for significant crop yield losses,and has developed moderate to high resistance to several commonly used chemical insecticides.We investigated the effects of the insect fungal pathogen Isaria javanica,alone and in combination with the chemical insecticide dinotefuran,on S.furcifera under both laboratory and field conditions.Our results show that I.javanica displays high infection efficiency and mortality for different stages of S.furcifera,reducing adult survival,female oviposition and ovary development.Laboratory bioassays showed that the combined use of I.javanica with a low dose(4-16 mg L^(-1))of dinotefuran resulted in higher mortality in S.furcifera than the use of I.javanica or dinotefuran alone.The combined treatment also had more significant effects on several host enzymes,including superoxide dismutase,catalase,peroxidase,and prophenol oxidase activities.In field trials,I.javanica effectively suppressed populations of rice planthoppers to low levels(22-64%of the level in untreated plots).Additional field experiments showed synergistic effects,i.e.,enhanced efficiency,for the control of S.furcifera populations using the combination of a low dose of I.javanica(1×10^(4) conidia mL^(-1))and a low dose of dinotefuran(~4.8-19.2%of normal field use levels),with control effects of>90%and a population level under 50 insects per 100 hills at 3-14 days post-treatment.Our findings indicate that the entomogenous fungus I.javanica offers an attractive biological control addition as part of the integrated pest management(IPM)practices for the control of rice plant pests.展开更多
A new isochromanone,cladosporinisochromanone(1),accompanied by 15 known compounds(2–16)were obtained from secondary metabolites produced by marine-derived fungus Cladosporium sp.DLT-5.NMR and HRESIMS spectra elucidat...A new isochromanone,cladosporinisochromanone(1),accompanied by 15 known compounds(2–16)were obtained from secondary metabolites produced by marine-derived fungus Cladosporium sp.DLT-5.NMR and HRESIMS spectra elucidation determined the planar structure of 1.Subsequent electronic circular dichroism(ECD)experiment assigned the absolute configuration of 1.Compounds 1,2,4–6,and 10 displayed different degrees of neuroprotective activities on human neuroblastoma cells SH-SY5Y.Five compounds(1,3–5,and 13)emerged resistance to protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B(PTP1B),further kinetic analysis and molecular docking study indicated that the most potent compound 13(IC50value of 10.74±0.61μmol/L)was found as a noncompetitive inhibitor for PTP1B.Surface plasmon resonance(SPR)and molecular docking studies also demonstrated the interaction between compound 12 and Niemann-Pick C1 Like 1(NPC1L1),which has been identified as significant therapeutic target for hypercholesteremia.In addition,compounds 3,6,and 14 showed attractive inhibitory activity against the phytopathogenic fungi:Colletotrichum capsici.Therefore,library of Cladosporium metabolites is enriched and new active uses of known compounds are explored.展开更多
Hericium erinaceus is an edible and medicinal mushroom commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries.Several studies have highlighted its therapeutic potential for gastrointestinal disorders such as gast...Hericium erinaceus is an edible and medicinal mushroom commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries.Several studies have highlighted its therapeutic potential for gastrointestinal disorders such as gastritis and inflammatory bowel diseases.In addition,some components of this mushroom appear to possess strong antineoplastic capabilities against gastric and colorectal cancer.This review aims to analyse all available evidence on the digestive therapeutic potential of this fungus as well as the possible underlying molecular mechanisms.展开更多
Black fungus is a rare and dangerous mycology that usually affects the brain and lungs and could be life-threatening in diabetic cases.Recently,some COVID-19 survivors,especially those with co-morbid diseases,have bee...Black fungus is a rare and dangerous mycology that usually affects the brain and lungs and could be life-threatening in diabetic cases.Recently,some COVID-19 survivors,especially those with co-morbid diseases,have been susceptible to black fungus.Therefore,recovered COVID-19 patients should seek medical support when they notice mucormycosis symptoms.This paper proposes a novel ensemble deep-learning model that includes three pre-trained models:reset(50),VGG(19),and Inception.Our approach is medically intuitive and efficient compared to the traditional deep learning models.An image dataset was aggregated from various resources and divided into two classes:a black fungus class and a skin infection class.To the best of our knowledge,our study is the first that is concerned with building black fungus detection models based on deep learning algorithms.The proposed approach can significantly improve the performance of the classification task and increase the generalization ability of such a binary classification task.According to the reported results,it has empirically achieved a sensitivity value of 0.9907,a specificity value of 0.9938,a precision value of 0.9938,and a negative predictive value of 0.9907.展开更多
A new genus and species,Cretopleciofungivora simpsoni gen.et sp.nov.,from the extinct family Pleciofungivoridae(Diptera:Bibionomorpha),is discovered in mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber.Previously,this family was known only...A new genus and species,Cretopleciofungivora simpsoni gen.et sp.nov.,from the extinct family Pleciofungivoridae(Diptera:Bibionomorpha),is discovered in mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber.Previously,this family was known only from imprints in sedimentary rocks of the Jurassic and the Lower Cretaceous.Discovery of a representative of Pleciofungivoridae in Kachin amber confirms the presence of the family in the Upper Cretaceous.The new species has a unique structure of fore tarsus,with lobed and extended tarsal segments Ⅱ to Ⅳ,a feature hitherto known only in a few species of extant Sciaroidea.Although not particularly rare,the new species is currently known only from female specimens.Possible reasons for this phenomenon,very unusual in Sciaroidea,are briefly discussed,including parthenogenesis as a potentially plausible hypothesis.展开更多
Golden-flower fungus,the only dominant microorganism determining the Fu-brick tea quality through fermentation and the important microbe in Liupao tea,is considered a potential probiotic fungus based on its anti-obesi...Golden-flower fungus,the only dominant microorganism determining the Fu-brick tea quality through fermentation and the important microbe in Liupao tea,is considered a potential probiotic fungus based on its anti-obesity effect.However,the classification of golden-flower fungi is still controversial;the anti-obesity effect of golden-flower fungus polysaccharides remains unknown.In this study,we identify a golden-flower strain as Aspergillus cristatus based on morphological characteristics and multigene phylogeny analysis,which resolves the controversy of classification.Moreover,we find A.cristatus polysaccharides(ACPS)attenuate obesity in rats.ACPS modulate gut bacterial composition.in which Akkermansia,Akkermansia muciniphila,Bacteroides,Romboutsia,Blautia,and Desulfovibrio are considered the core microbes regulated by ACPS.ACPS increase fecal total short-chain fatty acid content and serum,hepatic,and fecal total bile acid content.Furthermore,ACPS-induced gut microbiota alteration plays a causal role in the protection from obesity,according to a fecal transplantation experiment.Thus,ACPS ameliorate obesity by regulating gut microbiota and gut microbiota-related metabolites.展开更多
Objective To evaluate the effect of white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium on removal of gaseous chlorobenzene. Methods Fungal mycelium mixed with a liquid medium was placed into airtight bottles. A certain amou...Objective To evaluate the effect of white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium on removal of gaseous chlorobenzene. Methods Fungal mycelium mixed with a liquid medium was placed into airtight bottles. A certain amount of chlorobenzene was injected into the headspace of the bottles under different conditions. At a certain interval, the concentrations in the headspace were analyzed to evaluate the degradation of chlorobenzene by P. chrysosporium. Results The degradation effects of P. chrysosporium on chlorobenzene under different conditions were investigated. The difference in the optimum temperature for the growth of the fungi and chlorobenzene degradation was observed. The data indicated that a lower temperature (28℃) would promote the degradation of chlorobenzene than the optimum temperature for the growth of the fungi (37℃). A low nitrogen source concentration (30 mg N/L) had a better effect on degrading chlorobenzene than a high nitrogen source concentration (higher than 100 mg N/L). A high initial concentration (over 1100 mg/m3) of chlorobenzene showed an inhibiting effect on degradation by P chrysosporium. A maximum removal efficiency of 95% was achieved at the initial concentration of 550 mg/m3. Conclusion P. chrysosporium has a rather good ability to remove gaseous chlorobeuzene. A low nitrogen source concentration and a low temperature promote the removal of chlorobenzene by P. chrysosporium. However, a high initial chlorobenzene concentration can inhibit chlorobenzene degradation.展开更多
Objective:To isolate the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhixium anisopliae(M.anisopliae) in the local environment,and evaluate its efficacy against the suspected dengue vector Aedes albopictus in Pakistan.Methods:Accordi...Objective:To isolate the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhixium anisopliae(M.anisopliae) in the local environment,and evaluate its efficacy against the suspected dengue vector Aedes albopictus in Pakistan.Methods:According to the standard procedure,M.anisopliae was isolated from the dead mosquitoes which were collected from the field or dead after the collection.Bioassay was performed to determine its efficacy.Results:The results indicated that M.anisopliae had larvicidal effect with LC,value 1.09×10~5 and LC_(50) value 1.90×10^(13) while it took 45.41 h to kill 50% of tested population.Conclusions:Taking long time to kill 50%population when compare with the synthetic insecticides,is the only drawback for the use of entomopathogenic fungus but these bio-pesticides are safe for the use.展开更多
Polyporus umbellatus(formerly Grifola umbellatus),an edible fungus,has been used as traditional Chinese medicine.The present investigation aimed to uncover the active ingredients in this fungal species,with the emphas...Polyporus umbellatus(formerly Grifola umbellatus),an edible fungus,has been used as traditional Chinese medicine.The present investigation aimed to uncover the active ingredients in this fungal species,with the emphasis on its polysaccharides.Two polysaccharides,one from fermented mycelium and the other from the fruiting body,were chromatographically purified.Molecular weights,anti-microbial and immune activities of the polysaccharides were determined.The mycelium polysaccharide was found to have a molecular weight of 857 kDa and consist of glucose and galactose at a molar ratio of 1.57:1,while the one from the fruiting body,679 kDa in molecular weight,was also made up of glucose and galactose but at a molar ratio of 5.42:1.In immune assays,these fungal polysaccharides increased the killing potency of natural killer(NK)and lymphokineactivated killer(LAK)cells from mouse spleen and promoted proliferation of mouse B and T cells.Additionally,both P.umbellatus mycelium and its extract were found to inhibit Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus,but had no effects on Aspergillus niger or Aspergillus nidulans.These results indicated that fermented P.umbellatus mycelium is indeed immune active,most probably due to its ingredients of polysaccharides.The consumption of this fungus may be beneficial for human health.展开更多
Three new aspochalsins(R-T)(1-3) were isolated from the marine-derived fungus Spicaria elegans.Their structures were elucidated on the basis of comprehensive spectral analysis including 1D and 2D NMR techniques,an...Three new aspochalsins(R-T)(1-3) were isolated from the marine-derived fungus Spicaria elegans.Their structures were elucidated on the basis of comprehensive spectral analysis including 1D and 2D NMR techniques,and HR-ESI-MS.展开更多
The polysaccharides from edible fungus showed many kinds of biological activities,including anti-tumor,immunomodulatory,anti-inflammatory,anti-diabetes,improving functional constipation activities.In particular,the im...The polysaccharides from edible fungus showed many kinds of biological activities,including anti-tumor,immunomodulatory,anti-inflammatory,anti-diabetes,improving functional constipation activities.In particular,the immunomodulatory effects have been paid more and more attention by scholars,but there was no systematic introduction of their immunomodulatory mechanism.So,this review introduced the immunomodulatory effects and mechanism of edible fungus polysaccharides in recent years,and then the relationships between structure and immunomodulatory effect were also discussed.展开更多
Six eremophilane sesquiterpenes were obtained from a marine fungus Penicillium sp. BL27-2. Their structures were elucidated as 3-acetyl-9, 7 (11)-dien-7a-hydroxy-8-oxoeremophilane (1), 3-acetyl-13-deoxyphomenone ...Six eremophilane sesquiterpenes were obtained from a marine fungus Penicillium sp. BL27-2. Their structures were elucidated as 3-acetyl-9, 7 (11)-dien-7a-hydroxy-8-oxoeremophilane (1), 3-acetyl-13-deoxyphomenone (2), Sporogen-AO 1 (3), 7-hydro- xypetasol (4), 8a-hydroxy-13-deo -xyphomenone (5) and 6-dehydropetasol (6) based on detailed NMR analysis. 1 was a new compound and 2 was obtained as a new natural compound. These compounds were assayed for their cytotoxic activity on P388, A549, HL60, BEL7402 and K562 cell lines by the MTT method. The assay results suggested the epoxide rings in eremophilane molecules were essential for their activity, and acetylation could enhance their activity.展开更多
Monacrosporium ellipsosporum, a nematode-trapping fungus, was isolated by baiting with sclerotiaof Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in soil from a tobacco field in Yuxi, Yunnan Province. Colonizationfrequency of the scleroti...Monacrosporium ellipsosporum, a nematode-trapping fungus, was isolated by baiting with sclerotiaof Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in soil from a tobacco field in Yuxi, Yunnan Province. Colonizationfrequency of the sclerotia by the fungus was 18% in natural soil. Reinoculation tests byplacing surface-sterilized sclerotia on fungal cultures for two weeks and then surface-sterilized again led to 32% sclerotia be infected. Dual culture tests in PDA plates did notgive rise to a suppression zone between the colonies of M. ellipsosporum and its counterpartfungi S. sclerotiorum and Rhizoctonia solani, suggesting there was little or no nutritionalcompetition and absent of antifungal compounds. However, M. ellipsosporum could grow overabsent of S. sclerotiorum and R. solani, and significantly inhibited their growth on agarplates. Scanning electron and light microscopic observations showed that hyphae of M. ellipsosporumgrew along and appressed on hypha of S. sclerotiorum and coiled around hyphae of R. solani.Assays of cell wall-degrading enzymes showed that M. ellipsosporum grew well in chitin agarmedia, with clear transparent hydrolysis zones. Activities of total chitinase, exo-chitinase,β-1, 3-glucanase and protease were 140.2±11.9, 82.9±4.1, 111.2±7.6 and 76.1±4.3 U respect-ively, after incubation for 4 days at 30 ℃ in liquid media containing ground sclerotia of S.sclerotiorum as sole nutrient source. These enzymes might be important in the mycoparasiticactivity of M. ellipsosporum.展开更多
Mangroves are special woody plant communities in the intertidal zone of tropical and subtropical coasts. They prove to be a natural microorganisms and new metabolites storage. In the study of mangrove endophytic fungi...Mangroves are special woody plant communities in the intertidal zone of tropical and subtropical coasts. They prove to be a natural microorganisms and new metabolites storage. In the study of mangrove endophytic fungi metabolites, four new compounds, Compounds 1, 2, 3 and 4, as well as a known octaketide, oytosporone B (5), are isolated from an endophytic fungus, Dothiorella sp., HTF3. They all show cytotoxic activities. The elucidation of these structures is mainly based on 1D/ 2D NMR and ESI-MS spectral analyses.展开更多
A new acyclic peroxide derivative asperoxide A(1),along with 13 known compounds,namely,microperfuranone(2),9-hydroxymicroperfuranone(3),gibellulin A(4),lecanoric acid(5),terrequinone A(6),sterigmatocystin(7),isosecost...A new acyclic peroxide derivative asperoxide A(1),along with 13 known compounds,namely,microperfuranone(2),9-hydroxymicroperfuranone(3),gibellulin A(4),lecanoric acid(5),terrequinone A(6),sterigmatocystin(7),isosecosterigmatocystin(8),arugosin C(9),curvularin(10),3,3'-diindolylmethane(11),austinol(12),austin(13),and dehydroaustin(14),were isolated and identified from the culture extract of Aspergillus nidulans SD-531,a fungus obtained from the deep-sea sediment of cold spring in the South China Sea.Their structures were determined based on detailed interpretation of nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)spectroscopic and mass spectrometry data analysis.All the isolated compounds were evaluated for antimicrobial activities against human and aquatic bacteria as well as plant pathogenic fungi.Compounds 1–8,10,and 11 exhibited antimicrobial activities against some of the tested strains with minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)values ranging from^2 to 64μg/mL.Compounds 4 and 6 displayed strongest activities among the tested samples and might be used as promising molecules for the development of natural antimicrobial agents.展开更多
This study explored the therapeutic effects of Auricularia auricula melanin(AAM)on alcoholic liver damage in vitro and in vivo.Human normal liver L02 cells were pre-treated with ethanol and then treated with AAM to ex...This study explored the therapeutic effects of Auricularia auricula melanin(AAM)on alcoholic liver damage in vitro and in vivo.Human normal liver L02 cells were pre-treated with ethanol and then treated with AAM to explore the therapeutic effect of AAM on ethanol-induced hepatocyte injury.The results show that AAM signifi cantly elevated the cell viability,ameliorated the cell morphology,reduced the ROS and increased the GSH/GSSG of ethanol-pretreated L02 cells.Then,mice were administered with ethanol to induce acute alcoholic liver damage,and administered with AAM to further study the therapeutic effect of AAM on alcoholic liver damage in mice.As a result,AAM reduced the levels of ALT,AST,TG,and MDA,increased the levels of ADH,SOD,and CAT in liver damage mice.The therapeutic effect of AAM may be related to inhibition of CYP2E1 expression and activation of Nrf2 and its downstream antioxidase.The research enriched the bioactivity of AAM and provided some ideas for the development of melanin-related health foods.展开更多
The entomopathogenic fungus Isaria fumosorosea Wize, formerly known as Paecilomyces fumosoroseus is reported as a promising biocontrol agent for controlling subterranean termites, particularly those belonging to the f...The entomopathogenic fungus Isaria fumosorosea Wize, formerly known as Paecilomyces fumosoroseus is reported as a promising biocontrol agent for controlling subterranean termites, particularly those belonging to the family Rhinotermitidae. In Malaysia, the family Rhinotermitidae includes two species of subterranean termites with extremely high economic importance; namely Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren, and the Asian SLubterranean Termite (Coptotermes gestroi Wasmann). To comprehend the potential control of this soil-dwelling fungus against these subterranean termites in Malaysia, an investigation was carried out by testing the pathogenecity of 11 isolates against these termite species. All isolates showed pathogenic potential against the termite (Mortality rate of C. curvignathus:84.4%; C. gestroi:67.3%). IsolatePF49 was the most effective against both species of termites and was further tested for its virulence and mycosis.The LC_(50) values of PF49 against C. curvignathus and C.gestroi were 7.55×103 and 1.09×102 conidia/ml,respectively. The average number of days required to complete the mycosis process in C. curvignathus and C.gestroi were 4.7 and 8 days, respectively. These fungi are believed useful for protecting living trees, plants, wood,wood structures, and other cellulosic materials susceptible to termite infestation and damage.展开更多
基金funded by grants from the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou,China(202002020029)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province,China(2019B020217003)+1 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFD02003)the National Key Technology Support Program of China(201303019-02)。
文摘The rice planthopper,Sogatella furcifera,is a piercing-sucking insect pest of rice,Oryza sativa.It is responsible for significant crop yield losses,and has developed moderate to high resistance to several commonly used chemical insecticides.We investigated the effects of the insect fungal pathogen Isaria javanica,alone and in combination with the chemical insecticide dinotefuran,on S.furcifera under both laboratory and field conditions.Our results show that I.javanica displays high infection efficiency and mortality for different stages of S.furcifera,reducing adult survival,female oviposition and ovary development.Laboratory bioassays showed that the combined use of I.javanica with a low dose(4-16 mg L^(-1))of dinotefuran resulted in higher mortality in S.furcifera than the use of I.javanica or dinotefuran alone.The combined treatment also had more significant effects on several host enzymes,including superoxide dismutase,catalase,peroxidase,and prophenol oxidase activities.In field trials,I.javanica effectively suppressed populations of rice planthoppers to low levels(22-64%of the level in untreated plots).Additional field experiments showed synergistic effects,i.e.,enhanced efficiency,for the control of S.furcifera populations using the combination of a low dose of I.javanica(1×10^(4) conidia mL^(-1))and a low dose of dinotefuran(~4.8-19.2%of normal field use levels),with control effects of>90%and a population level under 50 insects per 100 hills at 3-14 days post-treatment.Our findings indicate that the entomogenous fungus I.javanica offers an attractive biological control addition as part of the integrated pest management(IPM)practices for the control of rice plant pests.
基金Supported by the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-21)the Financial Fund of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,China(No.NFZX2021)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81973568)。
文摘A new isochromanone,cladosporinisochromanone(1),accompanied by 15 known compounds(2–16)were obtained from secondary metabolites produced by marine-derived fungus Cladosporium sp.DLT-5.NMR and HRESIMS spectra elucidation determined the planar structure of 1.Subsequent electronic circular dichroism(ECD)experiment assigned the absolute configuration of 1.Compounds 1,2,4–6,and 10 displayed different degrees of neuroprotective activities on human neuroblastoma cells SH-SY5Y.Five compounds(1,3–5,and 13)emerged resistance to protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B(PTP1B),further kinetic analysis and molecular docking study indicated that the most potent compound 13(IC50value of 10.74±0.61μmol/L)was found as a noncompetitive inhibitor for PTP1B.Surface plasmon resonance(SPR)and molecular docking studies also demonstrated the interaction between compound 12 and Niemann-Pick C1 Like 1(NPC1L1),which has been identified as significant therapeutic target for hypercholesteremia.In addition,compounds 3,6,and 14 showed attractive inhibitory activity against the phytopathogenic fungi:Colletotrichum capsici.Therefore,library of Cladosporium metabolites is enriched and new active uses of known compounds are explored.
文摘Hericium erinaceus is an edible and medicinal mushroom commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries.Several studies have highlighted its therapeutic potential for gastrointestinal disorders such as gastritis and inflammatory bowel diseases.In addition,some components of this mushroom appear to possess strong antineoplastic capabilities against gastric and colorectal cancer.This review aims to analyse all available evidence on the digestive therapeutic potential of this fungus as well as the possible underlying molecular mechanisms.
基金supported by the MSIT (Ministry of Science and ICT),Korea,under the ICAN (ICT Challenge and Advanced Network of HRD)Program (IITP-2023-2020-0-01832)supervised by the IITP (Institute of Information&Communications Technology Planning&Evaluation)and the Soonchunhyang University Research Fund.
文摘Black fungus is a rare and dangerous mycology that usually affects the brain and lungs and could be life-threatening in diabetic cases.Recently,some COVID-19 survivors,especially those with co-morbid diseases,have been susceptible to black fungus.Therefore,recovered COVID-19 patients should seek medical support when they notice mucormycosis symptoms.This paper proposes a novel ensemble deep-learning model that includes three pre-trained models:reset(50),VGG(19),and Inception.Our approach is medically intuitive and efficient compared to the traditional deep learning models.An image dataset was aggregated from various resources and divided into two classes:a black fungus class and a skin infection class.To the best of our knowledge,our study is the first that is concerned with building black fungus detection models based on deep learning algorithms.The proposed approach can significantly improve the performance of the classification task and increase the generalization ability of such a binary classification task.According to the reported results,it has empirically achieved a sensitivity value of 0.9907,a specificity value of 0.9938,a precision value of 0.9938,and a negative predictive value of 0.9907.
基金funded by the Science Foundation of Yunnan Province(Grant Nos.2015HA021 and 202401CF070913)the National Science Centre of Poland(Grant No.UMO-2016/23/B/NZ8/00936)supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation。
文摘A new genus and species,Cretopleciofungivora simpsoni gen.et sp.nov.,from the extinct family Pleciofungivoridae(Diptera:Bibionomorpha),is discovered in mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber.Previously,this family was known only from imprints in sedimentary rocks of the Jurassic and the Lower Cretaceous.Discovery of a representative of Pleciofungivoridae in Kachin amber confirms the presence of the family in the Upper Cretaceous.The new species has a unique structure of fore tarsus,with lobed and extended tarsal segments Ⅱ to Ⅳ,a feature hitherto known only in a few species of extant Sciaroidea.Although not particularly rare,the new species is currently known only from female specimens.Possible reasons for this phenomenon,very unusual in Sciaroidea,are briefly discussed,including parthenogenesis as a potentially plausible hypothesis.
基金financially supported by Natural Science Foundation of China (32002095 and 32172217)Major Project of Science and Technology of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (AA20302018)+4 种基金Key Research and Development Program of Hunan Province (2020WK2017)Hunan“Three Top”Innovative Talents Project (2022RC1142)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province for Outstanding Young Scholars (2022JJ20028)Training Program for Excellent Young Innovators of Changsha (kq2107015)Scientific Research Fund of the Hunan Provincial Education Department (20A241)。
文摘Golden-flower fungus,the only dominant microorganism determining the Fu-brick tea quality through fermentation and the important microbe in Liupao tea,is considered a potential probiotic fungus based on its anti-obesity effect.However,the classification of golden-flower fungi is still controversial;the anti-obesity effect of golden-flower fungus polysaccharides remains unknown.In this study,we identify a golden-flower strain as Aspergillus cristatus based on morphological characteristics and multigene phylogeny analysis,which resolves the controversy of classification.Moreover,we find A.cristatus polysaccharides(ACPS)attenuate obesity in rats.ACPS modulate gut bacterial composition.in which Akkermansia,Akkermansia muciniphila,Bacteroides,Romboutsia,Blautia,and Desulfovibrio are considered the core microbes regulated by ACPS.ACPS increase fecal total short-chain fatty acid content and serum,hepatic,and fecal total bile acid content.Furthermore,ACPS-induced gut microbiota alteration plays a causal role in the protection from obesity,according to a fecal transplantation experiment.Thus,ACPS ameliorate obesity by regulating gut microbiota and gut microbiota-related metabolites.
基金supported by the Hi-tech Research and Development Program of China (2004AA601061).
文摘Objective To evaluate the effect of white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium on removal of gaseous chlorobenzene. Methods Fungal mycelium mixed with a liquid medium was placed into airtight bottles. A certain amount of chlorobenzene was injected into the headspace of the bottles under different conditions. At a certain interval, the concentrations in the headspace were analyzed to evaluate the degradation of chlorobenzene by P. chrysosporium. Results The degradation effects of P. chrysosporium on chlorobenzene under different conditions were investigated. The difference in the optimum temperature for the growth of the fungi and chlorobenzene degradation was observed. The data indicated that a lower temperature (28℃) would promote the degradation of chlorobenzene than the optimum temperature for the growth of the fungi (37℃). A low nitrogen source concentration (30 mg N/L) had a better effect on degrading chlorobenzene than a high nitrogen source concentration (higher than 100 mg N/L). A high initial concentration (over 1100 mg/m3) of chlorobenzene showed an inhibiting effect on degradation by P chrysosporium. A maximum removal efficiency of 95% was achieved at the initial concentration of 550 mg/m3. Conclusion P. chrysosporium has a rather good ability to remove gaseous chlorobeuzene. A low nitrogen source concentration and a low temperature promote the removal of chlorobenzene by P. chrysosporium. However, a high initial chlorobenzene concentration can inhibit chlorobenzene degradation.
文摘Objective:To isolate the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhixium anisopliae(M.anisopliae) in the local environment,and evaluate its efficacy against the suspected dengue vector Aedes albopictus in Pakistan.Methods:According to the standard procedure,M.anisopliae was isolated from the dead mosquitoes which were collected from the field or dead after the collection.Bioassay was performed to determine its efficacy.Results:The results indicated that M.anisopliae had larvicidal effect with LC,value 1.09×10~5 and LC_(50) value 1.90×10^(13) while it took 45.41 h to kill 50% of tested population.Conclusions:Taking long time to kill 50%population when compare with the synthetic insecticides,is the only drawback for the use of entomopathogenic fungus but these bio-pesticides are safe for the use.
基金Shanghai Institute of Technology Science and Technology Development Foundation(No.KJ2002-15).
文摘Polyporus umbellatus(formerly Grifola umbellatus),an edible fungus,has been used as traditional Chinese medicine.The present investigation aimed to uncover the active ingredients in this fungal species,with the emphasis on its polysaccharides.Two polysaccharides,one from fermented mycelium and the other from the fruiting body,were chromatographically purified.Molecular weights,anti-microbial and immune activities of the polysaccharides were determined.The mycelium polysaccharide was found to have a molecular weight of 857 kDa and consist of glucose and galactose at a molar ratio of 1.57:1,while the one from the fruiting body,679 kDa in molecular weight,was also made up of glucose and galactose but at a molar ratio of 5.42:1.In immune assays,these fungal polysaccharides increased the killing potency of natural killer(NK)and lymphokineactivated killer(LAK)cells from mouse spleen and promoted proliferation of mouse B and T cells.Additionally,both P.umbellatus mycelium and its extract were found to inhibit Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus,but had no effects on Aspergillus niger or Aspergillus nidulans.These results indicated that fermented P.umbellatus mycelium is indeed immune active,most probably due to its ingredients of polysaccharides.The consumption of this fungus may be beneficial for human health.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30772640).
文摘Three new aspochalsins(R-T)(1-3) were isolated from the marine-derived fungus Spicaria elegans.Their structures were elucidated on the basis of comprehensive spectral analysis including 1D and 2D NMR techniques,and HR-ESI-MS.
基金This research was financially supported by Major Public Welfare Projects in Henan Province(201300110200)National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFD0400200)+2 种基金Key scientific and technological key projects of Henan science and Technology Department(192102110214 and 202102110283)Henan Province Industry-University-Research Cooperation Project(182107000033)the special fund project of Zhengzhou basic and applied basic research(ZZSZX202003).
文摘The polysaccharides from edible fungus showed many kinds of biological activities,including anti-tumor,immunomodulatory,anti-inflammatory,anti-diabetes,improving functional constipation activities.In particular,the immunomodulatory effects have been paid more and more attention by scholars,but there was no systematic introduction of their immunomodulatory mechanism.So,this review introduced the immunomodulatory effects and mechanism of edible fungus polysaccharides in recent years,and then the relationships between structure and immunomodulatory effect were also discussed.
文摘Six eremophilane sesquiterpenes were obtained from a marine fungus Penicillium sp. BL27-2. Their structures were elucidated as 3-acetyl-9, 7 (11)-dien-7a-hydroxy-8-oxoeremophilane (1), 3-acetyl-13-deoxyphomenone (2), Sporogen-AO 1 (3), 7-hydro- xypetasol (4), 8a-hydroxy-13-deo -xyphomenone (5) and 6-dehydropetasol (6) based on detailed NMR analysis. 1 was a new compound and 2 was obtained as a new natural compound. These compounds were assayed for their cytotoxic activity on P388, A549, HL60, BEL7402 and K562 cell lines by the MTT method. The assay results suggested the epoxide rings in eremophilane molecules were essential for their activity, and acetylation could enhance their activity.
基金supported by the National High-Tech R&D Proqram(863)of China(2001AA246011).
文摘Monacrosporium ellipsosporum, a nematode-trapping fungus, was isolated by baiting with sclerotiaof Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in soil from a tobacco field in Yuxi, Yunnan Province. Colonizationfrequency of the sclerotia by the fungus was 18% in natural soil. Reinoculation tests byplacing surface-sterilized sclerotia on fungal cultures for two weeks and then surface-sterilized again led to 32% sclerotia be infected. Dual culture tests in PDA plates did notgive rise to a suppression zone between the colonies of M. ellipsosporum and its counterpartfungi S. sclerotiorum and Rhizoctonia solani, suggesting there was little or no nutritionalcompetition and absent of antifungal compounds. However, M. ellipsosporum could grow overabsent of S. sclerotiorum and R. solani, and significantly inhibited their growth on agarplates. Scanning electron and light microscopic observations showed that hyphae of M. ellipsosporumgrew along and appressed on hypha of S. sclerotiorum and coiled around hyphae of R. solani.Assays of cell wall-degrading enzymes showed that M. ellipsosporum grew well in chitin agarmedia, with clear transparent hydrolysis zones. Activities of total chitinase, exo-chitinase,β-1, 3-glucanase and protease were 140.2±11.9, 82.9±4.1, 111.2±7.6 and 76.1±4.3 U respect-ively, after incubation for 4 days at 30 ℃ in liquid media containing ground sclerotia of S.sclerotiorum as sole nutrient source. These enzymes might be important in the mycoparasiticactivity of M. ellipsosporum.
文摘Mangroves are special woody plant communities in the intertidal zone of tropical and subtropical coasts. They prove to be a natural microorganisms and new metabolites storage. In the study of mangrove endophytic fungi metabolites, four new compounds, Compounds 1, 2, 3 and 4, as well as a known octaketide, oytosporone B (5), are isolated from an endophytic fungus, Dothiorella sp., HTF3. They all show cytotoxic activities. The elucidation of these structures is mainly based on 1D/ 2D NMR and ESI-MS spectral analyses.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFC0310800)。
文摘A new acyclic peroxide derivative asperoxide A(1),along with 13 known compounds,namely,microperfuranone(2),9-hydroxymicroperfuranone(3),gibellulin A(4),lecanoric acid(5),terrequinone A(6),sterigmatocystin(7),isosecosterigmatocystin(8),arugosin C(9),curvularin(10),3,3'-diindolylmethane(11),austinol(12),austin(13),and dehydroaustin(14),were isolated and identified from the culture extract of Aspergillus nidulans SD-531,a fungus obtained from the deep-sea sediment of cold spring in the South China Sea.Their structures were determined based on detailed interpretation of nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)spectroscopic and mass spectrometry data analysis.All the isolated compounds were evaluated for antimicrobial activities against human and aquatic bacteria as well as plant pathogenic fungi.Compounds 1–8,10,and 11 exhibited antimicrobial activities against some of the tested strains with minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)values ranging from^2 to 64μg/mL.Compounds 4 and 6 displayed strongest activities among the tested samples and might be used as promising molecules for the development of natural antimicrobial agents.
基金This work was financially supported by the Special Fund Project for Technological Innovation of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University(CXZX2019055G)the Science and Technology Project on Social Development of Cixi(CN2020027).
文摘This study explored the therapeutic effects of Auricularia auricula melanin(AAM)on alcoholic liver damage in vitro and in vivo.Human normal liver L02 cells were pre-treated with ethanol and then treated with AAM to explore the therapeutic effect of AAM on ethanol-induced hepatocyte injury.The results show that AAM signifi cantly elevated the cell viability,ameliorated the cell morphology,reduced the ROS and increased the GSH/GSSG of ethanol-pretreated L02 cells.Then,mice were administered with ethanol to induce acute alcoholic liver damage,and administered with AAM to further study the therapeutic effect of AAM on alcoholic liver damage in mice.As a result,AAM reduced the levels of ALT,AST,TG,and MDA,increased the levels of ADH,SOD,and CAT in liver damage mice.The therapeutic effect of AAM may be related to inhibition of CYP2E1 expression and activation of Nrf2 and its downstream antioxidase.The research enriched the bioactivity of AAM and provided some ideas for the development of melanin-related health foods.
基金funded by Research University Grant Scheme (RUGS) provided by Universiti Putra Malaysia
文摘The entomopathogenic fungus Isaria fumosorosea Wize, formerly known as Paecilomyces fumosoroseus is reported as a promising biocontrol agent for controlling subterranean termites, particularly those belonging to the family Rhinotermitidae. In Malaysia, the family Rhinotermitidae includes two species of subterranean termites with extremely high economic importance; namely Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren, and the Asian SLubterranean Termite (Coptotermes gestroi Wasmann). To comprehend the potential control of this soil-dwelling fungus against these subterranean termites in Malaysia, an investigation was carried out by testing the pathogenecity of 11 isolates against these termite species. All isolates showed pathogenic potential against the termite (Mortality rate of C. curvignathus:84.4%; C. gestroi:67.3%). IsolatePF49 was the most effective against both species of termites and was further tested for its virulence and mycosis.The LC_(50) values of PF49 against C. curvignathus and C.gestroi were 7.55×103 and 1.09×102 conidia/ml,respectively. The average number of days required to complete the mycosis process in C. curvignathus and C.gestroi were 4.7 and 8 days, respectively. These fungi are believed useful for protecting living trees, plants, wood,wood structures, and other cellulosic materials susceptible to termite infestation and damage.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(0072058)863 Foundation of China(2003AA624010)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China(021732,2003A 3050401)a strategic grant at City University of Hong Kong(7000650)E.B.G.J.acknowledges the Royal Society,U.K.and City University of Hong Kong for the award of the Kan Tong Po Visiting Professorship.