Impact frequency variation of self-excited oscillation pulsed supercritical carbon dioxide jets

In order to obtain the impact frequency of resonant coal breaking by self-excited oscillation pulsed supercritical carbon dioxide(SC-CO_(2))jet,large eddy simulation was used to analyze the formation and development process of self-excited oscillation pulsed SC-CO_(2)jet,the variation of jet impact frequency in the nozzle and the free flow field,and the variation of jet impact frequency at different positions in the jet axis and under different cavity lengths.The test device of jet impact frequency was developed,and experiments were performed to verify the conclusions of the numerical simulations.The results show that the frequency of the self-excited oscillation pulsed SC-CO_(2)jet is different in the nozzle and the free flow field.In the nozzle,the frequency generated by the fluid disturbance is the same,and the jet frequency at the exit of the nozzle is consistent with that inside the nozzle.In the free flow field,due to the compressibility of CO_(2),the pressure,velocity and other parameters of SC-CO_(2)jets have obvious fluctuation patterns.This feature causes the impact frequency of the self-excited oscillation pulsed SC-CO_(2)jet to decrease gradually in the axis.Changing the cavity length allows the adjustment of the jet impact frequency in the free flow field by affecting the disturbance frequency of the self-excited oscillation pulsed SC-CO_(2)jet inside the nozzle.

Numerical Analysis and Verification of the Gas Jet from Aircraft Engines Impacting a Jet Blast Deflector

The process of the gas jet from aircraft engines impacting a jet blast deflector is not only a complex fluid–solid coupling problem that is not easy to compute, but also a safety issue that seriously interferes with flight deck envi?ronment. The computational fluid dynamics(CFD) method is used to simulate numerically the impact e ect of gas jet from aircraft engines on a jet blast deflector by using the Reynolds?averaged Navier?Stokes(RANS) equations and turbulence models. First of all, during the pre?processing of numerical computation, a sub?domains hybrid meshing scheme is adopted to reduce mesh number and improve mesh quality. Then, four di erent turbulence models includ?ing shear?stress transport(SST) k-w, standard k-w, standard k-ε and Reynolds stress model(RSM) are used to compare and verify the correctness of numerical methods for gas jet from a single aircraft engine. The predicted values are in good agreement with the experimental data, and the distribution and regularity of shock wave, velocity, pressure and temperature of a single aircraft engine are got. The results show that SST k?w turbulence model is more suitable for the numerical simulation of compressible viscous gas jet with high prediction accuracy. Finally, the impact e ect of gas jet from two aircraft engines on a jet blast deflector is analyzed based on the above numerical method, not only the flow parameters of gas jet and the interaction regularity between gas jet and the jet blast deflector are got, but also the thermal shock properties and dynamic impact characteristics of gas jet impacting the jet blast deflector are got. So the dangerous activity area of crew and equipments on the flight deck can be predicted qualitatively and quantitatively. The proposed research explores out a correct numerical method for the fluid–solid interaction during the impact process of supersonic gas jet, which provides an e ective technical support for design, thermal ablation and structural damage analysis of a new jet blast deflector.

围压条件下粒子冲击破岩裂隙扩展机理研究

为揭示粒子冲击下围压对岩石裂隙形成及扩展机制的影响,开展了粒子冲击破岩试验和微纳米工业CT(compnted tomography)扫描试验,明确了围压对粒子冲击作用下岩石裂隙扩展特征的影响;并对不同围压条件下的粒子冲击进行数值模拟,分析了岩石的应力场和裂隙场演化过程,揭示了围压影响裂隙扩展的内在机制。结果表明,粒子冲击岩石后,在岩石内部形成破碎区和晶间主裂隙扩展区。压应力导致形成的剪切应力和拉应力是破碎区形成的主要原因,而晶间主裂隙扩展区形成的主要原因是切向衍生拉应力。围压使岩石颗粒间产生预应力,导致切向衍生拉应力需克服颗粒之间的初始压应力才能形成张拉裂隙;围压的增大导致岩石颗粒间剪切裂隙比例和摩擦效应提升,产生相同裂隙数目消耗能量增大,抑制了晶间主裂隙扩展区和破碎区的形成,破碎效果降低。

气体射流冲击噪声的工程计算与仿真

气体射流冲击广泛存在于工业领域之中,气体射流冲击噪声不仅污染环境,还对身心健康产生影响。针对气体射流冲击噪声缺乏工程计算依据的问题,文章对气体射流冲击进行声压能分析,结合气体射流冲击噪声产生机理,对气体射流冲击噪声进行公式化推导,形成工程计算公式。在典型气速下,通过有限元仿真验证计算公式的有效性,结果可为气体射流冲击噪声仿真、工程应用提供依据。

Experimental investigation of the inhibition of deep-sea mining sediment plumes by polyaluminum chloride

Deep-sea sediment disturbance may occur when collecting polymetallic nodules,resulting in the creation of plumes that could have a negative impact on the ecological environment.This study aims to investigate the potential solution of using polyaluminum chloride(PAC)in the water jet.The effects of PAC are examined through a self-designed simulation system for deep-sea polymetallic nodule collection and sediment samples from a potential deep-sea mining area.The experimental results showed that the optimal PAC dose was found to be 0.75 g/L.Compared with the test conditions without the addition of PAC,the presence of PAC leads to a reduction in volume,lower characteristic turbidity,smaller diffusion velocity,and shorter settling time of the plume.This indicates that PAC inhibits the entire development process of the plume.The addition of PAC leads to the flocculation of mm-sized particles,resulting in the formation of cm-sized flocs.The flocculation of particles decreases the rate of erosion on the seabed by around 30%.This reduction in erosion helps to decrease the formation of plumes.Additionally,when the size of suspended particles increases,it reduces the scale at which they diffuse.Furthermore,the settling velocity of flocs(around 10^(-2) m/s)is much higher that of compared to sediment particles(around 10^(-5) m/s),which effectively reduces the amount of time the plume remains in suspension.

固体火箭尾流场对舱体冲击效应研究

火箭燃气射流对搭载平台的冲击效应是搭载平台表面防护和结构设计的重要依据。为研究不同射角下高速射流对舱体的冲击效果,基于有限体积法,采用SST k-ω湍流模型,建立固体火箭发射过程的三维仿真物理模型。分别在70°射角和56°射角工况下,对固体火箭发动机喷出的燃气射流进行数值模拟,得到了不同时刻射流的特性以及两射角下舱体上表面受射流影响情况,分析射流对舱体表面的冲击效应。分析结果表明,射流冲出喷管后在空气中膨胀,形成曲面激波。抵达舱体表面后压缩,产生高温高压区,随后温度和压力沿舱体表面流动逐渐降低。舱体表面温度和压力变化趋势相一致,56°射角时舱体表面温度较低,受到的冲击效应更大。

基于射流机理的泥浆罐清洗工艺参数研究

针对传统钻井泥浆罐清洗采用人工进罐作业,存在安全隐患及效率低等问题,结合泥浆罐结构和罐内油泥沉积特点,从泥浆罐清洗工艺出发,分析“以油洗油”射流方式对罐内油泥冲击、破碎和溶解的清洗机理,开展射流轨迹模型、喷枪清洗模式、射流打击力等研究。结果表明,当射流压力为0.7 MPa、流量为500 L/min、喷嘴出口直径为18 mm时,以白油为射流清洗介质,当靶距为8 m时,射流打击力为213 N,所研制的三维旋转喷枪完全满足典型钻井泥浆罐清洗作业要求。同时,三维旋转喷枪设置有罐底和罐壁2种分区清洗模式,通过清洗模式的切换,实现泥浆罐全方位清洗。研究结果可为泥浆站钻井泥浆罐安全、高效、自动化清洗提供参考。

飞机除冰冲击射流多相流耦合模型研究

以飞机除冰喷洒作业为研究对象,对冲击射流与冲击壁面进行建模和数值模拟,分析了冲击壁面的速度压力分布特性。用相场函数φ解释了相场和水平集模型模拟出的射流偏转现象,探讨了冲击射流周围压强分布梯度不均匀的原因,以Realizable k-ε湍流模型为基础对比了不同多相流数值模型的模拟结果。发现冲击射流的截面沿着中心轴线呈锥状发展,在滞点处流速迅速衰减为0,压强达到最大值。壁面射流在偏离滞点0.15~0.2 m的位置逐渐获得最大流动速度。最后对比了实验常用的紊流系数与不同多相流模型的模拟结果。综合考虑模型模拟出的速度、压力分布特性及射流紊流系数得出结论:混合物模型和相传递混合模型比较适合进行飞机除冰射流以及类似的大流速、多流体微团类的流动研究。

基于混合射流中的单颗粒子清除汽车漆层分析

以汽车塑料件表面的漆层为研究对象,利用ABAQUS软件中单元删除技术和插入Cohesive单元层方法建立有限元模型。在仿真过程中控制颗粒粒径、内聚能、冲击速度,比较漆层的去除率、冲击达到的深度、冲击动能的情况。结果表明,当2 mm粒径颗粒以40 m/s的速度冲击漆层模型时,冲击点下方Cohesive单元两侧的位置受到剪应力和压应力作用最先出现损伤,竖直方向应力随时间传递到基体内部;Cohesive单元内聚能越大,漆层与基体之间越难以出现分层;组合不同粒径和速度参数研究后发现,当颗粒粒径为0.8~1、1.4~1.6和2 mm,速度分别大于55、40、30 m/s时,冲击深度可超过0.15 mm漆层厚度,到达基体表面。统计损伤的单元数量和体积后发现,粒径分别为1.4、1.6、2 mm的颗粒在速度达到55、45、40 m/s后,除漆率超过4%,粒径和速度组合越大,除漆效果越明显,但是,在实际处理时应选择合适的入射速度和粒径,防止过大的入射速度导致成本增加和基体损伤。

高速射流的瞬态速度及冲击力采集研究

高速催泪射流作为新型武器装备在反恐、治安以及个人防护等公共安全领域具有广阔的应用前景,然而针对高速射流装备的瞬态评估的研究还不足。因此,本文搭建了高速射流的瞬态采集系统,其主要由高速摄像系统和动态力采集系统构成,在此基础上,探究了高速射流近距离的瞬态速度和冲击力,实验结果表明,高速射流在发射装置口处呈圆柱形集束传递,轨迹直径递增,出口速度可达98 m/s,瞬态冲击力持续4 ms,发射口处的冲击力峰值达到460 N,本研究为高速射流装备的效能评估奠定了基础。

建筑基坑工程中旋喷桩施工技术的应用

基坑工程所处的地质条件复杂多变,常伴随着软弱土层、地下水位高等问题,给工程的施工和安全带来了挑战。在此背景下,寻求一种有效的地基处理技术是解决基坑工程问题的关键。文章以某酒店大厦工程为例,简述了旋喷桩加固的基本原理,研究了旋喷桩加固的具体方法,分析了旋喷桩施工对周边环境的影响,确定了影响范围,并阐述了施工工艺改进措施,尽可能减小旋喷桩施工的扰动,以期在保证周边环境安全的前提下顺利施工旋喷桩,取得良好的基坑加固效果。

Fluid flow characteristics of single inclined circular jet impingement for ultra-fast cooling

The fluid flow characteristics of the single bunch inclined jet impingement were investigated with different jet flow velocities,nozzle diameters,jet angles and jet-to-target distances for ultra-fast cooling technology.The results show that the peak pressure varying significantly from nearly 0.5 to above 13.4 kPa locates at the stagnation point with different jet diameters,and the radius of impact pressure affected zone is small promoted from 46 to 81 mm in transverse direction,and 50 to 91 mm in longitude direction when the jet flow velocity changes from 5 to 20 m/s.However,the fluid flow velocity is relatively smaller near the stagnation point,and increases gradually along the radius outwards,then declines.There is an obvious anisotropic characteristic that the flow velocity component along the jet direction is about twice of the contrary one where the jet anlge is 60°,jet diameter is 5 mm,jet length is 8 mm and jet height is 50 mm.

岩弹冲击破岩规律试验研究

针对深部岩层掘进过程中钻具磨损快、掘进效率低等问题,基于粒子冲击破岩技术,提出采用高压气体驱动加速岩弹冲击预裂掘进面岩体,减少钻具磨损。通过SHPB试验和三维扫描试验,测试岩石破坏吸收能和新增表面积,构建岩石冲击破坏吸收能理论模型;采用自主研制的岩弹冲击破岩试验装置研究了气体压力、岩弹质量及岩性对破岩效果的影响。形成了以下结论:基于实测岩石破坏吸收能和新增表面积,得出试验花岗岩岩样比表面自由能γs为6.34 mJ/mm^(2);增大气体压力能够有效提高岩弹冲击动能,使花岗岩吸收能和新增表面积增大,同时岩弹破碎和弹射耗散能随之提高,岩弹冲击动能转化为花岗岩破坏吸收能效率降低;吸收能与岩弹质量和动能乘积成幂次方关系,保持气压不变,增大岩弹质量可在一定范围内提高岩弹冲击动能和花岗岩破坏吸收能,提升破坏效果。但过多提高岩弹质量,导致其动能降低,从而使吸收能转化效率降低。不同岩性的岩石比表面自由能不同,但气体压力、岩弹质量对不同岩性岩石冲击破坏效果的影响基本一致。研究结论为硬岩辅助掘进提供理论和技术支撑。

Defect-free surface of quartz glass polished in elastic mode by chemical impact reaction

Removal of brittle materials in the brittle or ductile mode inevitably causes damaged or strained surface layers containing cracks, scratches or dislocations. Within elastic deformation, the arrangement of each atom can be recovered back to its original position without any defects introduced. Based on surface hydroxylation and chemisorption theory, material removal mechanism of quartz glass in the elastic mode is analyzed to obtain defect-free surface. Elastic contact condition between nanoparticle and quartz glass surface is confirmed from the Hertz contact theory model. Atoms on the quartz glass surface are removed by chemical bond generated by impact reaction in the elastic mode, so no defects are generated without mechanical process. Experiment was conducted on a numerically controlled system for nanoparticle jet polishing, and one flat quartz glass was polished in the elastic mode. Results show that scratches on the sample surface are completely removed away with no mechanical defects introduced, and microroughness(Ra) is decreased from 1.23 nm to 0.47 nm. Functional group Ce — O — Si on ceria nanoparticles after polishing was detected directly and indirectly by FTIR, XRD and XPS spectra analysis from which the chemical impact reaction is validated.

Mechanism of drilling rate improvement using high-pressure liquid nitrogen jet

To address the high rock strength and low drilling rate issues in deep oil/gas and geothermal exploitation, we performed mechanical property tests on three kinds of rock samples(granite, shale and sandstone) subjected to liquid nitrogen(LN2) cooling and conducted rock-breaking experiments using LN2 jet. Rock-breaking characteristics and mechanisms of LN2 jet, heat transfer features between LN2 and rock and thermal stress evolution in rock were analyzed. A novel high-pressure LN2 jet assisted drilling method was proposed accordingly. The study results show that LN2 thermal shock can significantly reduce uniaxial compression strength and elastic modulus of rock. Rock damage and corresponding mechanical deterioration become more pronounced with increasing rock temperature. The LN2 jet has merits of high rock-breaking efficiency and low threshold rock-breaking pressure. Rock failure under LN2 jet impact is characterized by large volume breakage and the rock-breaking performance becomes more significant with increase of rock temperature. Under the impact of LN2 jet, the damage of granite is the most remarkable among the three rock samples. Thus, this method works better for high temperature granite formations. It has a good application prospect in speeding up drilling rate in deep hot dry rock geothermal reservoirs.

基于ALE算法的高速水射流对船体表面冲击特性研究

为探究水射流清洗附着物对船体表面的损伤影响,基于ALE算法研究了不同入射角θ和不同流速v冲击船体表面过程中射流的冲击压力特征和应力特征。结果显示,随着入射角θ增大,靶件所受冲击压力会出现水锤压力与滞止压力阶段。高压水射流动能在适当入射角θ增加,入射角过大(θ=20°)反而会使其降低。以一定入射角θ冲击靶体时,由于剪切效应加强靶体表面与内部应力分布比垂直冲击时更复杂,得出对船体表面材料影响最小的参数组合和最大主应力与射流参数入射角和速度的拟合公式。研究结果对水射流清洗船体表面附着物的应用具有较好的理论意义与实际应用价值。

磨料质量分数对预混合磨料水射流破岩效果的影响

预混合磨料水射流是突破煤矿深长钻孔内高效破煤岩技术瓶颈的有效技术,在坚硬顶板治理、沿空留巷和硬煤增透具有广泛应用前景。磨料质量分数是影响其破煤岩效果的重要因素。为明确磨料质量分数对磨料加速、分布以及冲击动能的影响,基于离散元的耦合模型(CFD-DEM模型),考虑颗粒间的摩擦、碰撞,添加颗粒相体积分数和动量源相,修正VOF多相流模型,开发用户自定义函数(UDF)通信接口,精确计算了磨料质量分数对磨料颗粒加速运动与分布的影响,准确描述了磨料粒子对水射流流场的影响。结合预混合磨料水射流破岩实验,得到了以下结论:在固定压力下,不同磨料质量分数的射流液固能量转化效率不同,导致磨料冲击动能不同。提高磨料质量分数,能够提高破煤岩效果,但存在最优值。每一压力条件下都有与之相适配的最优质量分数,此质量分数下能量转化效率最高,磨料冲击动能最大。如射流压力5 MPa时,80目(0.178 mm)石榴石最优质量分数为11%。同一质量分数下,提高射流压力可提高磨料冲击动能,但是能量转化率和利用率降低。提高压力使射流速度增加,曳力增大,但射流与磨料接触时间缩短,导致射流能量未能及时转化为磨料动能。相较于提高射流压力,适当增加磨料质量分数以提高能量转化效率和能量利用率,是达到最佳破煤岩效果的更经济低能耗的方式。

Experimental investigations of mechanical and reaction responses for drop-weight impacted energetic particles

Low-velocity drop-weight impact experiments on individual and multiple Cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine (HMX) energetic particles were performed using a modified drop-weight machine equipped with high-speed photography components. Multiple particles experienced more severe burning reactions than an individual particle. Comparisons between impacted salt and HMX particle show that jetting in HMX is mainly due to the motion of fragmented particles driven by gaseous reaction products. Velocity of jetting, flame propagation, and area expansion were measured via image processing, making it possible to quantify the chemical reaction or mechanical deformation violence at different stages.

Spray Atomization and Structure of Supersonic Liquid Jet with Various Viscosities of Non-Newtonian Fluids

These experimental investigations are designed to study shock wave characteristics and spray structure. Supersonic liq- uid jets injected into ambient fields are empirically studied using projectile impacts in a two-stage light gas gun. This study looks primarily at the design of the nozzle assembly, the tip velocity of the high speed jet, the structure of the spray jet and the shock wave generation process. The supersonic liquid jets were visualized using an ultra high-speed camera and the schlieren system for visualization to quantitatively analyze the shock wave angle. The experimental re- sults with straight cone nozzle types and various non-Newtonian fluid viscosities are presented in this paper. The effects of nozzle geometry on the jet behavior are described. The characteristics of the shock wave generation and spray jet structure were found to be significantly related to the nozzle geometry. The expansion gases accelerated the projectile, which had a mass of 6 grams, from 250 m/s. As a result, it was found that the maximum jet velocity appeared in the liquid jet with high viscosity properties. Supersonic liquid jets, which occurred at the leading edge the shock waves and the compression waves in front of the jets, were observed. Also, the shock waves significantly affected the atomization process for each spray droplet.

黏性流体液滴撞击超疏水壁面奇异射流的试验与模拟

液滴在特定条件下撞击超疏水壁面会形成奇异射流现象,该现象产生机理及调控机理有待进一步研究.基于高速显微数码摄像技术,研究不同黏度(0.9~27.7 mPa.s)牛顿流体液滴撞击超疏水壁面(静态接触角为158°)的动态行为,归纳奇异射流发生的相图.通过水平集相界面追踪法,建立液滴撞击超疏水壁面的有限元数值模型.研究结果表明:对于中低黏度(甘油质量分数小于67 wt.%)的液滴,奇异射流现象发生在特定的We数区间.随着液滴黏度的增大,发生奇异射流的We数阈值提高.当液滴的黏度大于14.2 mPa·s后,即使继续提高液滴撞击速度(We>100),奇异射流现象不再出现.奇异射流的产生与回缩阶段液滴内空腔的形成有关,且发生射流时空腔底部有很大的压力集中区.黏度的改变会影响液滴内空腔底部气液交界处的界面形态.随着黏度增加,空腔底部气液相界面将由上凸形转变为下凹形,无法形成向上的射流.奇异射流主要发生于Re在700~1000的区域,且在该区间内奇异射流发生的We数区域较宽,可为液滴动力学行为调控提供理论依据.