Joint inversion of gravity and magnetic data for a two-layer model

Based on the synchronous joint gravity and magnetic inversion of single interface by Pilkington and the need of revealing Cenozoic and crystalline basement thickness in the new round of oil-gas exploration, we propose a joint gravity and magnetic inversion methodfor two-layer models by concentrating on the relationship between the change of thicknessI and position of the middle layer and anomaly and discuss the effects of the key parameters. Model tests and application to field data show the validity of this method.

2D joint inversion of CSAMT and magnetic data based on cross-gradient theory

A two-dimensional forward and backward algorithm for the controlled-source audio-frequency magnetotelluric （CSAMT） method is developed to invert data in the entire region （near, transition, and far） and deal with the effects of artificial sources. First, a regularization factor is introduced in the 2D magnetic inversion, and the magnetic susceptibility is updated in logarithmic form so that the inversion magnetic susceptibility is always positive. Second, the joint inversion of the CSAMT and magnetic methods is completed with the introduction of the cross gradient. By searching for the weight of the cross-gradient term in the objective function, the mutual influence between two different physical properties at different locations are avoided. Model tests show that the joint inversion based on cross-gradient theory offers better results than the single-method inversion. The 2D forward and inverse algorithm for CSAMT with source can effectively deal with artificial sources and ensures the reliability of the final joint inversion algorithm.

3D inversion modeling of joint gravity and magnetic data based on a sinusoidal correlation constraint

Joint inversion based on a correlation constraint utilizes a linear correlation function as a structural constraint.The linear correlation function contains a denominator,which may result in a singularity as the objective function is optimized,leading to an unstable inversion calculation.To improve the robustness of this calculation,this paper proposes a new method in which a sinusoidal correlation function is employed as the structural constraint for joint inversion instead of the conventional linear correlation function.This structural constraint does not contain a denominator,thereby preventing a singularity.Compared with the joint inversion method based on a cross-gradient constraint,the joint inversion method based on a sinusoidal correlation constraint exhibits good performance.An application to actual data demonstrates that this method can process real data.

Fast 3D joint inversion of gravity and magnetic data based on cross gradient constraint

The gravity and magnetic data can be adopted to interpret the internal structure of the Earth.To improve the calculation efficiency during the inversion process and the accuracy and reliability of the reconstructed physical property models,the triple strategy is adopted in this paper to develop a fast cross-gradient joint inversion for gravity and magnetic data.The cross-gradient constraint contains solving the gradients of the physical property models and performing the cross-product calculation of their gradients.The sparse matrices are first obtained by calculating the gradients of the physical property models derived from the first-order finite difference.Then,the triple method is applied to optimize the storages and the calculations related to the gradients of the physical property models.Therefore,the storage compression amount of the calculations related to the gradients of the physical property models and the cross-gradient constraint are reduced to one-fold of the number of grid cells at least,and the compression ratio increases with the increase of the number of grid cells.The test results from the synthetic data and field data prove that the structural coupling is achieved by using the fast cross-gradient joint inversion method to effectively reduce the multiplicity of solutions and improve the computing efficiency.

Simultaneous Structure-Coupled Joint Inversion of Gravity and Magnetic Data Based on a Damped Least-Squares Technique

The structure-coupled joint inversion method of gravity and magnetic data is a powerful tool for?developing improved physical property models with high resolution and compatible features;?however, the conventional procedure is inefficient due to the truncated singular values decomposition?(SVD) process at each iteration. To improve the algorithm, a technique using damped leastsquares?is adopted to calculate the structural term of model updates, instead of the truncated SVD. This?produces structural coupled density and magnetization images with high efficiency. A so-called?coupling factor is introduced to regulate the tuning of the desired final structural similarity level.?Synthetic examples show that the joint inversion results are internally consistent and achieve?higher?resolution than separated. The acceptable runtime performance of the damped least squares?technique used in joint inversion indicates that it is more suitable for practical use than the truncated SVD method.

A MATLAB-Based Numerical and GUI Implementation of Cross-Gradients Joint Inversion of Gravity and Magnetic Data

The cross-gradients joint inversion technique has been applied to multiple geophysical data with a significant improvement on compatibility, but its numerical implementation for practical use is rarely discussed in the literature. We present a MATLAB-based three-dimensional cross-gradients joint inversion program with application to gravity and magnetic data. The input and output information was examined with care to create a rational, independent design of a graphical user interface (GUI) and computing kernel. For 3D visualization and data file operations, UBC-GIF tools are invoked using a series of I/O functions. Some key issues regarding the iterative joint inversion algorithm are also discussed: for instance, the forward difference of cross gradients, and matrix pseudo inverse computation. A synthetic example is employed to illustrate the whole process. Joint and separate inversions can be performed flexibly by switching the inversion mode. The resulting density model and susceptibility model demonstrate the correctness of the proposed program.

Deep structural research of the South China Sea: Progresses and directions

The South China Sea(SCS)is the hotspot of geological scientific research and nature resource exploration and development due to the potential for enormous hydrocarbon resource development and a complex formation and evolution process.The SCS has experienced complex geological processes including continental lithospheric breakup,seafloor spreading and oceanic crust subduction,which leads debates for decades.However,there are still no clear answers regarding to the following aspects:the crustal and Moho structure,the structure of the continent-ocean transition zone,the formation and evolution process and geodynamic mechanism,and deep processes and their coupling relationships with the petroliferous basins in the SCS.Under the guidance of the“Deep-Earth”science and technology innovation strategy of the Ministry of Natural Resources,deep structural and comprehensive geological research are carried out in the SCS.Geophysical investigations such as long array-large volume deep reflection seismic,gravity,magnetism and ocean bottom seismometer are carried out.The authors proposed that joint gravitymagnetic-seismic inversion should be used to obtain deep crustal information in the SCS and construct high resolution deep structural sections in different regions of the SCS.This paper systematically interpreted the formation and evolution of the SCS and explored the coupling relationship between deep structure and evolution of Mesozoic-Cenozoic basins in the SCS.It is of great significance for promoting the geosystem scientific research and resource exploration of the SCS.

面向深部矿产资源勘探的井中重磁三维交叉梯度联合反演

单一井中重磁方法解决问题有限,其三维反演具有严重的多解性。开展面向深部矿产资源勘探的井中重磁三维交叉梯度联合反演,采用交叉梯度函数对密度和磁化率进行耦合,综合井中重磁多参数信息进行联合反演,减少反解的多解性,提高深部矿体识别的准确性。通过理论模型和实际资料进行反演分析。结果表明:井中重磁交叉梯度联合反演具有较高的纵向分辨能力,可以显著提高深部矿体识别的准确性,特别是能有效识别深部隐伏矿体。

基于地震和InSAR联合反演2018年M_(L)5.7兴文地震破裂过程

2018年12月16日发生的M_(L)5.7兴文地震很可能是由页岩气水力压裂所诱发,确定此类震级较大的诱发地震的震源破裂过程具有重要意义。文中利用近震数据和InSAR数据联合反演,获得了兴文地震的破裂过程。与单独使用地震数据或InSAR数据进行反演相比,联合反演得到的地震破裂过程可同时拟合2种类型数据,因此具有更高的时空分辨率。联合反演结果显示该地震为典型的单侧破裂,破裂方向近N向。破裂过程的持续时间为6s,能量释放主要集中在前5s,呈分段式破裂。主震破裂过程分为2个阶段:沿着断裂的走向,紧挨着震中的0~5km范围内为破裂的第1阶段(1~3s);距震中6~8km处为破裂的第2阶段(3~5s)。同震滑移主要集中在5km以浅的区域,峰值滑移约为0.27m,这可以解释为何M_(L)5.7兴文地震造成了较为严重的破坏。结合前震和余震分布可以看出,前震主要集中在滑移区的东部,说明该区域在主震发生之前就已发生破裂,意味着该区域可能存在注入的流体。余震主要分布在滑移区周围,是由主震破裂后的余滑引起的。对比单独反演结果,联合反演克服了台站分布不均匀的影响,提高了破裂分布的分辨率,所得结果更加符合真实物理过程。文中联合反演得到的破裂模型为进一步研究诱发地震机理、地震灾害评估和震后防灾减灾奠定了基础。

临河坳陷高效油气勘探综合物探技术及应用

针对临河坳陷主力生烃凹陷不清、构造及地层难以落实、成藏目标不清、突破井位难以落实等长期以来制约勘探的难点问题,提出了适用勘探新区高效勘探的技术路线及关键技术。以基于多种灵活约束机制的中浅层重力多密度界面反演及归一式重力正演剥层为核心,利用深层目标重力异常提取技术重新认识了临河坳陷地质结构。淖西深洼槽是临河坳陷的主力生烃区,临河坳陷南斜坡受黄河断陷槽控制,发育了中央断垒式潜山披覆构造带,具备两侧双源供烃的有利成藏条件,具有巨大的油气勘探潜力;提出并应用基于井、震资料控制的时频电磁模拟退火电阻率约束反演及基于精细地电结构模型的极化率约束反演等时频电磁目标储层油气检测技术,提高了深层目标的电性分辨率及目标储层的油气预测精度,快速锁定JH2x、LH1x及XH1井等靶区目标,为临河坳陷油气勘探的突破发挥了关键先导性作用,为低勘探程度新区、特别是盆地深层油气勘探提供了有效的方法与技术思路。

密井网条件下随机地震反演及其在河道砂体预测中的应用

以大庆长垣油田萨尔图油层为例,研究了密井网条件下随机地震反演方法及其在河道砂体预测中的应用。研究表明：不同厚度砂体的随机地震反演结果符合率差异较大：厚度大于3m的砂体符合率为91%;厚度为2~3m的砂体符合率为83%;厚度小于1m的砂体符合率为70%。随着砂体厚度的减小,符合率降低,井网密度越大,预测精度下降幅度越小。利用＂地震反演引导,井点微相控制＂方法,根据测井曲线形态差异与反演剖面砂体发育状况的分析,能够较为准确地对河道砂体的单一河道边界、走向、井间砂体叠置关系及窄小河道砂体进行描述。利用随机地震反演结果在河道砂体沉积模式的控制下完成油田开发中后期各类河道砂体的精细描述是切实可行的,且效果显著。

准噶尔盆地北部基底结构与属性问题探讨

准噶尔盆地的基底结构与属性一直是地学界关注的焦点问题之一.横跨准噶尔盆地北部,走向近东西的克拉玛依—喀姆斯特地震剖面提供了该盆地北部详细的地壳与上地幔顶部的速度结构与构造,特别是基底顶界面的速度.沿剖面发现了数条走向近南北的"H"型超壳断裂,它们没有明显的断差,断裂处反射系数明显降低,介质的Q值减小,推测具"开裂"性质;利用盆地内1:20万重磁数据完成了重磁联合反演,获得了沿剖面的地壳与上地幔顶部的二维密度结构与二维磁性结构.根据在一定深度范围内介质的速度-密度-岩性之间的关系,确定了盆地北部基底岩性分布.结果表明,准噶尔盆地北部的基底多处为基性和超基性物质,推测为深部(上地幔)物质沿超壳断裂进入地壳内部并对地壳物质进行改造的结果.这一推断得到盆地内部高磁性、高重力异常的支持,也与盆地具有较高的地壳平均速度相一致.综合其他地球物理与地质资料综合分析,给出了综合地质解释剖面,建立了准噶尔盆地北部基底结构与属性的动力学模型.

地震－大地电磁测深资料综合反演

对典型模型的地面地震波场和大地电磁测深地面视电阻率理论记录，用广义线性联合反演方法反演模型参数．在其他因素相同的条件下．比较了两种资料单独反演、综合反演方法的反演效果．结果表明联合反演方法的反演效果最优，并从信息量的角度分析其原因．同时还讨论了有噪音记录的反演、数据和Ｊａｃｏｂｉａｎ矩阵的规一化、迭代收敛性因素和初始模型的选择等问题．

重磁电震资料联合反演黔中隆起物性结构

黔中隆起区地形和构造复杂,地震勘探难度大,资料品质受到一定影响.因此,利用大地电磁测深(MT)资料并结合重力和磁力资料,通过联合反演来重点解决研究区下古生界目的层的分布及基本构造特征.在物性研究基础上,建立该区基本的物理-地质模型.利用MT与地震资料的模拟退火约束同步反演技术,对黔中隆起实际采集的MT资料和地震数据进行了处理,并结合重磁力资料进行了顺序反演和综合解释,确定了该区基本的速度、电性、密度和磁性结构,为构造研究提供了全面和可靠的依据,证明了联合反演技术的有效性和实用性.

中国海-西太平洋地区典型剖面的重-磁-震联合反演研究

重-磁-震联合反演是获取地壳结构的重要方法.此次研究,我们主要基于全球最新的水深、重磁异常、沉积物厚度等数据,结合实测地震数据和前人研究成果,分析了中国海—西太平洋地区的莫霍面展布特征,并利用重磁震联合反演方法获得了跨越中国海-西太平洋典型剖面的地壳结构和异常体分布,揭示了陆壳到洋壳的典型变化规律.结果表明,从浙江地区到马里亚纳俯冲带,地壳结构大致呈现由厚到薄、由老到新、由复杂到简单的特征.浙江地区(扬子块体和华夏块体)地壳结构复杂,三层结构明显,地壳内断裂带发育,并伴有广泛的岩浆侵入;东海地区莫霍面起伏剧烈,地壳厚度变化较大,冲绳海槽地壳明显减薄,是其过渡壳性质的体现;西菲律宾海盆、九州—帕劳海脊、帕里西维拉海盆、马里亚纳俯冲带等构造单元地壳结构相对简单,二层结构明显.其中,西菲律宾海盆和帕里西维拉海盆地壳内部磁异常变化较为剧烈,海盆扩张过程中形成的磁异常体分布广泛,地壳厚度(5~8km)明显小于陆壳;九州—帕劳海脊地壳厚度可达~20km,缺失中地壳,表现为岛弧地壳结构;同源的西马里亚纳岛弧和东马里亚纳火山弧地壳结构相似,浅层磁异常体分布广泛,西马里亚纳岛弧地壳厚度(~17km)略小于东马里亚纳火山弧(~20km),体现了裂离的不对称性;马里亚纳海槽具有正常的洋壳结构(~7km),但扩张中心未发生明显破裂.对比各构造单元地壳结构的异同点,我们进一步认识到,陆壳与洋壳之间不是孤立的,陆壳可能会演化出洋壳的结构或组分,板块的演化总是处于动态循环过程中.此研究加深了我们对中国海—西太平洋深部构造特征的整体理解,促进了我们对大陆边缘演化与板块相互作用的认识,深化了我国管辖海域及邻近地区的基础地质调查.

基于重磁震资料的南海新生代盆地分布综合研究

作为西太平洋最大的边缘海,南海分布有30多个新生代沉积盆地,其蕴含着丰富的油气资源.但由于资料的限制,南海存在不同区域盆地研究程度不同,不同区域盆地面积差别较大,部分盆地只是坳陷而没有达到盆地的级别以及盆地外围可能存在凹陷等问题.南海新生代盆地分布问题制约了其油气分布规律、储量等基础地质问题的研究.本文以地震剖面数据为约束,以重力资料为主、辅以磁力资料,研究了南海新生代盆地分布及构造区划.通过提取新生代盆地及其构造单元引起的重力异常,结合地震剖面等资料反演了新生界底界面深度及新生界厚度.在充分调研已有盆地和构造单元划分方案的基础上,根据南海的地质及地球物理特征,确定了盆地及构造单元划分标准.以新生界厚度为基础并结合重、磁、震、地质等资料,进行地质-重磁震联合解释,将南海原有的36个盆地重新划分为24个盆地,盆地总面积扩大了约15万km^2.研究表明,南海新生代盆地沉积层厚度在1.5~16km之间,有6个北东东/北东向沉积坳陷带、2个近南北向沉积坳陷带以及1个三角沉积坳陷区;盆地展布方向主要为北东和北东东向,其次为北西和近南北向,呈现"南三北三"的分布特征.

井地磁异常模量联合反演

三维反演是磁测数据定量解释的重要方法,在金属矿勘探中扮演着重要的角色.但是在实际矿区的应用中,传统的磁总场异常反演方法依然存在两个问题:一是地面磁异常反演的深度分辨率较低,深部场源体的成像效果差;二是金属矿中可能包含强剩磁,反演结果可能是完全错误的.尽管前人对上述两个问题分别进行了广泛的研究,但尚未尝试同时解决这两个问题.本文在前人研究的基础上,提出了一种井地磁异常模量联合反演方法,该方法需要的控制参数少,无需加入额外的地质信息,且可用于多场源复杂磁异常的反演,具有较强的适用性.本文方法首先将地面和井中磁异常转化为模量数据,然后利用基于核函数或距离的加权函数将井地模量数据结合起来,使得该方法适用于联合反演.我们利用井地多种异常参量进行反演的模型试验表明,在强剩磁存在时,本文方法的效果优于其他方法,在减少剩磁影响的同时,也改善了深部成像效果,具有良好的应用前景.

重磁—地震联合反演解释技术在大杨树盆地深层构造研究中的应用

由于大杨树盆地表层广泛分布的火山岩的强反射屏蔽作用造成地震中、深层反射能量弱,致使盆地基底(T5)及主要目的层九峰山组、龙江组沉积岩分布范围不清,严重制约了勘探进程。通过在GM-SYS重磁拟合软件中加载地震剖面,在地震解释的基础上建立重磁模型,利用地震浅层可靠解释成果做约束条件,减少了重力反演深层构造界面的多解性。在消除高位玄武岩的重力干扰效应后,反演了基底深度,揭示了大杨树盆地南部坳陷区基底形态为两断阶(西部断阶、东部断阶)夹两凹一凸(太平川断陷、玉林屯断陷及格泥乡凸起)的构造格局。经综合分析认为,玉林屯断陷为有利勘探目标区,预测了主要目的层九峰山组、龙江组沉积岩分布范围,为该区的进一步油气勘探奠定了基础。

南黄海某典型剖面重磁震联合反演及综合解释

以航磁资料为主、结合其他地学信息,在南黄海海域选取具有典型性与代表性剖面,进行重磁震联合反演、综合地质地球物理解释,分析南黄海海域磁性基底性质、岩相结构和断裂构造特征,为进一步开展油气勘查、实现油气突破提供科学依据。

井中三分量磁测的梯度张量欧拉反褶积及应用

2006年The Leading Edge第一期详细介绍了磁力梯度张量的理论、仪器与野外试验结果,磁力梯度张量技术已成为磁力勘探新的热点之一。笔者介绍了磁力梯度张量的概念及优点;利用频率域与空间域方法把井中三分量磁测资料换算磁力梯度张量;根据联合反演原理与欧拉反褶积方法,推导了磁力梯度张量的联合反演方程,该方程通过权函数矩阵可以灵活对一个或多个分量反演,比文献[14]方法更具普遍性。理论模型结果表明,磁力梯度张量反演方法对井底异常的定位准确,对于3D模型,一口钻井的资料也能较好确定空间位置。将该方法用于湖北大冶铁矿18-2井三分量磁测资料的解释,得出磁力梯度张量的欧拉解集中在100～180 m与500～550 m两个深度,与钻探结果十分吻合。该结果证实了地质上关于铁矿体分布具两个台阶的推论,对大冶铁矿的深部找矿具有实际意义。