Fast 3D joint inversion of gravity and magnetic data based on cross gradient constraint

The gravity and magnetic data can be adopted to interpret the internal structure of the Earth.To improve the calculation efficiency during the inversion process and the accuracy and reliability of the reconstructed physical property models,the triple strategy is adopted in this paper to develop a fast cross-gradient joint inversion for gravity and magnetic data.The cross-gradient constraint contains solving the gradients of the physical property models and performing the cross-product calculation of their gradients.The sparse matrices are first obtained by calculating the gradients of the physical property models derived from the first-order finite difference.Then,the triple method is applied to optimize the storages and the calculations related to the gradients of the physical property models.Therefore,the storage compression amount of the calculations related to the gradients of the physical property models and the cross-gradient constraint are reduced to one-fold of the number of grid cells at least,and the compression ratio increases with the increase of the number of grid cells.The test results from the synthetic data and field data prove that the structural coupling is achieved by using the fast cross-gradient joint inversion method to effectively reduce the multiplicity of solutions and improve the computing efficiency.

Joint inversion of gravity and vertical gradient data based on modified structural similarity index for the structural and petrophysical consistency constraint

Joint inversion is one of the most effective methods for reducing non-uniqueness for geophysical inversion.The current joint inversion methods can be divided into the structural consistency constraint and petrophysical consistency constraint methods,which are mutually independent.Currently,there is a need for joint inversion methods that can comprehensively consider the structural consistency constraints and petrophysical consistency constraints.This paper develops the structural similarity index(SSIM)as a new structural and petrophysical consistency constraint for the joint inversion of gravity and vertical gradient data.The SSIM constraint is in the form of a fraction,which may have analytical singularities.Therefore,converting the fractional form to the subtractive form can solve the problem of analytic singularity and finally form a modified structural consistency index of the joint inversion,which enhances the stability of the SSIM constraint applied to the joint inversion.Compared to the reconstructed results from the cross-gradient inversion,the proposed method presents good performance and stability.The SSIM algorithm is a new joint inversion method for petrophysical and structural constraints.It can promote the consistency of the recovered models from the distribution and the structure of the physical property values.Then,applications to synthetic data illustrate that the algorithm proposed in this paper can well process the synthetic data and acquire good reconstructed results.

Joint inversion of gravity and magnetic data for a two-layer model

Based on the synchronous joint gravity and magnetic inversion of single interface by Pilkington and the need of revealing Cenozoic and crystalline basement thickness in the new round of oil-gas exploration, we propose a joint gravity and magnetic inversion methodfor two-layer models by concentrating on the relationship between the change of thicknessI and position of the middle layer and anomaly and discuss the effects of the key parameters. Model tests and application to field data show the validity of this method.

3D inversion modeling of joint gravity and magnetic data based on a sinusoidal correlation constraint

Joint inversion based on a correlation constraint utilizes a linear correlation function as a structural constraint.The linear correlation function contains a denominator,which may result in a singularity as the objective function is optimized,leading to an unstable inversion calculation.To improve the robustness of this calculation,this paper proposes a new method in which a sinusoidal correlation function is employed as the structural constraint for joint inversion instead of the conventional linear correlation function.This structural constraint does not contain a denominator,thereby preventing a singularity.Compared with the joint inversion method based on a cross-gradient constraint,the joint inversion method based on a sinusoidal correlation constraint exhibits good performance.An application to actual data demonstrates that this method can process real data.

Joint inversion of gravity and seismic data along a profile across the seismogenic fault of 2010 Yushu Ms7. 1 earthquake

Yushu Ms7.1 earthquake occurred on the Ganzi-Yushu fault zone, across which we carried out a joint relative-gravity and seismic-reflection survey, and then performed a gravity inversion constrained by the seismic-reflection result. Based on the data of complete Bouguer gravity anomaly and seismic reflection, we obtained a layered interface structure in deep crust down to Moho. Our study showed that the inversion could reveal the interfaces of strata along the survey profile and the directions of regional faults in two-dimension. From the characteristics of the observed topography of the Moho basement, we tentatively confirmed that the uplift of eastern edge of Qinghai-Tibet plateau was caused by the subduetion of the Indian plate.

3D joint inversion of surface and borehole gravity data using zeroth-order minimum entropy regularization

Surface and borehole gravity data contain complementary information.Thus,the joint inversion of these two data types can help retrieve the real spatial distributions of density bodies.When a sharp boundary exists between an anomalous density body and its surrounding rock,the interface recovered by smooth inversion with Tikhonov regularization is not clear,leading to difficulties in the subsequent geological interpretation.In this work,we develop a joint inversion of surface and borehole gravity data using zeroth-order minimum entropy regularization.The method takes advantage of the complementary information from surface and borehole gravity data to enhance the imaging resolution of density bodies.It also produces a focused imaging of bodies through the zeroth-order minimum entropy regularization without requiring a preselection of a proper focusing parameter.We apply the developed joint inversion approach to three diff erent synthetic data sets.Inversion results show that the focusing inversion with the zeroth-order minimum entropy regularization provides a good description of the true spatial extent of anomalous density bodies.Meanwhile,the joint focusing inversion reconstructs a more reliable density model with a relatively high resolution when a density body is passed through by one or more boreholes.

3D Joint inversion of gravity and gravity tensor data

The processing and interpretation of gravity and gradient data plays an important role in geophysics.The cross gradient joint inversion is usually used for achieving structure coupling of multiple geophysical models. In order to realize the coupling of gravity and gravity tensor data,the authors analyzed each component.The results show that different types of data contain different direction information,and derived the joint inversion based on cross gradient function and applied it to model data. The theoretical model results show that the cross gradient method can reduce the multi solution and significantly improve the resolution of the inversion.The method was also applied to inverse the gravity tensor data in Vinton salt dome,showing that this method can get higher resolution results than the separate linear inversion,and be closer to the real density from drilling data.

Simultaneous Structure-Coupled Joint Inversion of Gravity and Magnetic Data Based on a Damped Least-Squares Technique

The structure-coupled joint inversion method of gravity and magnetic data is a powerful tool for?developing improved physical property models with high resolution and compatible features;?however, the conventional procedure is inefficient due to the truncated singular values decomposition?(SVD) process at each iteration. To improve the algorithm, a technique using damped leastsquares?is adopted to calculate the structural term of model updates, instead of the truncated SVD. This?produces structural coupled density and magnetization images with high efficiency. A so-called?coupling factor is introduced to regulate the tuning of the desired final structural similarity level.?Synthetic examples show that the joint inversion results are internally consistent and achieve?higher?resolution than separated. The acceptable runtime performance of the damped least squares?technique used in joint inversion indicates that it is more suitable for practical use than the truncated SVD method.

A MATLAB-Based Numerical and GUI Implementation of Cross-Gradients Joint Inversion of Gravity and Magnetic Data

The cross-gradients joint inversion technique has been applied to multiple geophysical data with a significant improvement on compatibility, but its numerical implementation for practical use is rarely discussed in the literature. We present a MATLAB-based three-dimensional cross-gradients joint inversion program with application to gravity and magnetic data. The input and output information was examined with care to create a rational, independent design of a graphical user interface (GUI) and computing kernel. For 3D visualization and data file operations, UBC-GIF tools are invoked using a series of I/O functions. Some key issues regarding the iterative joint inversion algorithm are also discussed: for instance, the forward difference of cross gradients, and matrix pseudo inverse computation. A synthetic example is employed to illustrate the whole process. Joint and separate inversions can be performed flexibly by switching the inversion mode. The resulting density model and susceptibility model demonstrate the correctness of the proposed program.

Effective elastic thickness of the lithosphere from joint inversion in western China and its implications

The western China lies in the convergence zone between Eurasian and Indian plates.It is an ideal place to study the lithosphere dynamics and tectonic evolutions on the continental Earth.The lithospheric strength is a key factor in controlling the lithosphere dynamics and deformations.The effective elastic thickness(T_(e))of the lithosphere can be used to address the lithospheric strength.Previous researchers only used one of the admittance or coherence methods to investigate the T_(e) in the western China.Moreover,most of them ignored the internal loads of the lithosphere during the T_(e) calculation,which can produce large biases in the T_(e) estimations.To provide more reliable T_(e) estimations,we used a new joint inversion method that integrated both admittance and coherence techniques to compute the T_(e) in this study,with the WGM2012 gravity data,the ETOPO1 topographic data,and the Moho depths from the CRUST1.0 model.The internal loads are considered and investigated using the load ratio(F).Our results show that the joint inversion method can yield reliable T_(e) and F values.Based on the analysis of T_(e) and F distributions,we suggest(1)the northern Tibetan Plateau could be the front edge of the plate collision of Eurasian and Indian plates;(2)the southern and part of central Tibetan Plateau have a strong lithospheric mantle related to the rigid underthrusting Indian plate;(3)the southeastern Tibetan Plateau may be experiencing the delamination of lithosphere and upwelling of asthenosphere.

Multi-component joint inversion of gravity gradient based on fast forward calculation

With the development of gravity gradient full tensor measurement technique,three-dimensional( 3D) inversion based on gravity gradient tensor can provide more accurate information. But the forward calculation of 3D full tensor sensitivity matrix is very time-consuming,which restricts its development and application.According to the symmetry of the kernel function,the authors reconstruct the underground source of geological body to avoid repeat computation of the same value,and work out the corresponding relationship between the response of geological body to the observation point and the response of reconstructed geological body to the observation point. According to the relationship,rapid calculation of full tensor gravity sensitivity matrix can be achieved. The model calculation shows that this method can increase the speed of 30-45 times compared with the traditional calculation method. The sensitivity matrix is applied to the multi-component inversion of gravity gradient. The application of this method on the measured data provides the basis for the promotion of the method.

COMPREHENSIVE INTEGRATION METHODS AND APPLICATION OF GRAVITY-MAGNETIC DATA IMAGE

the technique of image processing and analysis of gravity and magnetic data is one of themost effective ways to extract geological information from gravity and msanetic data. The presentpaper investigates, from an angle of generalized joint inversion, thc methods and procedures ofcomprehensive processing of multi-source geological image , and a specific example in Huai Nan coalfield is given here as well.

Deep structural research of the South China Sea: Progresses and directions

The South China Sea(SCS)is the hotspot of geological scientific research and nature resource exploration and development due to the potential for enormous hydrocarbon resource development and a complex formation and evolution process.The SCS has experienced complex geological processes including continental lithospheric breakup,seafloor spreading and oceanic crust subduction,which leads debates for decades.However,there are still no clear answers regarding to the following aspects:the crustal and Moho structure,the structure of the continent-ocean transition zone,the formation and evolution process and geodynamic mechanism,and deep processes and their coupling relationships with the petroliferous basins in the SCS.Under the guidance of the“Deep-Earth”science and technology innovation strategy of the Ministry of Natural Resources,deep structural and comprehensive geological research are carried out in the SCS.Geophysical investigations such as long array-large volume deep reflection seismic,gravity,magnetism and ocean bottom seismometer are carried out.The authors proposed that joint gravitymagnetic-seismic inversion should be used to obtain deep crustal information in the SCS and construct high resolution deep structural sections in different regions of the SCS.This paper systematically interpreted the formation and evolution of the SCS and explored the coupling relationship between deep structure and evolution of Mesozoic-Cenozoic basins in the SCS.It is of great significance for promoting the geosystem scientific research and resource exploration of the SCS.

高精度重磁方法寻找隐伏矽卡岩型铁矿

位于华北克拉通东部的鲁中莱芜地区是矽卡岩型富铁矿重要产区,矿床主要产于矿山岩体与中奥陶统碳酸盐岩地层的接触带中。本文利用最新重磁测量成果,对矿山岩体外围西部石家泉—刘家庙一带重磁异常特征进行了细致研究,结合区内已知铁矿重磁场特征,圈定了深部找矿靶区。在成矿有利地段布设了大比例尺重磁剖面,以已知钻孔为约束条件,利用2.5D重磁联合反演技术,对重磁异常进行了定性及定量解释。解释结果为后续钻孔位置布设及深度预测提供了依据,该钻孔揭露了15.8 m厚的富铁矿,找矿效果显著,为今后本区进一步寻找矽卡岩型铁矿提供了重要指示依据。

重力反演技术在超深层储层预测中的应用——以准噶尔盆地腹部为例

准噶尔盆地超深层勘探潜力巨大,应用地震资料进行储层预测是目前油气勘探的主要技术手段,但由于超深层地震资料信噪比低,储-震对应关系不明确,且实钻井少,难以建立有效的地震反演初始模型,这些问题均制约了地震反演技术在超深层储层预测中的应用。重力反演作为一种重要的定量解释手段,可以得到地下的密度分布特征,为地质解释提供支持,根据密度模型可以为地震反演建立相对可靠的低频模型,在一定程度上克服了地震资料在超深层应用的困难,同时重力资料的取得相较于地震资料经济便捷,更易于在实际中应用。因此,提出一种将重力反演应用于地震储层预测的新技术。首先针对重力反演不适定问题,提出基于高斯径向基函数的拟神经网络重力反演技术,提高了重力反演的分辨率和可靠性;其次将重力反演获得的密度模型作为训练数据,与地震和测井数据共同训练神经网络,建立了地震反演的初始模型;最后在初始模型约束下开展地震反演。该技术突破了单一地震资料在超深层储层预测中的应用瓶颈,克服了测井约束的限制,为地震反演提供了可靠的初始模型。应用该技术对准噶尔盆地超深层碎屑岩储层进行预测,结果符合现有地质认识,说明该技术对超深层储层预测具有较高的实用价值和应用潜力,可以为超深层勘探提供技术支持。

面向深部矿产资源勘探的井中重磁三维交叉梯度联合反演

单一井中重磁方法解决问题有限,其三维反演具有严重的多解性。开展面向深部矿产资源勘探的井中重磁三维交叉梯度联合反演,采用交叉梯度函数对密度和磁化率进行耦合,综合井中重磁多参数信息进行联合反演,减少反解的多解性,提高深部矿体识别的准确性。通过理论模型和实际资料进行反演分析。结果表明:井中重磁交叉梯度联合反演具有较高的纵向分辨能力,可以显著提高深部矿体识别的准确性,特别是能有效识别深部隐伏矿体。

近震体波走时与重力联合反演华北地区地壳上地幔顶部P波速度结构

华北是克拉通破坏的典型案例,也是陆内强震活动最为强烈、频繁的地区之一,对该区壳幔速度结构进行研究,可为深化认识克拉通的形成演化、板内强震与火山发生机理等研究提供重要的深部约束.利用202个固定台站、360个流动台站所记录到的天然地震事件P波资料和实测布格重力异常,采用近震体波走时与重力联合反演方法获得了地壳、上地幔顶部P波速度结构.重力资料的引入不仅对壳幔结构进行了更合理的约束,而且有效提高了浅层和边缘射线分布稀疏区的成像能力.联合成像结果显示,鄂尔多斯地块和华北平原浅层表现为明显的低速异常,可能与其存在厚的松软沉积层有关;鄂尔多斯东部上地壳存在明显的P波高速异常,推测该高速异常与古元古代孔兹岩带的形成有关.大同火山区15~25 km和25~40 km表现为明显的低速异常,且这两个低速层是连通的,推测与地幔热物质上涌导致的多期次岩浆侵位有关.三河—平谷8.0级地震和邢台7.2级地震震源都位于脆性的上地壳,均下伏低速异常,推测在区域动力环境加载作用下,韧性的壳内蠕变导致脆性上地壳岩石中弹性应变能的局部积累,从而引起地震的发生.

重磁井震联合正反演技术在二连盆地深层目标勘探中的应用

二连盆地具有丰富的油气资源,前白垩系作为盆地的主力生油层系,其含油气性早已被证实。但该盆地高力罕凹陷及周缘整体勘探程度较低,早期完成的少量二维地震仅局限在几个独立的凹陷内,无法连片,缺少对该区整体地质结构的认识,油气勘探至今未能取得显著效果。前期研究发现,二连盆地前白垩系地层分布面积广,烃源岩有机质丰度高,成熟度高,处于成熟凝析油湿气阶段。前白垩系地层钻探程度低,探索前白垩系含油气性,实现二连盆地新层系勘探突破,拓展二连盆地战略接替新层系。近年来,高精度重磁勘探通过重磁井震联合正反演等针对性处理解释技术,较好恢复了该盆地前白垩纪盆地原貌,有望开启研究二连盆地深层地质结构的新篇章。

速度—密度双参数重震联合反演方法

速度和密度参数在地震资料处理和储层预测中发挥着重要作用,然而多参数间的相互耦合使密度在全波形反演中难以重构。为获得更准确的密度信息,将重力梯度数据纳入全波形反演过程,优化密度更新算法,并制定了一种重震联合反演策略。首先,通过重力梯度数据反演,获得反映地下介质整体密度信息的初始模型,再进行速度—密度参数同步联合反演目标函数的构建及求解。本文方法避免了先验速度—密度关系的限制,降低了对初始模型的依赖程度,模型试算结果表明,重力梯度数据的加入改善了波形反演密度结果的质量,验证了该方法的有效性和准确性,具有较大的应用潜力。

临河坳陷高效油气勘探综合物探技术及应用

针对临河坳陷主力生烃凹陷不清、构造及地层难以落实、成藏目标不清、突破井位难以落实等长期以来制约勘探的难点问题,提出了适用勘探新区高效勘探的技术路线及关键技术。以基于多种灵活约束机制的中浅层重力多密度界面反演及归一式重力正演剥层为核心,利用深层目标重力异常提取技术重新认识了临河坳陷地质结构。淖西深洼槽是临河坳陷的主力生烃区,临河坳陷南斜坡受黄河断陷槽控制,发育了中央断垒式潜山披覆构造带,具备两侧双源供烃的有利成藏条件,具有巨大的油气勘探潜力;提出并应用基于井、震资料控制的时频电磁模拟退火电阻率约束反演及基于精细地电结构模型的极化率约束反演等时频电磁目标储层油气检测技术,提高了深层目标的电性分辨率及目标储层的油气预测精度,快速锁定JH2x、LH1x及XH1井等靶区目标,为临河坳陷油气勘探的突破发挥了关键先导性作用,为低勘探程度新区、特别是盆地深层油气勘探提供了有效的方法与技术思路。