Joint inversion of gravity and magnetic data for a two-layer model

Based on the synchronous joint gravity and magnetic inversion of single interface by Pilkington and the need of revealing Cenozoic and crystalline basement thickness in the new round of oil-gas exploration, we propose a joint gravity and magnetic inversion methodfor two-layer models by concentrating on the relationship between the change of thicknessI and position of the middle layer and anomaly and discuss the effects of the key parameters. Model tests and application to field data show the validity of this method.

Fast 3D joint inversion of gravity and magnetic data based on cross gradient constraint

The gravity and magnetic data can be adopted to interpret the internal structure of the Earth.To improve the calculation efficiency during the inversion process and the accuracy and reliability of the reconstructed physical property models,the triple strategy is adopted in this paper to develop a fast cross-gradient joint inversion for gravity and magnetic data.The cross-gradient constraint contains solving the gradients of the physical property models and performing the cross-product calculation of their gradients.The sparse matrices are first obtained by calculating the gradients of the physical property models derived from the first-order finite difference.Then,the triple method is applied to optimize the storages and the calculations related to the gradients of the physical property models.Therefore,the storage compression amount of the calculations related to the gradients of the physical property models and the cross-gradient constraint are reduced to one-fold of the number of grid cells at least,and the compression ratio increases with the increase of the number of grid cells.The test results from the synthetic data and field data prove that the structural coupling is achieved by using the fast cross-gradient joint inversion method to effectively reduce the multiplicity of solutions and improve the computing efficiency.

Simultaneous Structure-Coupled Joint Inversion of Gravity and Magnetic Data Based on a Damped Least-Squares Technique

The structure-coupled joint inversion method of gravity and magnetic data is a powerful tool for?developing improved physical property models with high resolution and compatible features;?however, the conventional procedure is inefficient due to the truncated singular values decomposition?(SVD) process at each iteration. To improve the algorithm, a technique using damped leastsquares?is adopted to calculate the structural term of model updates, instead of the truncated SVD. This?produces structural coupled density and magnetization images with high efficiency. A so-called?coupling factor is introduced to regulate the tuning of the desired final structural similarity level.?Synthetic examples show that the joint inversion results are internally consistent and achieve?higher?resolution than separated. The acceptable runtime performance of the damped least squares?technique used in joint inversion indicates that it is more suitable for practical use than the truncated SVD method.

A MATLAB-Based Numerical and GUI Implementation of Cross-Gradients Joint Inversion of Gravity and Magnetic Data

The cross-gradients joint inversion technique has been applied to multiple geophysical data with a significant improvement on compatibility, but its numerical implementation for practical use is rarely discussed in the literature. We present a MATLAB-based three-dimensional cross-gradients joint inversion program with application to gravity and magnetic data. The input and output information was examined with care to create a rational, independent design of a graphical user interface (GUI) and computing kernel. For 3D visualization and data file operations, UBC-GIF tools are invoked using a series of I/O functions. Some key issues regarding the iterative joint inversion algorithm are also discussed: for instance, the forward difference of cross gradients, and matrix pseudo inverse computation. A synthetic example is employed to illustrate the whole process. Joint and separate inversions can be performed flexibly by switching the inversion mode. The resulting density model and susceptibility model demonstrate the correctness of the proposed program.

3D inversion modeling of joint gravity and magnetic data based on a sinusoidal correlation constraint

Joint inversion based on a correlation constraint utilizes a linear correlation function as a structural constraint.The linear correlation function contains a denominator,which may result in a singularity as the objective function is optimized,leading to an unstable inversion calculation.To improve the robustness of this calculation,this paper proposes a new method in which a sinusoidal correlation function is employed as the structural constraint for joint inversion instead of the conventional linear correlation function.This structural constraint does not contain a denominator,thereby preventing a singularity.Compared with the joint inversion method based on a cross-gradient constraint,the joint inversion method based on a sinusoidal correlation constraint exhibits good performance.An application to actual data demonstrates that this method can process real data.

2D joint inversion of CSAMT and magnetic data based on cross-gradient theory

A two-dimensional forward and backward algorithm for the controlled-source audio-frequency magnetotelluric （CSAMT） method is developed to invert data in the entire region （near, transition, and far） and deal with the effects of artificial sources. First, a regularization factor is introduced in the 2D magnetic inversion, and the magnetic susceptibility is updated in logarithmic form so that the inversion magnetic susceptibility is always positive. Second, the joint inversion of the CSAMT and magnetic methods is completed with the introduction of the cross gradient. By searching for the weight of the cross-gradient term in the objective function, the mutual influence between two different physical properties at different locations are avoided. Model tests show that the joint inversion based on cross-gradient theory offers better results than the single-method inversion. The 2D forward and inverse algorithm for CSAMT with source can effectively deal with artificial sources and ensures the reliability of the final joint inversion algorithm.

3D Joint inversion of gravity and gravity tensor data

The processing and interpretation of gravity and gradient data plays an important role in geophysics.The cross gradient joint inversion is usually used for achieving structure coupling of multiple geophysical models. In order to realize the coupling of gravity and gravity tensor data,the authors analyzed each component.The results show that different types of data contain different direction information,and derived the joint inversion based on cross gradient function and applied it to model data. The theoretical model results show that the cross gradient method can reduce the multi solution and significantly improve the resolution of the inversion.The method was also applied to inverse the gravity tensor data in Vinton salt dome,showing that this method can get higher resolution results than the separate linear inversion,and be closer to the real density from drilling data.

Joint inversion of gravity and vertical gradient data based on modified structural similarity index for the structural and petrophysical consistency constraint

Joint inversion is one of the most effective methods for reducing non-uniqueness for geophysical inversion.The current joint inversion methods can be divided into the structural consistency constraint and petrophysical consistency constraint methods,which are mutually independent.Currently,there is a need for joint inversion methods that can comprehensively consider the structural consistency constraints and petrophysical consistency constraints.This paper develops the structural similarity index(SSIM)as a new structural and petrophysical consistency constraint for the joint inversion of gravity and vertical gradient data.The SSIM constraint is in the form of a fraction,which may have analytical singularities.Therefore,converting the fractional form to the subtractive form can solve the problem of analytic singularity and finally form a modified structural consistency index of the joint inversion,which enhances the stability of the SSIM constraint applied to the joint inversion.Compared to the reconstructed results from the cross-gradient inversion,the proposed method presents good performance and stability.The SSIM algorithm is a new joint inversion method for petrophysical and structural constraints.It can promote the consistency of the recovered models from the distribution and the structure of the physical property values.Then,applications to synthetic data illustrate that the algorithm proposed in this paper can well process the synthetic data and acquire good reconstructed results.

COMPREHENSIVE INTEGRATION METHODS AND APPLICATION OF GRAVITY-MAGNETIC DATA IMAGE

the technique of image processing and analysis of gravity and magnetic data is one of themost effective ways to extract geological information from gravity and msanetic data. The presentpaper investigates, from an angle of generalized joint inversion, thc methods and procedures ofcomprehensive processing of multi-source geological image , and a specific example in Huai Nan coalfield is given here as well.

A 3D Geological Model Constrained by Gravity and Magnetic Inversion and its Exploration Implications for the World-class Zhuxi Tungsten Deposit, South China

The Zhuxi tungsten deposit in Jiangxi Province,South China,contains a total W reserve of about 2.86 Mt at an average grade of 0.54 wt%WO3,representing the largest W deposit in the world.Numerous studies on the metallogeny of the deposit have included its timing,the ore-controlling structures and sedimentary host rocks and their implications for mineral exploration.However,the deep nappe structural style of Taqian-Fuchun metallogenic belt that hosts the W deposit,and the spatial shape and scale of deeply concealed intrusions and their sedimentary host rocks are still poorly defined,which seriously restricts the discovery of new deposits at depth and in surrounding areas of the W deposit.Modern 3 D geological modeling is an important tool for the exploration of concealed orebodies,especially in brownfield environments.There are obvious density contrast and weak magnetic contrast in the ore-controlling strata and granite at the periphery of the deposit,which lays a physical foundation for solving the 3 D spatial problems of the ore-controlling geological body in the deep part of the study area through gravity and magnetic modeling.Gravity data(1:50000)and aeromagnetic data(1:50000)from the latest geophysical surveys of 2016-2018 have been used,firstly,to carry out a potential field separation to obtain residual anomalies for gravity and magnetic interactive inversion.Then,on the basis of the analysis of the relationship between physical properties and lithology,under the constraints of surface geology and borehole data,human-computer interactive gravity and magnetic inversion for 18 cross-sections were completed.Finally,the 3 D geological model of the Zhuxi tungsten deposit and its periphery have been established through these 18 sections,and the spatial shape of the intrusions and strata with a depth of 5 km underground were obtained,initially realizing―transparency‖for ore-controlling bodies.According the analysis of the geophysical,geochemical,and geological characteristics of the Zhuxi tungsten deposit,we discern three principles for prospecting and prediction in the research area,and propose five new exploration targets in its periphery.

Deep structural research of the South China Sea: Progresses and directions

The South China Sea(SCS)is the hotspot of geological scientific research and nature resource exploration and development due to the potential for enormous hydrocarbon resource development and a complex formation and evolution process.The SCS has experienced complex geological processes including continental lithospheric breakup,seafloor spreading and oceanic crust subduction,which leads debates for decades.However,there are still no clear answers regarding to the following aspects:the crustal and Moho structure,the structure of the continent-ocean transition zone,the formation and evolution process and geodynamic mechanism,and deep processes and their coupling relationships with the petroliferous basins in the SCS.Under the guidance of the“Deep-Earth”science and technology innovation strategy of the Ministry of Natural Resources,deep structural and comprehensive geological research are carried out in the SCS.Geophysical investigations such as long array-large volume deep reflection seismic,gravity,magnetism and ocean bottom seismometer are carried out.The authors proposed that joint gravitymagnetic-seismic inversion should be used to obtain deep crustal information in the SCS and construct high resolution deep structural sections in different regions of the SCS.This paper systematically interpreted the formation and evolution of the SCS and explored the coupling relationship between deep structure and evolution of Mesozoic-Cenozoic basins in the SCS.It is of great significance for promoting the geosystem scientific research and resource exploration of the SCS.

THREE-DIMENSIONAL GRAVITY-MAGNETIC CROSS-GRADIENT JOINT INVERSION BASED ON STRUCTURAL COUPLING AND A FAST GRADIENT METHOD

In order to effectively solve the low precision problem of the single gravity density inversion and the magnetic susceptibility inversion,and the limitation of the gravity?magnetic joint inversion method based on the petrophysical parameter constraint,this paper studies the three-dimensional gravity?magnetic cross-gradient joint inversion based on the structural coupling and the fast optimization algorithm.Based on the forward and inversion modeling of three-dimensional gravity density and three-dimensional magnetic susceptibility using the same underground grid,along with cross-gradient coupling as the structural cons train t,we propose a new gravit y?magnetic joint inversion objective function including the data fitting term,the total variation regularization constraint term and the crossgradient term induced by the structural coupling?The depth weighted constraint and the data weighting constraint are included into the objective function,which requires different physical property models to minimize their respective data residuals.At the same time,the cross-gradient term tends to zero,so that the structure of the gravity and magne ic models tends to be consistent.In realization,we address a fast and efficient gradient algorithm to iteratively solve the objective function.We apply this new joint inversion algorithm to the 3D gravity-magnetic model inversion test and compare it with the results of a single inversion algorithm.The experimental tests of synthetic data indicate that the gravity-magnetic cross-gradient joint inversion method can effectively improve the accuracy of the anomaly position and numerical accuracy of the inverted anomaly physical parameters compared with the single physical inversion method.

高精度重磁方法寻找隐伏矽卡岩型铁矿

位于华北克拉通东部的鲁中莱芜地区是矽卡岩型富铁矿重要产区,矿床主要产于矿山岩体与中奥陶统碳酸盐岩地层的接触带中。本文利用最新重磁测量成果,对矿山岩体外围西部石家泉—刘家庙一带重磁异常特征进行了细致研究,结合区内已知铁矿重磁场特征,圈定了深部找矿靶区。在成矿有利地段布设了大比例尺重磁剖面,以已知钻孔为约束条件,利用2.5D重磁联合反演技术,对重磁异常进行了定性及定量解释。解释结果为后续钻孔位置布设及深度预测提供了依据,该钻孔揭露了15.8 m厚的富铁矿,找矿效果显著,为今后本区进一步寻找矽卡岩型铁矿提供了重要指示依据。

面向深部矿产资源勘探的井中重磁三维交叉梯度联合反演

单一井中重磁方法解决问题有限,其三维反演具有严重的多解性。开展面向深部矿产资源勘探的井中重磁三维交叉梯度联合反演,采用交叉梯度函数对密度和磁化率进行耦合,综合井中重磁多参数信息进行联合反演,减少反解的多解性,提高深部矿体识别的准确性。通过理论模型和实际资料进行反演分析。结果表明:井中重磁交叉梯度联合反演具有较高的纵向分辨能力,可以显著提高深部矿体识别的准确性,特别是能有效识别深部隐伏矿体。

加权空间内约束型反演方法研究

笔者等分析了正则化项对反演效果的影响,为了使正则化项在反演过程中起到更好的约束作用,将传统的加权空间正则化约束改为原始空间解的L2正则化,强化了正则化系数在反演过程中的作用,提升了反演精度。1加权空间内约束型反演重磁物性反演能够直观地获得地下的密度和磁化率结构.

临河坳陷高效油气勘探综合物探技术及应用

针对临河坳陷主力生烃凹陷不清、构造及地层难以落实、成藏目标不清、突破井位难以落实等长期以来制约勘探的难点问题,提出了适用勘探新区高效勘探的技术路线及关键技术。以基于多种灵活约束机制的中浅层重力多密度界面反演及归一式重力正演剥层为核心,利用深层目标重力异常提取技术重新认识了临河坳陷地质结构。淖西深洼槽是临河坳陷的主力生烃区,临河坳陷南斜坡受黄河断陷槽控制,发育了中央断垒式潜山披覆构造带,具备两侧双源供烃的有利成藏条件,具有巨大的油气勘探潜力;提出并应用基于井、震资料控制的时频电磁模拟退火电阻率约束反演及基于精细地电结构模型的极化率约束反演等时频电磁目标储层油气检测技术,提高了深层目标的电性分辨率及目标储层的油气预测精度,快速锁定JH2x、LH1x及XH1井等靶区目标,为临河坳陷油气勘探的突破发挥了关键先导性作用,为低勘探程度新区、特别是盆地深层油气勘探提供了有效的方法与技术思路。

重磁井震联合正反演技术在二连盆地深层目标勘探中的应用

二连盆地具有丰富的油气资源,前白垩系作为盆地的主力生油层系,其含油气性早已被证实。但该盆地高力罕凹陷及周缘整体勘探程度较低,早期完成的少量二维地震仅局限在几个独立的凹陷内,无法连片,缺少对该区整体地质结构的认识,油气勘探至今未能取得显著效果。前期研究发现,二连盆地前白垩系地层分布面积广,烃源岩有机质丰度高,成熟度高,处于成熟凝析油湿气阶段。前白垩系地层钻探程度低,探索前白垩系含油气性,实现二连盆地新层系勘探突破,拓展二连盆地战略接替新层系。近年来,高精度重磁勘探通过重磁井震联合正反演等针对性处理解释技术,较好恢复了该盆地前白垩纪盆地原貌,有望开启研究二连盆地深层地质结构的新篇章。

综合地球物理方法在莱芜地区富铁矿深部找矿中的应用

根据高精度航空磁测成果结合以往地质勘查资料分析,在张家洼铁矿Ⅲ矿床西北侧的冶庄地区,有一处向北凸起的低缓分支磁异常,推断为隐伏磁性体引起的反应,具有较好的找矿潜力;选取区内的典型剖面,综合利用地质、高精度磁法、重力、可控源音频大地电磁法等资料,开展了重、磁、电剖面联合精细反演,推断了奥陶纪碳酸盐岩地层与中生代闪长岩体接触带的空间展布特征以及隐伏矿体的主要赋矿带;结合已知地质资料综合研究认为,闪长岩体局部突起倾角较小的一侧是赋存隐伏铁矿床的有利位置。通过钻探验证,揭露的深部盲矿体位置与预测结果基本一致,证明综合地球物理方法在莱芜地区富铁矿深部找矿中效果突出,为在该地区进一步开展富铁矿的深部勘探工作提供有价值的参考。

基于源体生长思想的全张量重力梯度数据联合反演

基于源体生长思想的三维反演是一种使用系统搜索的反演方法。和正则化反演相比,该方法计算量小,运算速度快。源体生长的判断准则是其核心,影响着结果质量。本文提出了一种全张量重力梯度数据源体生长反演方法,旨在提高纵向的反演效果。首先,在判断准则中引入深度加权函数,优化对不同深度上源体生长的判断;其次,根据单分量梯度数据反演结果,调整不同类型数据的权重,建立联合反演方法;最后,利用矩阵压缩减少内存占用,提高反演计算效率。通过模型数据与文顿盐丘地区实测数据试验,证明了提出的方法能够有效地引导源体生长,对深部目标具有更高的分辨能力,适用于较复杂形态目标的反演,且具有较高的计算效率和抗噪性。

基于重磁联合反演及三维可视化技术的玲珑复式岩体深部形态研究及其地质意义

玲珑复式岩体是胶东西北部著名的花岗大岩体,也是胶东金矿集区最为重要的赋矿岩石,以花岗岩为围岩或主要以花岗岩为围岩的金矿约占胶东金矿集区总金金属储量的90%以上。以胶东地区21世纪以来完成的1/5万高精度重磁数据为基础,在已知地质、钻探和大深度地球物理探测剖面等资料的约束下,采用人机交互的重磁联合反演方法,综合解释了胶东西北部47条剖面的二维地质特征,利用三维可视化平台构建了玲珑复式岩体三维模型,综合解释的玲珑复式岩体中心厚度约为15 km,呈不规则蘑菇云状,其核部可能有较大规模白垩纪A型花岗岩侵入。研究结果对于认识胶东金矿成矿后的变化保存情况和深部金资源预测评价具有重要的参考意义。