Multimodal Discourse Analysis of Judges’Footing Shifts in Criminal Courtroom

The paper,based on the concept of FOOTING,makes a multimodal discourse analysis of the relationship between the judge’s discourse and his footing shifts in a criminal courtroom.The results show that in the interaction,multimodal resources in judges’discourse include conversational features(prolonging keywords,interrupting,repeating,taking turns,etc.),acoustic ones(ascending F0 for pitches and d B for intensity,transition tracks between consonants and formants of vowels,duration of some keywords in important sentences,etc.),and visual ones(facing other parties,facing the materials,etc.).The multimodal resources activate different judges’footings,including ANIMATOR,ANIMATOR+AUTHOR and ANIMATOR+AUTHOR+PRINCIPAL,and identify the judge’s footing shifts in the courtroom.The results also demonstrate that the judge’s footing shifts perform the functions of trial organizing,information confirming,fact investigating,spokesperson of the collegial panel,law educating and so on in criminal trials.

The Effects of Greenhouse Gases Regulation on Wages and Rents: Policy Issues and General Equilibrium Analysis

The stringency of environmental policy is likely to change the gains of economic agents. Using a general equilibrium model and an assumption that capital-intensive industries tend to be intensive emitters of greenhouse gases (GHG), we find that a stricter GHG emission scheme will reduce the rent for capital owners but increase the wage for workers. This effect could motivate capital owners or workers to oppose or support a stricter GHG policy. The paper also empirically assesses the model’s key assumption by using production input (capital stock and labor), output, and GHG emission data from U.S industrial sectors. The regression result supports a strong positive relationship between the capital-labor ratio and the pollution-output ratio. Therefore, the theoretical analysis is relevant to the actual economy.

Wages and Salaries of Czech Men and Women at the Beginning of the Third Millennium and the Impact of the Economical Recession on Their Development

This paper deals with the development of the wage distribution in the Czech Republic since 2003, according to gender. It is a development of descriptive characteristics of location, differentiation and shape of wage distribution, but also the development of concentration characteristic of wage distribution. Gross monthly wage of Czech employees represents the variable under research. Emphasis is placed on changes in the development of wage distribution since 2009 in connection with the onset of economic recession. The economic crisis has greatly influenced the development of the wage distribution in the Czech Republic, wage growth virtually stopped at this time. Differences in the development of wage distribution between men and women in the Czech Republic are also under this research. Development of wage distribution has been studied by modelling the distribution. Three-parametric lognormal curves are served as a theoretical probability distribution whose parameters were estimated using the L-moment method of point estimate of parameters. Dependence of gross monthly wage on gender has been the subject of research as well. This dependence was researched using one-way analysis of variance. Forecast of wage distribution of men and women in the Czech Republic for the years 2012 and 2013 is included in this research.

Determinants of Wages and Labour Supply in the UK

We explore characteristics of the UK labour market with special emphasis on explanation of the existing wage inequalities, determinants of participation, and variation in the magnitude of hours of labour supplied among individuals. We explain up to 92 percent of variance in the wage rates from the supply side. Accuracy of the model is accounted by a variety of factors relevant to the labour market such as gender gaps, marital status, on and off the job training, fluency in English, and regional characteristics. The study is quite distinct, since it not only incorporates variables pertinent from the economic point of view, but also some quantified qualitative regressors relating to individuals’ opinions and political preferences. Interestingly, we find that the psychological profile of an individual has a very big influence over his decision on whether to participate, but once he joined the labour force his personal beliefs and opinions have no further impact on the probability of finding a job. The chance of being employed once participating depends mainly on the local labour market conditions. We also report unbiased and reliable estimate of labour supply elasticity based on British Household Panel Survey （BHPS） sample.

The Evaluation Rules in the View of the Rhythmic Gymnastics Judges

The Code of Points （COP） is the evaluation tool of Rhythmic Gymnastics （RG） and contributes to its evolution as sport. This tool is applied in competition by the judges who have a crucial role in the performance evaluation. The aim of this study was to characterize the International judges, their perception of the objectivity of their judgment in competitions and their opinions about the content and the reliability of the Code of Points. 162 international RG judges answered a questionnaire specially designed for this study For the data analysis, non-parametric tests were used. According to the judges, the evaluation of the difficulty component in the individual routines has more subjectivity in the items of Mastery （58.6%） and Dance Steps （55.6%） and is less subjective in the body difficulties of Balance （72.2%）. Concerning the execution, the judges consider that the evaluation of the artistic faults is the most subjective in this domain （64.8%）. Within the artistic faults the items unity of the composition and relation between the Music and the Movements, were those which registered higher significant results for the subjectivity in the evaluation （47.5% and 37.0%, respectively）.

Impact of Prevailing Wages on the Cost among the Various Construction Trades

In 1997, the Ohio Senate passed Senate Bill 102 which established the Ohio School Facilities Commission as a separate agency to oversee the rebuilding projects of the public schools in Ohio. The bill also exempted the construction contractors from paying prevailing wages on these projects on the hypothesis that this exemption would lower the construction cost. The purpose of this study is to investigate this hypothesis through the statistical analysis of 8,093 bids received from the years 2000 through 2007 for the schools＇ construction. Union contractors who paid their workers union wages and non-union contractors who did not pay prevailing wages bid these projects. The hypothesis, that prevailing wage laws increased the construction cost, was tested by comparing the bids/SF （square foot） from both groups （union and nonunion） for the different construction trades. The study indicated that there was statistical significant difference between the bids/square foot for union contractors and the bids/square foot for non-union contractors for only the following trades： earthwork, existing conditions, plumbing, electrical and HVAC （heating, ventilation and air conditioning）. The averages of bids/SF from the union contractors were higher than those from the non-union contractors for earthwork, existing conditions and plumbing works, and the opposite for electrical and HVAC works. There was no statistical significant difference in the bids from the communications, concrete, conveying equipment, electronic safety and security, equipment, finishes, fire suppression, furnishings, masonry, openings, structural steel, thermal and moisture protection, plastics and composites and wood works.

Real Interest Rates,Real Wages and Economic Restructuring—Analysis Based on Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium(DSGE)

On the basis of research conducted by Long and Plosser(1983),this paper carries out an in-depth analysis on the relationship between real interest rates,real wage,and macro-economy and economic structure by simulating a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium(DSGE) model and comes to the following conclusions:(1) Increasing the level of real interest rates will expand the share of consumption in GDP,improve the macroeconomic structure,and promote steady economic development;(2) Increasing the level of real wages will enhance economic growth but will not change the economic structure of consumption and investments;(3) Increasing wages will enhance economic growth and expand its share in national income;(4) Increasing wages will not lower output level but will be favorable to the improvement of economic structure.Therefore,this paper argues for interest rates liberalization to achieve long-term,steady economic development in China.

Growing Wages and Changing Demand for Workers in Chinese Enterprises

Taking advantage of company survey data,this paper examines the responsiveness of enterprises in manufacturing sectors to the recent labor market changes characterized by surging wages and shrinking unskilled workers.The result shows that the labor demand elasticity with regard to output is substantial.In other words,growing manufacturing will keep creating jobs and intensify labor scarcity in China.The wage elasticity is-0.40 for unskilled workers and-0.53 for skilled workers,which indicates that Chinese companies are quite responsive to the recent labor market changes.There exists a kind of substitution effect between skilled and unskilled workers,however,the magnitude of elasticity remains small.To promote economic upgrading in China's labor market,institutional and industrial policies should encourage companies to be responsive to the warning signals from the market of production factor.

Effects of Changing Relative Value of Mininimum Wages on Wage Distribution in China:Analysis Based on County-Level Data

On the basis of extending Lee's(1999) model, this paper resolves the problem of biased division in the specification of equation and employs Urban Household Survey(UHS) data,China Household Income Project(CHIP) data and county-level minimum wage data collected by authors to investigate the wage distribution effects of change in the effective minimum wages measured by relative value. The result shows that the effective minimum wage will exert a significant spillover effect on wage distribution at the40 th percentile and below, which is favorable to reducing wage gaps at the bottom. This conclusion holds true under various robustness tests. However, the shrinking effective minimum wage has created a downward drag on wages, thus widening wage gaps at the bottom. The shrinking effective minimum wage contributed 150%,53.8%,45.5% and16.7% to the wage gaps at the 10 th, 20 th, 30 th and 40 th percentiles compared with the 50 th percentile. Therefore, the key to ensuring the effectiveness of minimum wages lies in the implementation of an automatic adjustment mechanism correlated with macroeconomic indicators. Compliance with minimum wages must be guaranteed and change in minimum wages must be measured with relative value.

Development of Wages and Salaries of Czech Employees During the Last Period by Educational Attainment and Forecasts for 2011 and 2012

This paper deals with the development of sample characteristics of wage distribution in recent years in the Czech Republic by the highest educational attainment. Gross monthly wage is the variable investigated. We distinguish the following scale of the highest educational attainment： primary and incomplete education, secondary education without GCSE, secondary education with GCSE, higher vocational and bachelor education and tertiary education. Forecasts of wage distribution have been developed for the next two years for all of these categories. Three-parametric lognormal curve formed the basis of the theoretical probability distribution. Parameter values of relevant three-parametric lognormal curves were then estimated using the method of L-moments of parameter estimation. Forecasts of sample values of L-moments were calculated using trend analysis of their past development and the parameters of three-parametric Iognormal curves for forecasts of wage distribution were calculated using the predicted values of the first three sample L-moments. We have obtained the forecasts of wage distribution by the highest educational attainment on the basis of these probability density functions.

Thoughts Invoked by Wronged Judges

Case: On July 9, 2003, the people’s procuratorate of Ansai County, Shaanxi Province arrested three judges, Zhang Hongming, Liu Jianzhong and Xue Sheng of the people’s court of Zichang County of the same province on charges of "unlawful detention." On September 29, 2003, Ansai people’s court declared the three judges innocent and immediately released them. On September 30, 2003, Ansai people’s procuratorate protested the judgment and appealed to the intermediate people’s court of Yan’an city. On December 18, 2003, the Yan’an

Hourly Wage and the Likelihood of Stealing an Item

Researchers have extensively explored the impact of wages on individuals’ decisions to engage in property crimes. While most of these studies in the past have relied on macro-level data to investigate the relationship between crime rates and hourly wages, this paper takes a novel approach by utilizing micro-level data to examine the influence of hourly wages on the likelihood of stealing an item valued at least $50. The results obtained from the estimations reveal that an increase in hourly wage leads to a decrease in the probability of theft, all other factors being held constant. Further estimation by gender revealed that hourly wages given to both male and female have no bearing on the decision to steal. Additionally, the analysis of the differences in theft probabilities across gender and race demonstrates that males consistently exhibit a higher likelihood of engaging in theft when compared to females across various racial groups.

基于Online Judge与HTML批注技术的实验教学平台设计

交互性是信息化背景下的实验教学面临的问题之一。本文基于Online Judge核心,引入HTML批注技术和AJAX技术,为计算机程序设计类课程设计一个具有良好交互性的实验教学平台。并在利用批注数据对教学过程进行反馈并辅助决策方面进行研究和探索。

Online Judge在C++程序设计课程实践教学中的应用

针对传统应用型本科C++程序设计课程实践教学中存在的问题,将原本应用于训练ACM-ICPC选手的"在线评测系统"引入到教学中来。同时,针对传统的"在线评测系统"由于实施黑盒测试存在的缺陷进行改造,从而使得其能用来训练学生的函数设计能力和面向对象编程能力。让学生得到更加全面、彻底的训练。

面向Online Judge的查询方法及其实现

讨论面向Online Judge(简称OJ)的查询方法与实现技术.重点讨论在本校OJ中查询解题进步情况、作业完成情况等存储过程,及通过WebClient对象查询在它校OJ的解题情况的方法及其实现.

编程网格:一个基于Online Judge的程序设计类课程教学辅助系统

我院以传统的Online Judge系统为基础设计开发了针对在线程序设计实践和教学辅助的编程网格系统。本文首先介绍该系统的目标和总体功能结构，然后详细说明系统中的虚拟教学资源和教学活动，并阐述了系统在此过程中的教学辅助功能。

Online Judge系统的设计开发

阐述了On line Judge系统的功用,及它对训练奥赛选手所起的作用,详细探讨了在线On line Judge系统的实现。

基于Online Judge的C语言程序设计实验课教学改革研究

C语言程序设计实验课是学生练习和巩固C语言知识、加强实践动手能力锻炼的机会,针对在实际教学中无法兼顾每位学生的问题,阐述Online Judge系统如何更好地实现智能评阅,促进实验课更高效地进行。

Online Judge评判内核的设计与实现

针对目前基于B/S结构的Online Judge在线程序评判系统,提出了一种评判内核的实现方法,诠释了OJ系统如何通过评判内核处理用户提交的解题代码和实时获得评判结果的一系列过程.

基于Online Judge的高级语言程序设计课程教学改革

针对培养学生的程序设计能力,提出一种基于Online Judge平台的教学体系,将在线测评系统嵌入常规的高级语言程序设计课程教学中。课程改革和实践表明,基于Online Judge的教学模式能够激发学生的学习兴趣,提高动手能力、创造性思维及竞争意识。