Conceptual Updating and Improvement Path for China’s Criminal Norms of Juvenile Delinquency

China’s criminal norms of juvenile delinquency suffer problems such as outdated legislative models,a lack of special pro-visions on convictions,an extensive criminal punishment system,and an oversimplified rights recovery system.Therefore,it is necessary to find an appropriate path to improve and strengthen the protection of special,prior rights of minors,based on updating relevant concepts.From the perspective of the law of juvenile delinquency,the law of hu-man development reflects the decisiveness of juvenile delinquency,and the law of age-crime curve showcases the stages of juvenile delinquen-cy.In terms of the treatment of juveniles who have committed crimes,the approach to juvenile delinquency in criminal law should shift from“commutation for children at discretion”to“child-friendly”and from social defense to individual rehabilitation.Based on conceptual updat-ing,the criminal norms for juvenile delinquency should be improved in four aspects:first,establishing special rules to broaden the path of exculpation;second,promoting the leniency of sentencing by taking into account the perpetrator factor;third,introducing special types of punishment and methods of enforcement to strengthen preventive and educational punishments;fourth,building a multilevel rights recovery system to ensure the rehabilitation and development of juvenile offend-ers.

“They Call Me Mother”——Experiences of working on cases of juvenile delinquency

Iam a judge, working on cases of juvenile delinquency since September 1987. At the same time, I am a mother. Not only my own children call me "mother," but also many of the youngsters whom I have tried and sentenced. As a mother, I’m sympathetic towards these youngsters who have taken a misstep in life. As a judge,

Analysis on the Reform Path of the Hierarchical Treatment System for Juvenile Delinquents in China

Although it has stipulated a treatment system for juvenile delinquents in the existing law of China,the related provisions are scattered throughout different legal norms and need to be integrated and perfected.The existing treatment of juvenile delinquents,including administrative treatment and judicial treatment,mainly faces the following problems:(a)The treatment measures are too rough and simple to effectively combine punishment with leniency effectively;(b)The hierarchical treatment measures are not perfect enough procedurally;(c)The non-criminal treatment measures do not produce the desired effect.Based on a good understanding of the basic connotations of the hierarchical treatment system for juvenile delinquents,it is necessary to take the following steps:(a)Treat the juvenile delinquents in appropriate ways according to the subject,specific content,and severity of juvenile delinquencies;(b)Take highly-targeted and flexible treatment measures at different stages of criminal proceedings,namely,take criminal coercive measures against juvenile delinquents in a prudent manner and impose criminal punishments against them in a relatively lenient manner,to better help them return to society.

The Health and Morals of Minors： The Glue-Sniffing Epidemic in Louisiana Legislation and Law, 1966-1972

In response to horror stories throughout the country concerning childhood deaths from sniffing model airplane glue, organizations around Louisiana would begin lobbying for legislation to criminalize the practice in 1966. State lawmakers spent much of that summer crafting an anti-glue-sniffing measure for the state. The debates that resulted from the attempt, however, never really focused on the sustainability or practical use of such a law, but instead on the kind of law it would ultimately be -- whether, for example, retailers would be liable for selling glue to minors, even though model airplanes and other kits and toys required such items. Or whether the ingredients in model airplane glue could be classed as schedule one narcotics. Such questions ultimately framed a debate about the fundamental nature of the offense being committed. Ultimately, （unlike other Deep South states） Louisiana decided that sniffing glue was not a drug crime. Instead, it was a problem that affected ＂the health and morals of minors＂.

Confessions of a Closet Comic Book Reader： How Comics Warped Minds and Challenged Cultural Standards

In 1952, the federal government was called upon to investigate the comic book industry in order to determine if reading comic books influenced juvenile delinquency. The United States could not afford to look weak from any angle; the idea of Communist nations exploiting moral weakness of any kind was frightening to many. However, the Soviets were already aware of moral issues on the American home front that were affecting the health of the nation, such as civil rights, sexism （sexual confusion）, a rise in fascism, and juvenile delinquency. This study will discuss the investigation of the comic book industry as the sole contributors to juvenile delinquent issues, as Fredric Wertham charged in his book Seduction of the Innocent. In addition, this study focuses on the ways in which Entertaining Comics （EC） pushed the envelope and challenged Cold War standards of ideal middle class values. Their creative resistance led to the federal investigation which nearly destroyed the comic book industry. Through these investigations, the federal government re-defined the first amendment as it applied to this type of media as a way to curtail what they believed was the Soviet Union＇s efforts to use our own literature as a propaganda tool for their people.

Strategies for Dealing with Gang Activity in Urban Communities

As disturbing as youth and gun violence is, it is not hard to reduce the mortality rate because it is preventable. The information provided in this research will help to get policies waiting to be reviewed by legislators, and any new proposal that reaches the appropriate legislative chamber, reviewed without obstacles and will help to prevent youth violence. Upon completion of this research, the study shows that rates of youth violence have decreased based on programs implemented at the state government level with a stronger juvenile justice system holding offenders accountable to ensure public safety and reduce youth violence and victimization. The study shows that community and school involvement with law enforcement and government agencies are some of the strategies needed to help reduce gun violence and rebuild communities.

Exploring the Influence of Family Education on Children in Red Fin­ger

In recent years,cases of juvenile delinquency have gradually increased,mainly due to indulging in games to kill people;blindly pursuing grades,and committing suicide by jumping off buildings when the rates are unsat­isfactory;some divorced families do not care for their children and thus commit crimes,or some parents dote on their children.The child becomes a pervert and embarks on the road of crime.This article selects the novel Red Finger by the Japanese writer Keigo Higashino because the mother’s exces­sive doting has made the child lawless and embarked on the road of murder.Faced with such a result,the means adopted by the parents turned out to be throwing the corpse,helping the son to cover up the crime,and even forc­ing the son’s criminal behavior on the mother who has Alzheimer’s disease.The juvenile delinquency family is fundamental,and the parents want to raise a child with a good personality;it is necessary to create a harmonious family atmosphere.The social background of Red Finger is Japan in the 1990s.The economic crisis broke out in Japan.Fathers have to work very hard.However,the lack of communication between fathers and children at work for a long time has affected the children’s family happiness.The role of fathers is even just a figure in the mouth of mothers,and the company of parents to children.The education of children and the way of dealing with problems are subtly affecting children’s life values.This paper uses Satya’s family education theory to study the characters’personalities and the influ­ence of family education on children’s growth in the novel Red Finger.

“A New Historic Youth”:Lettrism, Delinquency, and the Fait Divers in Postwar France

This essay seeks to historicize Lettrist activity in France and to situate Lettrist aesthetic productions and destructions in relation to the memory of German Occupation of France during World War II,and to the violent outbursts and acting out of the Lettrists'contemporaries.Isidore Isou and others belonged to a rather unique generation in the history of France-a generation that caused adults a great deal of concern as young men and women committed crimes and acts of violence at unprecedented rates.Attending to the cultural historical specificities of the Lettrists and other young troublemakers in postwar France,I argue that Lettrism,as an aesthetic idea,could never have gained or sustained momentum without the mid-century fait divers,a specific genre of miscellaneous news story.In the years immediately following the end of World War II,the raison d'etre of the young Lettrists in France could perhaps be defined as the construction of situations that would generate banal news items of a very specific nature.Refraining Lettrist activity as essentially compatible with the raw material for faits divers,as defined by Roland Barthes,helps us to appreciate the somewhat-surprising interest the group generated at a historic moment when France had never been more concerned with the gratuitous misdeeds of young men.