The "von Karman vortex street" to the west of Big Island

Satellite-tracked drifting buoy data and altimetry data are used to study the active vortex field to the west of Big Island. A pair of vortexes were observed at the trajectory of buoy in 1995. The westward propagation of the vortex pair is studied in detail by reproducing the loops of each vortex. The orbital period and radius of the pair of vortex are determined to be 10-11 d and 58-68 km. Two arrays of contra-rotating vortices are displayed in the average sea surface height anomaly (SSHA) field to the west of Big Island. Based on the calculation of the fluid dynamical parameter, the 'von Karman vortex street' is proved to be generated to the west of Big Island as the North Equatorial Current impinges upon Big Island from the east. Finally, the analysis of the buoy trajectories in a decade contributes to the conclusion of the pattern of VKVS in a statistical view.

Control of Karman Vortex Street behind a Thin Airfoil at Low Reynolds Number

To control the Karman vortex street formed behind a thin airfoil at a certain incidence, a control cylinder was placed at the suction side apart from the airfoil in the downstream region. Both smoke visualization and hot-wire measurements confirmed that the Karman vortex street was completely suppressed. The mechanism for suppression of the vortex street was examined with a hot-wire survey.

Grid Convergence Property of Three-Dimensional Measurement-Integrated Simulation for Unsteady Flow behind a Square Cylinder with Karman Vortex Street

The purpose of this study was to clarify grid convergence property of three-dimensional measurement-integrated (3D-MI) simulation for a flow behind a square cylinder with Karman vortex street. Measurement-integrated (MI) simulation is a kind of the observer in the dynamical system theory by using CFD scheme as a mathematical model of the system. In a former study, two-dimensional MI (2D-MI) simulation with a coarse grid system showed a fairly good result in comparison with a 2D ordinary (2D-O) simulation, but the results were degraded with grid refinement. In this study, 3D-MI simulation and three-dimensional ordinary (3D-O) simulation were performed with three grid systems of different grid resolutions, and their grid convergence properties were compared. As a result, all 3D-MI simulations reproduced the vortex shedding frequency identical to that of the experiment, and the flow fields obtained were very close, within 5% difference between the results, while the results of the 3D-O simulations showed variation of the solution under convergence. It is shown that the grid convergence property of 3D-MI simulation is monotonic and better than that of 3D-O simulation, whereas those of 2D-O and 2D-MI simulations for streamwise velocity fluctuation are divergent. The solution of 3D-MI simulation with a relatively coarse grid system properly reproduces the basic three-dimensional structure of the wake flow as well as the drag and lift coefficients.

基于气体动理论的二维Karman涡街数值模拟

基于从稀薄流到连续流的跨流域气体动理论统一算法(gas-kinetic unified algorithm,GKUA),通过数值求解考虑转动自由度激发的Boltzmann-Rykov模型方程,得到了一种跨流域非定常流动数值模拟的方法.该求解方法以Boltzmann模型方程为控制方程,在常温状态下如果考虑转动能激发的情况则选用Rykov模型.文中数值求解Rykov模型时,首先基于转动能模对速度分布函数积分以消去分子转动能量这一自变量,在速度空间应用自适应离散速度坐标法与数值积分演化更新计算技术,在位置空间应用3阶WENO空间离散格式和3阶显式Runge-Kutta时间推进.针对经典的二维Karman涡街流动现象进行数值模拟,说明该跨流域非定常流动模拟算法对于连续流区低速流动的适应性.

Kinematics and forces of a flexible body in Karman vortex street

Experiments of a flexible filament in the wake of a cylinder and in free stream were conducted in a vertical soap film tunnel. The experiments distinctly visualized the movement of the filament. Based on the experimental kinematic results, a 2-d panel method was used to calculate the forces acting on the filament. The experiment and numerical results revealed that different from that in free stream, the filament in Karman vortex street flapped at the same frequency as the vortex street, and with smaller amplitude and larger curvature. The filament suffered an evident thrust in Karman vortex street, while a drag appeared in the case of free stream. The dependence of the drag coefficient on the phase relation between the movement of the filament and the Karman vortex street was also studied.

Influence of the Karman Vortex Street on the Broadband Noise Generated from a Multiblade Fan

In the prediction theory for the broadband noise generated from a multiblade fan, the vortices in the Karman vortex street was divided into n pieces. The frequency distribution of the noise was estimated so that the Strouhal number could become constant even if the wake is spread by the diffusion. From the results of the measurement of the internal flow of the fan, it was found that the noise was related to the wake characteristics of the specific location in the scroll casing where the relative flow velocity was high. The noise operating in the vicinity of the maximum efficiency point of the fan was distributed over the domain from 500 Hz to 1250 Hz. It was experimentally proved that the influence of the Karman vortex street on the noise in the domains of high and low frequencies did not exist when the distribution of the estimated sound pressure level corresponded to the measured broadband noise.

高雷诺数下倒虹吸闸墩绕流水力特性

为研究倒虹吸出口闸墩绕流特性,以南水北调某典型倒虹吸为例,基于Flow3D软件建立倒虹吸模型,根据现场原型实测水位、流速进行模型验证;利用该模型模拟了雷诺数6.17×10^(6)~9.38×10^(6)范围下闸墩绕流特性。结果表明,高雷诺数条件下,随着雷诺数的增加,闸墩绕流造成的液面波动幅度增加,中墩液面波动显著大于边墩;闸墩后的尾涡量持续增加,雷诺数对斯特劳哈尔数影响不大;边侧闸墩受力的非对称性明显,边墩闸室间特征流速偏流比存在先增大再减小的变化规律,偏流效应造成的离心距不断增加。本研究可针对性改善输水工程水流流态。

微小口径涡街流量计设计与测量特性研究

涡街流量计是基于流体振荡原理对流量进行测量的流量计,但在低流速下输出的信号很微弱,在实际测量过程中会叠加各种现场产生的噪音。并且目前工业上使用小口径涡街流量计在小流量工况下存在测量局限性,一般最小口径仅到DN15。针对目前涡街流量计存在的问题对DN10及以下的微小口径涡街流量计结构及参数进行研究,以满足工业上的测量新需求。基于模拟仿真计算平台,建立不同尺寸参数的微小口径涡街流量计数值计算模型并进行仿真计算,提出优化的涡街流量计结构尺寸。通过对不同压力监测点的压力波动强度及频率的研究,分析传感器的最佳布置位置。最后以电磁流量计为标准表对所研制的微小口径涡街流量计在微量程段进行了测试,对该被检流量计的误差、精度等参数进行实验,同时对雷诺数与斯特劳哈尔数之间的关系及仪表系数进行分析,结果表明,仿真所获的测量特性与实验测得的特性具有较好的一致性,且该微小口径涡街流量计相对误差优于0.5%,重复性等指标能够满足微量程段内的测量标准。

大流量倒虹吸水力特性研究

为保证大流量倒虹吸能够安全稳定的输水,采用流体动力学软件(CFD)对某工程三维数学模型进行数值模拟,并结合物理模型试验,分析了倒虹吸充水过程中水流变化特点和稳定后的水力特性。结果表明,倒虹吸水流流速最大位置位于管道下坡段,压强最大位置位于管道水平段;充水过程中,倒虹吸边部管道内水流流速较中部水流大8%左右;在水流稳定后倒虹吸下游闸室后存在卡门涡街现象,造成水流流态紊乱,导致下游水面震荡,需要对下游闸墩进行延长或进行墩头结构优化,以减轻涡街强度和水面震荡的影响。

桥墩体型优化数值模拟

南水北调中线工程某段桥墩,水流流过桥墩后会在墩尾产生卡门涡街现象,涡的出现会增大水流阻力,影响输水渠道的过流能力。为了减小桥墩绕流阻力,增大渠道的过流能力,利用Fluent数值模拟软件对不同尾墩的桥墩进行数值模拟,并从流速、涡量、升阻力系数等方面对不同墩尾绕流进行分析。结果显示,随着墩尾流线半径(r)的增大,墩尾的绕流流动变的简单、流速波动降低、流线弯曲度减小、无明显的涡产生、桥墩的升阻力系数下降。综合结果分析,当r=9d时,桥墩对渠道的过流能力影响最小。

基于振动分析的船舶螺旋桨鸣音故障诊断

文章针对某船在试航过程中艉部区域出现的不明金属敲击异响,通过测量异响区域船体的振动信号,分析异响出现和消失时振动频谱结构特征,确定故障原因是螺旋桨鸣音。研究发现,附着在螺旋桨上的海生物发展到一定程度后,会改变桨叶的随边形状,流体在螺旋桨背后形成卡门涡街,作用于桨叶发出金属敲击声。

卡门涡共振诱发水轮机固定导叶裂纹案例分析

针对龚嘴水电站水轮机卡门涡共振诱发固定导叶裂纹,综合各过流部件卡门涡频率、固定导叶固有频率、机组特殊流道结构等因素,分析了诱发固定导叶卡门涡共振的原因,认为本案例是因增容改造后流量增大、导叶开限不合理、特殊流道结构等因素共同作用下出现了卡门涡共振诱发固定导叶裂纹,并提出了有效的防范措施。结果可供在运电站分析解决机组异常振动噪音、过流部件裂纹等问题参考。

圆柱体绕流尾迹的PIV测量

PIV是一种先进的流场定量测量技术,在生产性风洞中的应用前景非常广泛。利用PIV测量技术,采用双CCD摄像机在FL-5低速生产性风洞中对不同的雷诺数Re下圆柱体绕流尾迹进行定量的测量,给出了圆柱体绕流尾迹的瞬时速度场、涡量场和流场的流线图。通过测量发现剪切层的相互作用是圆柱体绕流尾迹区旋涡形成和脱落的重要因素,并直接验证了Gerrard的绕流尾迹理论;在雷诺数Re=104～105范围内,随着雷诺数的增大圆柱绕流近尾迹区旋涡形成区域长度在逐渐缩短。

静止水下气泡运动特性的测试与分析

该文用高速摄影对稳定状态静止水下气泡生成和运动形态进行分析,详细讨论了气泡的动力理论特性。运用数字图像处理技术,对高速摄影图片的像素进行灰度归一化处理及二进制转化,通过对气泡质心运动的跟踪来获得其运动特性,并对所得数据进行编程处理分析,得到气泡运动轨迹。同时,结合Stokes和卡门涡理论分析,得到稳定状态下不同尺寸单个气泡的速度变化规律,运动轨迹规律等各种运动特性,并将实验结果与理论进行比较分析来判断其可行性。对稳定状态下的气泡研究可以为更深入的研究有扰动下的气泡复杂性提供基础和依据。

水轮机固定导叶的涡街模拟与振动分析

研究三峡右岸部分机组水轮机固定导叶出水边处的卡门涡街共振问题。根据机组的实际运行情况和产生异常噪声的特点,应用计算流体力学(Computational fluid dynamics,CFD)数值分析技术对固定导叶开展出水边处的涡街振动模拟,建立模拟涡街振动的CFD数值模型,采用Fluent软件实现对卡门涡街振动特性的定量分析;同时采用流固耦合分析方法对固定导叶进行水下动态特性分析,获得结构在水中的固有频率。分析表明,固定导叶的卡门涡街频率与其在水中的固有频率是非常接近的,容易发生耦合并造成局部振动。结合现场振动与噪声测试加以验证,确定产生异常噪声的激振源,找到诱发卡门涡街共振的主要原因。通过对固定导叶不同出水边截面几何形状的对比分析,提出有效预防和消除卡门涡街共振的优化方案。

管内气液两相流涡街稳定性分析

为了研究管内气液两相流涡街的内在特征,提出1个量纲为1的变量即稳定性指数,根据稳定性指数偏离稳定状态的程度,定量判断管内气液两相流涡街的稳定性。以空气和水为介质,以三角柱为旋涡发生体,在内径为50mm的水平管和垂直上升管中分别进行实验,分析雷诺数和体积含气率对气液两相流涡街稳定性的影响。研究结果表明:体积含气率对管内气液两相流涡街的稳定性起主要作用;在水平管中,当体积含气率小于15%时,涡街比较稳定,稳定性指数的取值为1.00±0.16;当体积含气率大于15%时,稳定的涡街难以维持,部分涡街的稳定性指数为2.0～3.0;在垂直上升管中,稳定的涡街体积含气率可以达22%,在此范围内,稳定性指数的取值为1.00±0.12;当体积含气率大于22%时,涡街变得不稳定,此时,部分涡街的稳定性指数为0.50～0.75。

鱼类波状摆动推进的数值模拟

本文采用有限体积法并利用动网格技术,数值模拟了鱼类的波状摆动推进。首先分析了二维零厚度波状板的波状摆动推进,研究了在高雷诺数下匀速巡游的流场细节,发现了尾迹中涡的形态是呈之字形的涡环链。并同刚性平板的绕流结果比较,验证了波状摆动可以充分抑制湍流,减小表面所受的粘性阻力。其次使用NACA标准翼型模拟了有厚度的鱼体波状摆动,得到了尾部推力型的反卡门涡街。还分析了不同运动参数以及鱼体厚度对推力和阻力的影响。最后计算了边界条件对鱼类运动的影响。

垂直向上气液两相流中两相斯托拉赫数的研究

试验研究了三角形、Ｔ形两种形状４种规格的物体，在垂直上升气液两相流中，发生气液两相涡街时，气液两相斯托拉赫数的变化规律．在测得大量数据的基础上，得出了发生气液两相涡街时，气液两相斯托拉赫数的通用关系式．研究表明，气液两相斯托拉赫数在两相工况下为一变数，其值与来流截面含气率、涡街发生体形状和特征尺寸、来流方向等因素有关，应用此关系式，根据测得的两相涡街频率可将涡街发生体作为测量两相流流量与组分的测量元件．

基于卡门涡街原理的谐振型风力压电俘能器研究

针对大田环境中无线传感器网络节点需要持续稳定电能的要求,发展一种基于卡门涡街原理的谐振型风力压电俘能技术。基于计算流体力学数值方法,分析在不同风速下进气道内流场的流体动力学行为,实现对进气道及绕流体的结构设计。采用亥姆赫兹谐振腔作为风压谐振放大及涡脱频率的调节装置,并使谐振腔底部压电复合薄圆板与亥姆霍兹谐振腔的频率一致,从而在气流的冲击振荡作用下产生共振并输出最大的电能。实验表明,谐振型压电俘能器在风速14 m/s,外部负载电阻400 kΩ时最大可输出13.6 mW的电能。