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Human disturbance exacerbated erosion and deposition in the karst peak-cluster depressions during the Ming and Qing dynasties
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作者 Shuai YUAN Yuemin YUE +3 位作者 Xinbao ZHANG Lu WANG Lu ZHAI Kelin WANG 《Science China Earth Sciences》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第11期3550-3561,共12页
Under the background of large-scale ecological restoration, China's southwestern karst region has become a hotspot of global vegetation cover “greening” in the past 20 years. However, because of geological const... Under the background of large-scale ecological restoration, China's southwestern karst region has become a hotspot of global vegetation cover “greening” in the past 20 years. However, because of geological constraints, it is difficult to restore the forest landscapes in some areas. It is urgent to understand the impacts of human disturbances during the historical period on the difficult-to-forestation rocky-desertification areas of the karst region in order to guide future afforestation. In this study, we quantified the changes of specific sediment yield in typical karst depressions over the past 500 years by using ^(137)Cs,^(210)Pb, and ^(14)C dating methods in karst depressions, and identified the main human disturbances related to historical erosion and sedimentation by combining with historical data. The results showed that the erosion and sedimentation of the three depressions in 1921–1963 were significantly higher than that in 1963–2021, and the sedimentation rate(0.64–1.33 cm a^(-1)) and the specific sediment yield(2.51–13.11 t ha^(-1)a^(-1)) during Ming and Qing dynasties(1504–1812) were higher than the sedimentation rate(0.26–0.95 cm a^(-1)) and specific sediment yield(0.95–6.99 t ha^(-1)a^(-1)) in the recent century(1921–2021). Reconstruction data and literature from the Ming and Qing dynasties show an empirical link between changes in population, arable land, food, forest area,and deforestation events during the same period. It was found that the population and arable land in Guangxi increased more than three-fold and the forest area decreased significantly in the 17th century after the migration of the Yao ethnic group and the introduction of maize to the region, which may be the main reason for intensifying the erosion of depressions. This study is of great significance to understanding the evolution history of rocky desertification in this region and to answer the potential of afforestation. 展开更多
关键词 karst region ^(14)C dating peak-cluster depressions Ethnic minirity migration Specific sediment yield
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The Heterogeneity and Its Influencing Factors of Soil Nutrients in Peak-Cluster Depression Areas of Karst Region 被引量:23
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作者 ZHANG Wei CHEN Hong-song +3 位作者 WANG Ke-lin SU Yi-rong ZHANG Ji-guang YI Ai-jun 《Agricultural Sciences in China》 CAS CSCD 2007年第3期322-329,共8页
By selecting a typical peak-cluster depression area of karst region in Southwest China, we evaluated the effect of land use types and topographic factors on soil nutrients. Grid and line sampling methods were used to ... By selecting a typical peak-cluster depression area of karst region in Southwest China, we evaluated the effect of land use types and topographic factors on soil nutrients. Grid and line sampling methods were used to sample soil in depression and slope lands respectively, and classical statistical tools were applied to analyze the spatial variability character of soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), total potassium (TK), available nitrogen (AN), available phosphorus (AP), available potassium (AK), pH, and C/N. It was found that land use type was the dominant factor that effected the spatial heterogeneity of SOC, TN, TP, TK, AN, and AP. The content of SOC, TN, and AN decreased with the increase of land use intensity. Due to high fertilizer input, TP and AP in tillage fields were higher than those in the other land use types. TK had no obvious change trend among various land use types. Topographic factors had a significant effect on SOC, TN, TP, AN, AP, AK, and pH. Habitat factor was the dominant factor that effected AK. Altitude factor was the dominant factor for pH. However, all of these factors had no significant effect on C/N. Tillage practice had important effect on soil nutrients loss and soil degradation in the fragile karst ecosystem, and the input of organic manure should be increased in this region. 展开更多
关键词 karst peak-cluster depression soil nutrient land use type topography factors soil organic carbon
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The features of soil erosion and soil leakage in karst peak-cluster areas of Southwest China 被引量:8
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作者 LUO Wei-qun JIANG Zhong-cheng +2 位作者 YANG Qi-yong LI Yan-qing LIANG Jian-hong 《Journal of Groundwater Science and Engineering》 2018年第1期18-30,共13页
Through utilizing water flow monitoring, rock scratching, soil wood piles and radionuclide ^(137)Cs tracing in the Longhe karst ecological experimental site(hereinafter referred to"Longhe site"), Pingguo Cou... Through utilizing water flow monitoring, rock scratching, soil wood piles and radionuclide ^(137)Cs tracing in the Longhe karst ecological experimental site(hereinafter referred to"Longhe site"), Pingguo County, Guangxi Province, the features and values of soil erosion and soil leakage in different geomorphologic locations and land uses in the karst peak-cluster depressions are showed clearly. There are four kinds of geomorphologic locations in the karst peak-cluster depression, namely peaks, strip, slopes and depression. The soil leakage modulus in the peaks and strips respectively occupy 92.43% and 96.24% of the total mean soil erosion modulus at experimental sites. On the slope, soil leakage accounted for about 75%. At the bottom of depression, surface water was the main factor of soil erosion, and at last most soil leaked into underground rivers from sinkholes. The total soil erosion modulus and the contribution rates of relative surface soil erosion in regard of peaks, slopes and depressions gradually increased. There are also five major types of land use in the karst peak-cluster depressions, farmland, Kudingcha tea plantations, young Lignum Sappan fields, shrub-grassland and pastures. The soil erosion modulus of slope farmland has the highest value with an increasing trend year by year. But soil erosion modulus of other four land use types decreased by year, which shows the "grain for green" will result in better soil protection. By handling with rocky desertification and ecological rehabilitation in Longhe site, the mean soil erosion modulus of the karst peak-cluster depression has decreased about 80% from 2003 to 2015. 展开更多
关键词 SOIL erosion SOIL leakage karst peak-cluster depression Land use 137Cs TRACING Longhe karst ecological experimental site
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Evaluation and Quantitative Attribution Analysis of Water Yield Services in the Peak-cluster Depression Basins in Southwest of Guangxi,China
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作者 WANG Donghua TIAN Yichao +5 位作者 ZHANG Yali HUANG Liangliang TAO Jin YANG Yongwei LIN Junliang ZHANG Qiang 《Chinese Geographical Science》 SCIE CSCD 2023年第1期116-130,共15页
Karst environmental issues have become one of the hot spots in contemporary international geological research. The same problem of water shortage is one of the hot spots of global concern. The peak-cluster depression ... Karst environmental issues have become one of the hot spots in contemporary international geological research. The same problem of water shortage is one of the hot spots of global concern. The peak-cluster depression basins in southwest of Guangxi is an important water connotation and ecological barrier areas in the Pearl River Basin of China. Thus, studying the spatial and temporal variations and the influencing factors of its water yield services is critical to achieve the sustainable development of water resources and ecological environmental protection in this region. As such, this paper uses the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs(InVEST) model to assess the spatial and temporal variabilities of water yield services and its trends in the peak-cluster depression basins in southwest of Guangxi from 2000 to 2020. This work also integrates precipitation(Pre), reference evapotranspiration(ET), temperature(Tem), digital elevation model(DEM), slope, normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI), land use/land cover(LULC) and soil type to reveal the main factors that influence water yield services with the help of Geodetector. Results show that: 1) in time scale,the total annual water yield in the study area show a fluctuating and increasing trend from 2000 to 2020, with a growth rate of 7.3753 × 10^(8)m^(3)/yr, and its multi-year average water yield was 538.07 mm;2) in spatial pattern, with high yield areas mainly distributed in the south of the study area(mainly including Shangsi County, Pingxiang City, Ningming County, Longzhou County and Jingxi County), and low yield areas mainly distributed in Baise City and Nanning City;3) the dominant factor of water yield within karst and non-karst landforms is not necessarily controlled by precipitation, and the explanation degree of DEM factors in karst areas is significantly higher than that in non-karst areas;4) amongst the climatic factors, Pre, ET and Tem are dominant in the spatial pattern of region water yield capacity. among which Pre has the highest explanatory power for the spatial heterogeneity of annual water production, with q values above0.8, and each driver showed a significant interaction on the spatial distribution of water yield, with Pre exhibiting the strongest interaction with LULC. 展开更多
关键词 water yield Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs(InVEST) Geodetector peak-cluster depression basins in southwest of Guangxi China
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Dynamics of Slope Runoff and Soil Erosion of Different Forest Types in Karst Depression 被引量:6
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作者 张喜 连宾 +2 位作者 尹洁 吴永波 崔迎春 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2010年第3期166-171,共6页
[Objective] The research was aimed to study the dynamics of slope runoff and soil erosion in different forest types in karst depression.[Method] Precipitation observation sites at the bottom of karst depression and ru... [Objective] The research was aimed to study the dynamics of slope runoff and soil erosion in different forest types in karst depression.[Method] Precipitation observation sites at the bottom of karst depression and runoff observation sites in different forest types were established to monitor regularly the main indices changes of runoff and soil erosion at fixed position in 4 years.[Result] The surface runoff of different forest types appeared singer peak from February to November,with lowest valley from June to July.The runoff coefficient appeared double peaks from February to May and from July to September.The changing coefficient of runoff appeared three peaks from March to April,from July to August and from September to November.The silt concentration appeared one peak from March to May and The erosion modulus appeared double peaks from March to May and from June to August.Runoff showed annually reduced trend with the growth of forests and the development of vegetation layer's structure.There was a positive correlation between the runoff and its silt concentration in different forest types.Precipitation and evaporation had notable positive correlation with the runoff,and similar correlation but not marked with silt concentration.The fitting analysis results of surface runoff and erosion modulus showed that rocky desertification intensified the unevenness of surface runoff and increased the surface runoff and erosion modulus.The penetrability of surface soil in new planted forest was lower than that in young forest,and that in surface soil of different forest types was higher than in bottom soil.[Conclusion] The research provided theoretical basis for the biological management technologies of water and soil conservation and the control of karst rocky desertification in karst regions. 展开更多
关键词 karst depression Forest types RUNOFF Erosion modulus Affecting factors
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Study on Influences of Different Land Use Types on Soil Qualities in Plateau Karst Depression 被引量:1
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作者 张喜 连宾 +2 位作者 尹洁 刘延惠 崔迎春 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2010年第2期173-178,182,共7页
[Objective] The aim was to study influences of different land use ways on soil qualities in plateau karst depression.[Method] Different land use types were divided by topographic map of 1∶10 000 scales and soil prope... [Objective] The aim was to study influences of different land use ways on soil qualities in plateau karst depression.[Method] Different land use types were divided by topographic map of 1∶10 000 scales and soil properties of physics and chemistry were analyzed.[Result] The results showed that the variation trend of soil depth(A+B stratum)was slope plough(include returning farm to forest)land>natural forest land>planted forest land>shrub forest land,and relative indexes changing regularities of soil... 展开更多
关键词 Plateau karst depression Land use types Soil quality
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The application of caesium-137 measurements to estimate recent sedimentation rates in a typical karst depression of Guizhou Plateau, China 被引量:1
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作者 BAI Xiaoyong ZHANG Xinbao WANG Shijie 《Chinese Journal Of Geochemistry》 EI CAS 2011年第1期84-92,共9页
The existing traditional methods of assessing the rates of soil loss have many limitations and are difficult to apply in the karst areas of Southwest China. Karst depressions comprise geomorphologically important sour... The existing traditional methods of assessing the rates of soil loss have many limitations and are difficult to apply in the karst areas of Southwest China. Karst depressions comprise geomorphologically important sources and sinks for sediments and associated pollutants, yet the sedimentology of many depressions is not well understood. In this paper, the 137Cs technique was employed to investigate recent sedimentation rates in a Chinese polygonal karst depression. The results indicated that the sediment deposition rates ranged from 0.91 to 1.97 mm?a?1 in the period from 1963 to 2007, and the average sediment deposition rate and specific deposit yield of the catchment were estimated to be 1.47 mm?a?1 and 20 t?km?2?a?1, respectively. The results obtained were consistent with the local monitoring data of runoff plots, confirming the validity of the overall approach. It was shown that soil loss rates were very low in some karst areas of Southwest China. Above all, the approach appears to offer valuable potential to study surface erosion by estimating sediment deposition rates of karst depressions, rather than the assessment of complicated soil erosion in stony soils of carbonate rock slopes. In addition, the spacial distribution of surface soil and 137Cs inventories was affected remarkably by the inhomogeneous dissolution of limestone under the soil. It may be an important phenomenon which exists widely in the karst areas and is significantly different from other places. 展开更多
关键词 喀斯特洼地 沉积速率 产量估计 铯-137 中国 贵州高原 西南喀斯特地区 土壤侵蚀
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Study on Depression Development Measures of Karst Rocky Desertification Area in Guizhou Province of China
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作者 韦清章 焦丽 《Journal of Landscape Research》 2010年第9期40-45,共6页
In view of the current situation and environmental fragility of karst depression in Guizhou,the study proposed measures to utilize and explore it so as to promote economic development of Guizhou depression.
关键词 karst rocky DESERTIFICATION area depressION DEVELOPMENT GUIZHOU
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喀斯特峰丛洼地3个建群树种“植物-凋落物-土壤”系统氮同位素特征 被引量:1
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作者 吴凤婵 蔡国俊 +3 位作者 李安定 张红玉 张丽敏 彭熙 《贵州师范大学学报(自然科学版)》 CAS 北大核心 2024年第1期12-18,共7页
以喀斯特峰丛洼地3种常见次生林及其建群树种为研究对象,测定3种林分建群种的不同器官及凋落物、土壤的氮含量及氮同位素丰度值(δ^(15)N),探讨植物-凋落物-土壤氮含量及稳定氮同位素组成变化及内在联系。结果显示:3种次生林建群种植物... 以喀斯特峰丛洼地3种常见次生林及其建群树种为研究对象,测定3种林分建群种的不同器官及凋落物、土壤的氮含量及氮同位素丰度值(δ^(15)N),探讨植物-凋落物-土壤氮含量及稳定氮同位素组成变化及内在联系。结果显示:3种次生林建群种植物中叶片氮含量最高,茎的氮含量最低,3种次生林建群树种叶片氮含量均显著高于掉落物和土壤氮含量,0~30 cm土壤氮含量显著高于30~90 cm土壤氮含量,土壤养分主要集中于表层土壤;白栎、栓皮栎和光皮桦器官中δ^(15)N变化范围分别为-2.82‰~14.94‰、-1.37‰~9.35‰和-4.39‰~26.06‰,3种建群种器官间氮同位素组成均表现出显著差异(P<0.05);3种建群种群落表层土壤δ^(15)N差异显著,3种林分中0~30 cm土壤δ^(15)N均显著低于30~60 cm和60~90 cm的土壤,δ^(15)N可能是这些群落土壤氮循环过程中的敏感指标,光皮桦叶片氮含量略大于白栎和栓皮栎,光皮桦林土壤表层δ^(15)N大于白栎林和栓皮栎林,光皮桦可能比白栎和栓皮栎更为适应喀斯特生境。 展开更多
关键词 氮同位素 植物-凋落物-土壤 生态策略 适应机制 喀斯特峰丛洼地
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漓江峰丛片区高位岩溶洼地洪涝水文过程及有效治理
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作者 普政功 黄奇波 +3 位作者 吴华英 李腾芳 邹昌霈 廖红为 《中国岩溶》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2024年第4期831-842,共12页
漓江峰丛片区高位岩溶洼地洪涝频发,严重影响该地区农村经济发展和自然景观资源开发与保护。本研究选择在漓江峰丛片区暗嵅高位洼地开展洪涝水循环过程研究,对洼地内主要消水口(A01、A03落水洞)进行扩宽和疏通,加大过水能力,使洪涝水害... 漓江峰丛片区高位岩溶洼地洪涝频发,严重影响该地区农村经济发展和自然景观资源开发与保护。本研究选择在漓江峰丛片区暗嵅高位洼地开展洪涝水循环过程研究,对洼地内主要消水口(A01、A03落水洞)进行扩宽和疏通,加大过水能力,使洪涝水害得到有效治理。结果表明:洼地积水成涝对降雨响应迅速,降雨结束后,12~24 h内洼地积水深度就能达到最大,日降雨量超过50 mm或72 h累计降雨量超过90 mm,洼地就容易积水成涝。2023年4-7月共造成了8次洪涝灾害,洪涝总时长达417.5 h(18.6 d)。鱼嵅地下河出口排泄量达到大气降雨补给量的77.77%和87.32%,为暗嵅洼地地下水总排泄口,主要通过中部A01、A02、A03、A044个消水洞排水,4个消水洞不同的消水速度造成了出口流量的4个峰值。A01消水洞水力坡度小,下部管道受方解石矿渣堵塞,消水速度较慢,现仅对A01洞口进行整治,未能有效解决洼地洪涝问题。A03、A04消水洞位于方解石脉矿的南侧,未受到方解石尾矿渣的影响,岩溶管道过水通畅。通过疏通A04消水洞,并将南侧古蚕洼地的洪流引至A03消水洞,缩短洪涝时间66.71 h(2.8 d)。因此,修建好南部排水沟系统,使南部古蚕洼地的水全部通过A03、A04消水洞快速向鱼嵅地下河出口排泄,是进一步减轻暗嵅洼地洪涝受灾程度的重要措施。 展开更多
关键词 漓江峰丛片区 岩溶洼地 岩溶洪涝 水文过程 洪涝治理
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冀中坳陷岩溶热储地下水对流活动的聚热效应
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作者 饶松 罗洋 +4 位作者 黄顺德 张英 王社教 王一波 胡圣标 《地球物理学报》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2024年第8期3075-3088,共14页
地形起伏及浮力均可以驱动地下水流,在此过程中通过对流方式快速传递热量,进而改变温度分布模式,造成局部显著热异常,对岩溶储层地热资源聚敛有着重要意义.冀中坳陷岩溶热储发育,岩溶缝洞系统为地下水提供了良好的垂向和水平径流条件,... 地形起伏及浮力均可以驱动地下水流,在此过程中通过对流方式快速传递热量,进而改变温度分布模式,造成局部显著热异常,对岩溶储层地热资源聚敛有着重要意义.冀中坳陷岩溶热储发育,岩溶缝洞系统为地下水提供了良好的垂向和水平径流条件,形成了独特的对流-传导复合型地热系统.通过温度场、水动力场耦合数值模拟,本文聚焦冀中坳陷岩溶热储强迫对流和自由对流联合作用模式及其聚热效应.二维有限元数值模拟结果表明,在自由对流模型的基础上,地形驱动的强迫对流叠加作用使岩溶层内地下水流速显著增加.地形驱动流体可以推动自由对流单元向坡下滚动,强化了地下水对流的聚热效应.高阳凸起和献县凸起显著的热异常主要归因于岩溶储层和断裂带内地下水自由对流的传热效应,基底起伏造成的热流折射聚热效应是次要的.此外,地形驱动下,自由对流单元向流域下游方向推进可能是献县凸起较高阳凸起热异常更为显著的重要原因. 展开更多
关键词 聚热效应 地下水对流 自由对流 强迫对流 岩溶热储 冀中坳陷
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川东五百梯地区石炭系岩溶古地貌识别及储集意义
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作者 王同川 陈浩如 +3 位作者 温龙彬 钱玉贵 李玉琢 文华国 《岩性油气藏》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2024年第4期109-121,共13页
综合利用钻井、测井、岩心及地震资料,通过建立地震正演模型模拟、RGB分频融合技术及波形分类分析等手段,对川东五百梯地区石炭系岩溶古地貌进行了识别与刻画。研究结果表明:(1)川东五百梯地区石炭系遭受的岩溶作用强度自西向东逐渐变小... 综合利用钻井、测井、岩心及地震资料,通过建立地震正演模型模拟、RGB分频融合技术及波形分类分析等手段,对川东五百梯地区石炭系岩溶古地貌进行了识别与刻画。研究结果表明:(1)川东五百梯地区石炭系遭受的岩溶作用强度自西向东逐渐变小,东南部石炭系原始沉积厚度更大,但残余厚度分布不均匀,主要为10~30 m;西北部地层厚度较小,为0~15 m。(2)研究区石炭系自西向东可识别出岩溶高地和岩溶斜坡2个二级地貌单元,岩溶斜坡可划分为残丘和浅洼2个三级地貌单元,再依据其差异溶蚀特征,可进一步划分为陡斜坡浅洼和缓斜坡浅洼,浅洼内发育残丘、暗河及落水洞。反射同相轴的上提和下拉特征、岩溶角砾岩的发育、地震层拉平剖面、RGB分频融合及波形变化特征等均可识别出岩溶古地貌的发育。(3)研究区石炭系各地貌单元的分布受构造控制,浅洼和残丘多以椭圆状或不规则长条状呈北西—南东向展布,暗河的展布与浅洼长轴方向一致;岩溶古地貌控制着地层厚度以及溶蚀孔洞的发育,残丘残余厚度较大,岩溶作用强,充填作用较弱,溶蚀孔洞较发育,储层平均孔隙度为4.34%;缓斜坡浅洼残余厚度较小,充填作用较强,溶蚀孔洞不发育,储层平均孔隙度为2.68%,而陡斜坡浅洼虽然残余厚度小,但因潜水位低、泄水能力强,溶蚀作用强而充填作用弱,储集空间发育,储层平均孔隙度为5.05%;缓斜坡和陡斜坡储层平均孔隙度分别为3.67%和3.31%,岩溶高地孔隙度最小,平均为2.51%。 展开更多
关键词 岩溶古地貌 浅洼 残丘 岩溶斜坡带 地震正演模拟 RGB分频融合 岩溶角砾岩 黄龙组 石炭系 川东五百梯地区
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基于多元统计分析的岩溶洼地小流域泥沙来源分析——以重庆市沙坪坝青木关岩溶槽谷区为例
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作者 蔡云丽 魏兴萍 +3 位作者 陈诗蝶 肖成芳 李慧 李良鑫 《地理科学》 CSSCI CSCD 北大核心 2024年第9期1684-1694,共11页
本研究以青木关岩溶洼地小流域为研究区域,采集林地、草地、坡耕地3类泥沙源地土壤样品和洼地沉积物样品,测定磁化率、TP、TC、TN、^(137)Cs和地球化学元素等26个指标,采用3种统计分析方法选择3组不同的最佳指纹因子组,分别为Kruskal-Wa... 本研究以青木关岩溶洼地小流域为研究区域,采集林地、草地、坡耕地3类泥沙源地土壤样品和洼地沉积物样品,测定磁化率、TP、TC、TN、^(137)Cs和地球化学元素等26个指标,采用3种统计分析方法选择3组不同的最佳指纹因子组,分别为Kruskal-Wallis H检验(KW-H)与判别函数分析(DFA)相结合(KW-H+DFA)、主成分分析(PCA)与DFA相结合(PCA+DFA)、KW-H与PCA相结合(KW-H+PCA),然后利用多元混合模型对3个潜在源地的相对贡献进行估算。结果表明:KW-H+DFA估算林地、草地、坡耕地的相对贡献分别为25.17%、32.19%、42.64%;PCA+DFA估算的相对贡献分别为26.72%、29.14%、44.14%;KW-H+PCA估算的相对贡献分别为23.67%、27.36%、48.97%。基于不同统计组合的GOF、RMSE、MAE分别为94.47%、9.85、5.71;91.32%、19.95、10.08;90.11%、20.76、12.12。研究结果表明,不同的统计方法会对沉积物来源的判别分析及精确度产生影响,强调在对泥沙来源进行研究时,应重视统计方法的选择,以便更准确地识别泥沙来源,进而更好地实施相应的水土保持措施。 展开更多
关键词 泥沙来源 岩溶洼地 复合指纹
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蔗渣生物炭对岩溶峰丛洼地石灰土土-水特征曲线的影响
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作者 王创业 李科 +2 位作者 郏金晨 徐煜 徐勤学 《佳木斯大学学报(自然科学版)》 CAS 2024年第4期102-107,共6页
岩溶地区岩石裸露、土壤浅薄且持水能力较低,其土壤水分保持和运动状况是其水土漏失治理的重要因素。生物炭拥有多孔结构和高比表面积,能改变土壤持水能力,但其种类、粒径、添加量和土壤类型等因素对土壤持水能力产生正面或负面作用,为... 岩溶地区岩石裸露、土壤浅薄且持水能力较低,其土壤水分保持和运动状况是其水土漏失治理的重要因素。生物炭拥有多孔结构和高比表面积,能改变土壤持水能力,但其种类、粒径、添加量和土壤类型等因素对土壤持水能力产生正面或负面作用,为了研究添加不同比例蔗渣生物炭对岩溶峰丛洼地石灰土持水特性的影响,选取位于广西河池地区岩溶峰丛洼地的石灰土壤作为试验样本,分别添加不同比例生物炭(0%,2%,4%,6%),利用滤纸法测定生物炭-石灰土混合土在0~40MPa吸附能力下土水特性曲线,并使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和核磁共振波谱法(NMR),观察生物炭-石灰土混合土的微观孔隙结构。研究结果表明:当土壤含水量超过30%时,不同比例生物炭掺入量的持水能力相似,土壤的持水性并不会随着生物炭掺入量的增加而持续提升。在添加生物炭0%,2%,4%时混合土的持水能力是在逐渐提高的,添加4%和6%时混合土的持水能力基本一致,这表明添加生物炭存在一个最优值和适用范围。建议岩溶峰丛地区石灰土含水率在30%以下时,施加4%~6%的蔗渣生物炭,可提高土壤的持水能力。 展开更多
关键词 岩溶峰丛洼地土壤 生物炭 滤纸法 土-水特征曲线 核磁共振波谱法
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风云1井抑制碳酸盐岩结晶钻井液技术研究 被引量:1
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作者 何雷 鲁小庆 +3 位作者 王佳琪 蒲鑫 廖锐 哈飞 《石化技术》 CAS 2024年第8期117-119,共3页
研究了一套抑制碳酸盐岩结晶的高密度水基钻井液体系及现场复杂防控钻井液技术,安全钻进至完钻井深,全程无事故,不仅消除了低温下盐结晶对井控装备的影响,且阻止了井下盐岩溶蚀的进一步恶化,将有助于玛湖凹陷咸湖沉积环境页岩油的勘探... 研究了一套抑制碳酸盐岩结晶的高密度水基钻井液体系及现场复杂防控钻井液技术,安全钻进至完钻井深,全程无事故,不仅消除了低温下盐结晶对井控装备的影响,且阻止了井下盐岩溶蚀的进一步恶化,将有助于玛湖凹陷咸湖沉积环境页岩油的勘探开发。 展开更多
关键词 玛湖凹陷 咸湖沉积 盐岩层 岩溶蚀 盐结晶
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滇池湖底塌陷漏水隐患研究的问题与建议
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作者 王宇 《中国岩溶》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2024年第1期1-11,共11页
持滇池漏水隐患点急变临灾推论和漏水隐患不成立否定意见的双方都做了大量的分析论证工作,并发表和提交了研究成果。但以地球系统科学、水工环地质学和地球探测技术科学的理论、原理和地质勘查认识问题的程序和规范来衡量,均不同程度地... 持滇池漏水隐患点急变临灾推论和漏水隐患不成立否定意见的双方都做了大量的分析论证工作,并发表和提交了研究成果。但以地球系统科学、水工环地质学和地球探测技术科学的理论、原理和地质勘查认识问题的程序和规范来衡量,均不同程度地存在着概念性、系统性、规范性的错误或不足,主要表现在地质学概念及术语不清、水文地质调查研究不足、湖盆形成及演化历史研究薄弱、水文地质勘探验证欠缺等,从而导致各方推断依据皆不够充分。对这些问题,文章逐一进行了深入的分析,并根据区域自然地理、地质、水工环地质等调查(勘查)研究程度及资料,结合实际工作经验,对今后的研究提出了规范地质学基本概念、开展湖底洼地钻探试验及监测、系统开展综合研究和野外查证的具体改进建议。明确指出滇池漏水隐患成立与否,关键在于湖底洼地发生岩溶塌陷的风险,必须实施钻探验证才能得出科学的定论。 展开更多
关键词 滇池湖泊 断陷盆地 岩溶洼地 岩溶塌陷 湖底漏水
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基于DEM的喀斯特峰丛洼地地貌信息提取及形态特征分析
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作者 何佶泳 田义超 +3 位作者 张强 王栋华 张亚丽 周慧娟 《中国岩溶》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2024年第3期595-605,共11页
文章以桂西南典型喀斯特地貌--峰丛洼地为研究对象,基于DEM数据采用水文法、鞍座法提取出峰丛洼地,在此基础上借助于空间分析方法、分形理论等对研究区的峰丛洼地结构形态特征、空间分布进行定量分析和研究。结果表明:(1)运用水文分析... 文章以桂西南典型喀斯特地貌--峰丛洼地为研究对象,基于DEM数据采用水文法、鞍座法提取出峰丛洼地,在此基础上借助于空间分析方法、分形理论等对研究区的峰丛洼地结构形态特征、空间分布进行定量分析和研究。结果表明:(1)运用水文分析方法能有效提取鞍部点,有效识别出洼地凹陷,提取鞍部点精度为50.00%,而鞍座法提取鞍部点的精度为79.80%;(2)94%的峰丛洼地形态为盆形,小部分为深锥形和碟状形。研究区洼地斑块周长-面积的关系为y=0.5772x+0.2674,二者的相关系数R2=0.9462,周长-面积的分维数D=1.15,洼地图斑镶嵌结构较稳定;(3)80%的峰丛洼地分布于研究区南部、北部的石灰岩与白云岩互层地区和连续性石灰岩上,中部碎屑岩岩层上峰丛洼地发育不明显。 展开更多
关键词 DEM 水文分析 喀斯特 峰丛洼地 形态特征 桂西南
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西南岩溶洼地弃渣场防护方案设计
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作者 李跃强 李瑞鸿 《水科学与工程技术》 2024年第2期31-34,共4页
我国西南地区是岩溶地貌分布范围广且最为典型的区域,土地石漠化面积呈现持续扩张的趋势,土地资源非常珍贵。介绍了西南岩溶地区某灌区工程岩溶洼地弃渣场设计实例,通过分析岩溶洼地的地形、地质条件,确定了适宜的弃渣场防护方案,有针... 我国西南地区是岩溶地貌分布范围广且最为典型的区域,土地石漠化面积呈现持续扩张的趋势,土地资源非常珍贵。介绍了西南岩溶地区某灌区工程岩溶洼地弃渣场设计实例,通过分析岩溶洼地的地形、地质条件,确定了适宜的弃渣场防护方案,有针对性地实施了防洪排导工程、排渗工程、植被恢复与建设工程等防护措施,解决了岩溶洼地弃渣场规划设计难题,增加了复耕和绿化面积,改善了工程区的生态环境,以期为类似工程岩溶洼地弃渣场规划设计提供参考。 展开更多
关键词 岩溶洼地 弃渣场 防护方案 防洪排导工程 排渗工程 植被恢复与建设工程
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广西龙州县科甲铝土矿矿石粒级分布及质量变化
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作者 林剑飞 李晓崧 《世界有色金属》 2024年第5期115-117,共3页
文章介绍了科甲铝土矿矿石粒级的分布规律及其质量的变化情况,指出矿区铝土矿矿石粒级分布与其所处的岩溶洼地、谷地或缓坡地貌距离原生铝土矿的远近有密切关系,一般受原生铝土矿和岩溶地貌形态发育过程的双重控制。矿石的粒度大小不一... 文章介绍了科甲铝土矿矿石粒级的分布规律及其质量的变化情况,指出矿区铝土矿矿石粒级分布与其所处的岩溶洼地、谷地或缓坡地貌距离原生铝土矿的远近有密切关系,一般受原生铝土矿和岩溶地貌形态发育过程的双重控制。矿石的粒度大小不一,多呈棱角一次棱角状,不同粒级的矿石质量有所差异,矿石粒度越大,矿石品位越好的规律,即矿石品位与粒度为正相关关系。 展开更多
关键词 科甲 岩溶洼地 铝土矿 矿石粒级 矿石质量
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岩溶洼地建库背景下水-气耦合试验相似材料研制
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作者 邰胜平 陈世万 +1 位作者 郑克勋 沈春勇 《人民长江》 北大核心 2024年第1期168-174,共7页
在岩溶洼地建库研究中,为研制出满足水-气耦合模拟试验所需的相似材料,以砂子、普通水泥、石膏为原料,设计了4组不同粒径级配的试验组。通过岩石低渗测试技术和核磁共振分析技术,分析了4组不同颗粒级配相似材料的渗透率、孔隙分布及逾... 在岩溶洼地建库研究中,为研制出满足水-气耦合模拟试验所需的相似材料,以砂子、普通水泥、石膏为原料,设计了4组不同粒径级配的试验组。通过岩石低渗测试技术和核磁共振分析技术,分析了4组不同颗粒级配相似材料的渗透率、孔隙分布及逾渗特征。研究结果表明:在分形维数Df=1.68~2.31范围内,相似材料的渗透率随颗粒级配分形维数增加而线性增大。4组试样中,分形维数越大,则材料内孔隙总量越多,孔径分布越集中,对应的主控孔隙尺寸降低。随着分形维数的增大,灰度阈值升高,逾渗阈值降低,材料越容易发生逾渗。基于实测渗透率,建立了相似材料的渗透率计算模型,计算值与实测值吻合度较高。研究成果成功运用于岩溶洼地模型试验并取得显著效果,为进一步研究水-气作用提供了合适的试验材料。 展开更多
关键词 岩溶洼地 水-气耦合 相似模拟试验 渗透率 分形维数 核磁共振
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