An analysis of the formation of karst and karst-suffosion forms on the territory of the West Kazakhstan region is presented in this paper. Numerous literary sources were used as the information database for the analys...An analysis of the formation of karst and karst-suffosion forms on the territory of the West Kazakhstan region is presented in this paper. Numerous literary sources were used as the information database for the analysis of the relief features of the West Kazakhstan region. Evaluation of the morphometric features of the collapsed new formations on the basis of materials of our own field research is presented here for the first time. According to the research objectives there were defined localization places of the karst-collapsed phenomena where the reconnaissance field surveys were carried out. Survey points’ localization has been carried out by means of GPS system with the help of 12-channel GPS-receiver of Garmin eTrex model. Geoinformational technology, based on MapInfo 9.5 and ArcGIS 9.2 packages was used for the building of the information and cartographic database. Original thematic maps compiled on the basis of the research results’ analysis have been obtained in this research. The features of the Caspian Basin’s karst landscapes, formed as a result of salt-dome tectonic manifestations (Inder Mountains, Malaya Bogdo Mountain, Bish-Chokho hill) are described in this paper. The important elements of the Caspian Basin salt-dome landscapes are landforms of the karst origin from large karst depressions of the karst-tectonic origin to modern forms of the sulfate karst: sinkholes, wells, polje, knobs (“Kurgantau”), arches, caves and grottoes. Some karst formations have a non-salt-dome origin. Three areas with the collapsed forms that have the karst-suffosion origin have been identified (near Konyr village, Berezovka village and Zhanatalap village). The mechanism of the sinkholes formation is due to the changes of the groundwater regime and the displacement of limestone eluvium as a result of active anthropogenic impacts. The sinkholes occurence near Zhanatalap village, which is located near the Karachaganak oil and gas field, is probably due to the anthropogenic initiation of karst-suffosion processes.展开更多
隧道工程导致地下水系统被破坏,但由此可能带来的土壤侵蚀却很少被涉猎。在重庆观音峡背斜隧道密集影响区和非隧道影响区的两个相邻小流域建立径流小区,基于高分辨率水文数据结合δD-H2O、δ18O-H2O同位素,对比两径流小区坡面、壤中产...隧道工程导致地下水系统被破坏,但由此可能带来的土壤侵蚀却很少被涉猎。在重庆观音峡背斜隧道密集影响区和非隧道影响区的两个相邻小流域建立径流小区,基于高分辨率水文数据结合δD-H2O、δ18O-H2O同位素,对比两径流小区坡面、壤中产流规律和地表侵蚀产沙特征。结果表明,观测年内隧道影响区坡面产流对降雨响应更快,地表径流系数0.027,侵蚀模数16.68 t km-2 a-1;非隧道影响区地表径流系数0.013,侵蚀模数7.73 t km-2 a-1。相反,隧道影响区产生的壤中流产流系数仅为非隧道影响区的31%。对一场强降雨监测发现,两径流小区坡面流中δD-H2O、δ18O-H2O相似,但壤中流中却差异较大。用氢氧同位素混合模型分析得出隧道影响区坡面流、壤中流中降雨贡献率均大于非隧道影响区,侵蚀能力更强。这与土壤含水率减小和土壤结构的差异有关:隧道影响区土壤中粘粒的含量高于非隧道影响区,且出现上粘下松的异常土壤结构,使土壤下渗能力降低,地表径流增加。较小的土壤含水率与土壤粒径也有利于土壤搬运。研究为隧道工程导致的喀斯特区水土流失研究提供了基础数据,为喀斯特区水土流失防治和石漠化治理研究提供了新视角。展开更多
文摘An analysis of the formation of karst and karst-suffosion forms on the territory of the West Kazakhstan region is presented in this paper. Numerous literary sources were used as the information database for the analysis of the relief features of the West Kazakhstan region. Evaluation of the morphometric features of the collapsed new formations on the basis of materials of our own field research is presented here for the first time. According to the research objectives there were defined localization places of the karst-collapsed phenomena where the reconnaissance field surveys were carried out. Survey points’ localization has been carried out by means of GPS system with the help of 12-channel GPS-receiver of Garmin eTrex model. Geoinformational technology, based on MapInfo 9.5 and ArcGIS 9.2 packages was used for the building of the information and cartographic database. Original thematic maps compiled on the basis of the research results’ analysis have been obtained in this research. The features of the Caspian Basin’s karst landscapes, formed as a result of salt-dome tectonic manifestations (Inder Mountains, Malaya Bogdo Mountain, Bish-Chokho hill) are described in this paper. The important elements of the Caspian Basin salt-dome landscapes are landforms of the karst origin from large karst depressions of the karst-tectonic origin to modern forms of the sulfate karst: sinkholes, wells, polje, knobs (“Kurgantau”), arches, caves and grottoes. Some karst formations have a non-salt-dome origin. Three areas with the collapsed forms that have the karst-suffosion origin have been identified (near Konyr village, Berezovka village and Zhanatalap village). The mechanism of the sinkholes formation is due to the changes of the groundwater regime and the displacement of limestone eluvium as a result of active anthropogenic impacts. The sinkholes occurence near Zhanatalap village, which is located near the Karachaganak oil and gas field, is probably due to the anthropogenic initiation of karst-suffosion processes.
文摘隧道工程导致地下水系统被破坏,但由此可能带来的土壤侵蚀却很少被涉猎。在重庆观音峡背斜隧道密集影响区和非隧道影响区的两个相邻小流域建立径流小区,基于高分辨率水文数据结合δD-H2O、δ18O-H2O同位素,对比两径流小区坡面、壤中产流规律和地表侵蚀产沙特征。结果表明,观测年内隧道影响区坡面产流对降雨响应更快,地表径流系数0.027,侵蚀模数16.68 t km-2 a-1;非隧道影响区地表径流系数0.013,侵蚀模数7.73 t km-2 a-1。相反,隧道影响区产生的壤中流产流系数仅为非隧道影响区的31%。对一场强降雨监测发现,两径流小区坡面流中δD-H2O、δ18O-H2O相似,但壤中流中却差异较大。用氢氧同位素混合模型分析得出隧道影响区坡面流、壤中流中降雨贡献率均大于非隧道影响区,侵蚀能力更强。这与土壤含水率减小和土壤结构的差异有关:隧道影响区土壤中粘粒的含量高于非隧道影响区,且出现上粘下松的异常土壤结构,使土壤下渗能力降低,地表径流增加。较小的土壤含水率与土壤粒径也有利于土壤搬运。研究为隧道工程导致的喀斯特区水土流失研究提供了基础数据,为喀斯特区水土流失防治和石漠化治理研究提供了新视角。
