Kelp Fucoidans Facilitate Vascular Recanalization via Inhibiting Excessive Activation of Platelet in Deep Venous Thrombosis Model of Mouse

This study was carried out explore the mechanism underlying the inhibition of platelet activation by kelp fucoidans in deep venous thrombosis(DVT)mouse.In the control and sham mice,the walls of deep vein were regular and smooth with intact intima,myometrium and adventitia.The blood vessel was wrapped with the tissue and there was no thrombosis in the lumen.In the DVT model,the wall was uneven with thicken intima,myometrium and adventitia.After treated with fucoidans LF1 and LF2,the thrombus was dissolved and the blood vessel was recanalized.Compared with the control group,the ROS content,ET-1 and VWF content and the expression of PKC-βand NF-κB in the model were significantly higher(P<0.05);these levels were significantly reduced following treatments with LF2 and LF1.Compared with H_(2)O_(2)treated-HUVECs,combined LF1 and LF2 treatment resulted in significant decrease in the expression of PKC-β,NF-κB,VWF and TM protein(P<0.05).It is clear that LF1 and LF2 reduces DVT-induced ET-1,VWF and TM expressions and production of ROS,thus inhibiting the activation of PKC-β/NF-κB signal pathway and the activation of coagulation system and ultimately reducing the formation of venous thrombus.

Process optimization,texture and microstructure of novel kelp tofu

Laminaria japonica Aresch as an edible and medicine dual-purpose marine algae,has been gradually accepted by people.Tofu was Chinese traditional food,combining kelp function ingredients with tofu has practical value.The extraction-optimization methodology and the sequences of kelp antihypertensive peptide(KAP)were investigated.The sensory,whiteness,water retention ability(WRA)and microstructure of KAP tofu were evaluated.The scanning electron microscope(SEM)results showed KAP addition(20%)significantly improved the tofu texture,with a denser network composed of relatively even pores.Compared with gypsum tofu and glucose-δ-interior fat(GDL)tofu,KAP tofu had significantly higher WRA(94.49±0.49)%and sensory evaluation score value(92.54±0.52),and a significantly lower IC_(50) value at(2.06±0.04)mg/mL(P<0.05).The maximum IC_(50) value(4.14 mg/mL)of kelp enzymatic hydrolysate was observed at enzyme(at an alkaline protease:trypsin ratio of 2:1)concentration 1.5%,temperature 55℃ and time 2 h.The sequences of 8 identified peptides were Lys-Tyr,Phe-Tyr,Gly-Lys-Tyr,Ala-Lys-Tyr,Ser-Lys-Thr-Tyr,Lys-Lys-Phe-Tyr,Lys-Phe-Lys-Tyr and Ala-Lys-Tyr-Ser-Tyr with IC_(50) values of 5.24,4.83,7.94,7.52,20.63,15.33,10.73 and 2.42μmol/L,respectively.These results indicated the potential use of KAP tofu as a valuable resource for development of functional foods.

The status of research and utilisation on the subtidal kelp along the Chilean coast:A literature review

The most important marine coastal ecosystem in the Chilean coast are kelp forests.This review is based on ecological studies regarding different aspects of subtidal kelp ecosystems along the Chilean coast.It highlights the most interesting findings in(1)biology of subtidal kelp in Chile,with particular reference to(2)habitats formed by kelp,and considered the successful examples and promising results in the(3)kelp as an industrial resource(Biotechnological approach of kelps and aquaculture).The impact caused by(4)El Niño-Southern Oscillation is discussed as an important climatic event that could help to forecast the future of the kelp ecosystem.In addition,this literature review outlines the knowledge gaps on subtidal kelp along the Southeast Pacific Coast of Chile,so that research can be strengthened in the future.

The Dietary Importance of Kelp-Derived Detritus to Pelagic and Benthic Consumers along the West Coast of Vancouver Island, Canada

Stable isotope analysis was used to determine the relative dietary importance of kelp-derived detritus to plankton and benthic organisms along a gradient of kelp abundance driven by recovering sea otter populations along the west coast of Vancouver Island (WCVI), Canada. The study used region-specific kelp isotope values (δ13C and δ15N) and season-specific phytoplankton isotope values to model dietary contributions of kelp-derived detritus (KDD). In general, KDD contributions were moderate to high in most plankton size fractions during the summer and decreased during the winter, particularly in the kelp sparse region. Hypothesized regional and spatial (distance from the coast) differences in kelp detritus contributions to zooplankton were not evident. Modeled estimates of the KDD contribution to benthic invertebrates were high (>40%) and independent of the organism size, among regions and between seasons, with the exception of Astraea gibberosa in the kelp abundant region. Local oceanography, natural kelp isotope signature variation, and significant overlap between kelps’ and blooming phytoplankton isotope values led to a large uncertainty in the assessed KDD contributions in benthic organisms. These results highlighted the importance of the KDD as a widespread and stable year-round food source in coastal kelp populated regions.

POLYCULTURE OF SCALLOP CHLAMYS FARRERI AND KELP LAMINRIA JAPONICA IN SUNGO BAY

Several polyculture models of scallop Chlamys farreri and kelp Laminaria japonica currently employedin Sungo Bay and other parts of northern China are described in this paper. Economic benefits of differ-ent polyculture models are analysed based on the growth rate, culture density and market price. In addi-tion, site selection, critical environmental conditions and polyculture problems are discussed in detail.

Importance of kelp-derived organic carbon to the scallop Chlamys farreri in an integrated multi-trophic aquaculture system

Bivalves and seaweeds are important cleaners that are widely used in integrated multi-trophic aquaculture （IMTA） systems. A beneficial relationship between seaweed and bivalve in the seaweed- based IMTA system has been confirmed, but the trophic importance of seaweed-derived particulate organic materials to the co-cultured bivalve is still unclear. We evaluated the trophic importance of the kelp Saccharinajaponica to the co-cultured scallop Chlamysfarreri in a typical IMTA farm in Sungo Bay （Weihai, North China）. The dynamics of detritus carbon in the water were monitored during the culturing period. The proportion of kelp-derived organic matter in the diet of the co-cultured scallop was assessed via the stable carbon isotope method. Results showed that the detritus carbon in the water ranged from 75.52 to 265.19 ~tg/L, which was 25.6% to 73.8% of total particulate organic carbon （TPOC） during the study period. The amount of detritus carbon and its proportion in the TPOC changed throughout the culture cycle of the kelp. Stable carbon isotope analysis showed that the cultured scallop obtained 14.1% to 42.8% of its tissue carbon from the kelp, and that the percentages were closely correlated with the proportion of detritus carbon in the water （F=0.993, P=0.003）. Evaluation showed that for 17 000 tons （wet weight） of annual scallop production, the kelp contributed about 139.3 tons of carbon （535.8 tons of dry mass）. This confirms that cultured kelp plays a similar trophic role in IMTA systems as it does in a natural kelp bed. It is a major contributor to the detritus pool and supplies a vital food source to filter-feeding scallops in the IMTA system, especially during winter and early spring when phytoplankton are scarce.

Assessing the effects of oyster/kelp weight ratio on water column properties: an experimental IMTA study at Sanggou Bay, China

Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture(IMTA)is an effective method for sustainable aquaculture as species from different trophic levels could reduce negative effects from fed species in the environment.A proper proportion of different trophic species in an IMTA system could improve the aquaculture production and environmental sustainability.At present,research on the proper proportions for farming species is scarce.We investigated the effects of IMTA modes of oyster(Crassostrea gigas)and kelp(Saccharina japonica)in different weight ratios on water quality and carbonate system in a closed enclosure experiment for three days in the Sanggou Bay in Shandong Province,China,in December 2017.Nine collocation modes in oyster:kelp weight ratio were tested showing as 24:3,24:2,24:1,16:3,16:2,16:1,8:3,8:2,and 8:1.The water parameters were determined at 17:00 on Day 1(D1),and 6:00 and 17:00 on Days 2(D2)and 3(D3).As two-way ANOVA showed,all increased parameters(dissolved oxygen(DO),pH,chl a,the carbonate system and pCO2)were significantly related to oyster-kelp modes,and interaction between modes and time were also significant(P<0.05).On the 3th day,the 8:3 mode was the highest in DO,pH,chl a,CO32-(P<0.05),and dissolved inorganic carbon(DIC),HCO3-,CO2,and pCO2 were the lowest(P<0.05).According to previous references and the results of this study,the appropriate oyster:kelp proportion at the beginning of winter is from 8:2 to 8:3.The results of this study may help government to optimize the aquaculture structure of Sanggou Bay.

Amelioration of the biogeochemical environment with iodine in kelp

An artificial way to prevent and cure the iodine deficiency disorder(IDD) through ameliorating the biogeochemical environment of the regions where iodine is deficient was put forward. In this paper, the concrete method to achieve this way was given and its feasibility is confirmed by test.

High-throughput simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers development for the kelp grouper (<i>Epinephelus bruneus</i>) and cross-species amplifications for Epinephelinae species

The kelp grouper (Epinephelus bruneus), belonging to one of the largest genera among the subfamily Epinephelinae, is a commercially important fish in Japan. There are limited data about the genomics of this species. To provide tools for addressing both population genetics studies and gene mapping, dito pentanucleotide simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were developed using 454 pyrosequencing. Among the 1466 SSR markers developed, 1244 primer sets produced strong PCR products, of which 905 (72.7%) were polymorphic in kelp grouper. Cross-species utility of the 905 polymorphic SSR markers was tested in four additional Epinephelinae species of Hyporthodus septemfasciatus, Plectropomus leopardus, Epinephelus lanceolatus and Epinephelus coioides. Results revealed that, respectively, 401 (44.3%), 136 (15.0%), 434 (49.0%) and 538 (59.4%) SSRs showed specific polymorphic products. Of these, 40 SSR markers (33 di-, 1 tri- and 6 tetra-nucleotides) showed polymorphism in all species tested. Additionally, three AGAT SSR motifs which accounted for 42.9% of the nondi-nucleotide markers were found in the 40 SSR markers. This indicates that the AGAT SSR motif has a high potential as a highly versatile SSR marker in grouper Epinephelinae. The SSR markers developed in this study can be employed to obtain reliable genetic variability estimates for groupers (Epinephelinae).

Flexible Zinc-Manganese Dioxide Alkaline Batteries Based on Kelp Electrolytes

Flexible energy-storage devices play a critical role in the development of portable, flexible and wearable electronics. In addition, biological materials including plants or plant-based materials are known for their safety, biodegradability, biocompatibility, environmental benignancy, and low cost. With respect to these advances, a flexible alkaline zinc-manganese dioxide (Zn-MnO2) battery is fabricated with a kelp-based electrolyte in this study. To the best of our knowledge, pure kelp is utilized as a semi-solid electrolyte for flexible Zn-MnO2 alkaline batteries for the first time, with which the as-assembled battery exhibited a specific capacity of 60 mA&#183;h and could discharge for 120 h. Furthermore, the as-assembled Zn-MnO2 battery can be bent into a ring-shape and power a light-emitting diode screen, showing promising potential for the practical application in the future flexible, portable and biodegradable electronic devices.

Release of bioactive active iodine in kelp

The release process and influencing factors of bioactive iodine of kelp are systemically studied by leaching experiment. The results showed that the bioactive iodine of kelp can be released rapidly and the principal form of iodine in lixivium is I -. There is a dynamic process between the release and absorption of iodine. With the increase of leaching water, the gross amounts of released iodine rise. There also exists a transforming process among I -, IO - 3 and organic iodine in lixivium.

Effect of outplanting time on commercial cultivation of kelp Laminaria saccharina at the southern limit in the Atlantic coast,N.W.Spain

The aim of the study is to examine the influence of the outplanting time on the cultivation of the kelp Laminaria saccharina in the northwestern Spain, close to its southern limit of distribution in the North Atlantic coast. We compared two L. saccharina cultures outplanted in February and December. We found that the starting time of outplanting affects to the yield and the substantiality value, as well as the growth rate. The yield, the substantiality value and the growth rates of L. saccharina sporophytes obtained for the trial outplanted in December were significantly higher than those in February. These results can be mainly explained by the effect of temperature on the growth of L. saccharina sporophytes during cultivation. On the other hand, our results show that even in the southern limit of distribution of L. saccharina, the cultivation of this species was very profitable in high yield and quality.

Effect of Kelp Residue Microbial Fertilizer on Eco-Control Peanut Pathogenic Fungus Aspergillus Parasiticus 1

Ecological prevention and control of plant disease is very important in sustainable agriculture.Adjusting soil p H value and fertilizing organic microbial fertilizer are two effective measures in this process.Kelp residue contains a large amount of organic compounds and alkaline metal ions.The bio-control Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain Hitwh-BA2 was inoculated into kelp residue medium to produce kelp residue microbial fertilizer.Acidic soil and alkaline soil were used to study the effect of kelp residue microbial fertilizer on soil p H and soil suppressive activity.Tip-culture method was used to determine soil leachate suppressive activity,which characterized the soil suppressive activity.Results showed that fertilizing kelp residue microbial fertilizer had increased the soil p H and soil suppressive ability significantly,which was verified by peanut validation experiments as well.Peanut potting experiments proved that fertilizing kelp residue microbial fertilizer not only improved the yield of peanuts obviously,but also reduced the amount of Aspergillus parasiticus 95 in peanut geocarposphere soil significantly.Results also showed that fertilizing kelp residue microbial fertilizer was effective in reducing A.parasiticus 95 infection rate.So the kelp residue microbial fertilizer has good potential application prospect on ecological prevention and control of plant disease.

Competitiveness of the Kelp Industry Cluster in Rongcheng City,Shandong Province

In order to study the development status of kelp industry in Rongcheng in recent years, the centralization degree of kelp industry clusters and the comparative advantage of kelp industry in Rongcheng, Xiapu and Jinpu from 2010 to 2020 were compared and analyzed by indicators such as location quotient index, industrial agglomeration index, coefficient of concentration, scale advantage index, efficiency advantage index, and comprehensive advantage index, and the deep-seated factors affecting the competitiveness of kelp industry in Rongcheng were analyzed. Meanwhile, measures of improving the competitiveness of the kelp industry cluster in Rongcheng were put forward.

Preparation of Activated Carbon from Holdfasts of Kelp, Large Brown Seaweed, <i>Saccharina japonica</i>

Dried kelp is one of the most important Japanese foods mainly used as base ingredient. Holdfasts, or rhizoids, of kelp are usually discarded, as rocks, shells, ropes and other contaminants are entangled among them. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether the preparation of activated carbon from holdfasts of Saccharina japonica, a popular kelp harvested in Japan, is possible by a chemical activation technique utilizing zinc chloride, and to study the influence of the process parameters, such as carbonization temperature and the composition of the activator. Under the examined experimental conditions, maximum specific surface area of 1.7 × 103 m2/g, larger than that of a commercial activated carbon, was observed at 600℃ and the zinc chloride composition of 75 mass%.

Study on Bioremediation of Kelp in AquacultureSea Area and Eutrophy Treatment

At present, the marine environment is faced with extremely serious eutrophication. The kelp＇s ability of taking in nitrogen and phosphorus can be fully performed so that the eutrophication problem can be effectively treated and solved. Based on the analysis of kelp＇s absorption of nutritive salt from aquaculture sewage, this paper further explores the bioremediation of kelp in aquaculture sea area with eutrophication in the hope of providing valuable reference for the aquaculture industry of BohaiSea.

海带病害诊断防治专家系统研究

海带病害诊断和防治是保障海带健康养殖的关键。为了提高海带养殖用户的病害诊断和防治水平,对海带病害诊断专家系统进行了研究。研究了知识获取,以学术期刊发表的文献为主,同时辅以专家调研,收集整理31种海带病害;选择产生式规则描述知识,并构造了规则库;采用正向推理进行病害诊断。该系统采用JSP+Sevlet+JavaBean实现,可以满足海带养殖用户对病害诊断防治的需求,并指出了未来研究方向和内容。

创新与融合:20世纪50年代中国海带养殖技术体系的建立

中国并非海带的天然产区,解放前只能依靠进口海带。20世纪50年代,位于青岛的山东水产养殖场、中国科学院海洋生物研究室、水产部黄海水产研究所等机构成功探索出一套海带全人工养殖技术,主要包括海带筏式人工养殖法、海带夏苗自然光培育法和海带施肥法等,实现了商品海带的生产,并通过南移养殖扩展到中国南部沿海。大跃进运动中,海带养殖发展成为轰轰烈烈的群众性生产运动,海带养殖技术得到广泛深入的推广,由此也带动了中国第一次海水养殖浪潮。海带全人工养殖技术的成功,实现了海带在自然分布区之外的生长,也改变了中国依靠进口海带的历史,是重大的理论创新和技术创新,是科技自立自强的典型案例。

海带酶解物对生长育肥猪生长性能、肉品质和肠道形态的影响

本试验旨在研究海带酶解物对生长育肥猪生长性能、肉品质和肠道健康的影响。选取体重[(45.3±7.5)kg]相近的生长猪200头,随机分为5组(每组5个重复,每个重复8头猪):对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加5、10、15和25 kg/t海带酶解物的试验饲粮,试验期84 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,1)饲粮中添加10 kg/t的海带酶解物组试验全期料重比显著降低(P<0.05),第29~56天平均日增重显著提高(P<0.05);2)饲粮中添加15 kg/t的海带酶解物显著提高了育肥猪屠宰后背最长肌的红度(a∗)值(P<0.05);3)饲粮中添加15和25 kg/t海带酶解物组育肥猪空肠和回肠的绒毛高度显著增加(P<0.05)。由此可见,在饲粮中添加海带酶解物可以改善生长育肥猪生长性能、肉品质和肠道形态;基于本试验结果,生长育肥猪饲粮中海带酶解物的推荐添加量为10~15 kg/t。

海带漂烫-盐渍加工过程中碘形态含量变化规律

通过测定漂烫水、漂洗水、盐渍水以及剩余海带中碘离子(I^(-))、碘酸根(IO_(3)^(-))、一碘酪氨酸(mono-iodotyrosine,MIT)和二碘酪氨酸(diiodotyrosine,DIT)4种碘形态的含量,研究海带漂烫-漂洗-盐渍过程中碘形态的溶出规律。鲜海带、漂烫海带、一次漂洗海带和二次漂洗海带I^(-)含量在1689.41~8753.24 mg/kg,IO_(3)^(-)含量在42.67~442.00mg/kg之间,MIT和DIT含量分别在698.22~861.90mg/kg和123.97~158.67mg/kg之间。其中漂烫过程I^(-)、MIT和DIT溶出率最高,分别为(64.38±2.99)%、(19.35±0.97)%和(6.55±0.53)%。随着海带加入量的增大,除漂烫水的DTT外,所有水体中I^(-)、MIT和DIT含量整体上呈先增大后趋于平稳的趋势,所有水体中IO_(3)^(-)含量均呈上升趋势。随海带漂烫颗数增加,I^(-)溶出率先降低后基本保持不变,与鲜海带相比,第1颗盐渍海带的I^(-)含量降低(80.72±2.66)%,碘主要以I^(-)的形式释放到水体中,并且在漂烫过程中释放量最大。