Previous research has identified specific areas of frequent tropical cyclone activity in the North Atlantic basin. This study examines long-term and decadal spatio-temporal patterns of Atlantic tropical cyclone freque...Previous research has identified specific areas of frequent tropical cyclone activity in the North Atlantic basin. This study examines long-term and decadal spatio-temporal patterns of Atlantic tropical cyclone frequencies from 1944 to 2009, and analyzes categorical and decadal centroid patterns using kernel density estimation (KDE) and centrographic statistics. Results corroborate previous research which has suggested that the Bermuda-Azores anticyclone plays an integral role in the direction of tropical cyclone tracks. Other teleconnections such as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) may also have an impact on tropical cyclone tracks, but at a different temporal resolution. Results expand on existing knowledge of the spatial trends of tropical cyclones based on storm category and time through the use of spatial statistics. Overall, location of peak frequency varies by tropical cyclone category, with stronger storms being more concentrated in narrow regions of the southern Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico, while weaker storms occur in a much larger area that encompasses much of the Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, and Atlantic Ocean off of the east coast of the United States. Additionally, the decadal centroids of tropical cyclone tracks have oscillated over a large area of the Atlantic Ocean for much of recorded history. Data collected since 1944 can be analyzed confidently to reveal these patterns.展开更多
In this paper, we propose a new method that combines collage error in fractal domain and Hu moment invariants for image retrieval with a statistical method - variable bandwidth Kernel Density Estimation (KDE). The pro...In this paper, we propose a new method that combines collage error in fractal domain and Hu moment invariants for image retrieval with a statistical method - variable bandwidth Kernel Density Estimation (KDE). The proposed method is called CHK (KDE of Collage error and Hu moment) and it is tested on the Vistex texture database with 640 natural images. Experimental results show that the Average Retrieval Rate (ARR) can reach into 78.18%, which demonstrates that the proposed method performs better than the one with parameters respectively as well as the commonly used histogram method both on retrieval rate and retrieval time.展开更多
Road network is a critical component of public infrastructure,and the supporting system of social and economic development.Based on a modified kernel density estimate(KDE)algorithm,this study evaluated the road servic...Road network is a critical component of public infrastructure,and the supporting system of social and economic development.Based on a modified kernel density estimate(KDE)algorithm,this study evaluated the road service capacity provided by a road network composed of multi-level roads(i.e.national,provincial,county and rural roads),by taking account of the differences of effect extent and intensity for roads of different levels.Summarized at town scale,the population burden and the annual rural economic income of unit road service capacity were used as the surrogates of social and economic demands for road service.This method was applied to the road network of the Three Parallel River Region,the northwestern Yunnan Province,China to evaluate the development of road network in this region.In results,the total road length of this region in 2005 was 3.70×104km,and the length ratio between national,provincial,county and rural roads was 1∶2∶8∶47.From 1989 to 2005,the regional road service capacity increased by 13.1%,of which the contributions from the national,provincial,county and rural roads were 11.1%,19.4%,22.6%,and 67.8%,respectively,revealing the effect of′All Village Accessible′policy of road development in the mountainous regions in the last decade.The spatial patterns of population burden and economic requirement of unit road service suggested that the areas farther away from the national and provincial roads have higher road development priority(RDP).Based on the modified KDE model and the framework of RDP evaluation,this study provided a useful approach for developing an optimal plan of road development at regional scale.展开更多
Traffic accident frequency has been decreasing in Japan in recent years.Nevertheless,many accidents still occur on residential roads.Area-wide traffic calming measures including Zone 30,which discourages traffic by se...Traffic accident frequency has been decreasing in Japan in recent years.Nevertheless,many accidents still occur on residential roads.Area-wide traffic calming measures including Zone 30,which discourages traffic by setting a speed limit of 30 km/h in residential areas,have been implemented.However,no objective implementation method has been established.Development of a model for traffic accident density estimation explained by GIS data can enable the determination of dangerous areas objectively and easily,indicating where area-wide traffic calming can be implemented preferentially.This study examined the relations between traffic accidents and city characteristics,such as population,road factors,and spatial factors.A model was developed to estimate traffic accident density.Kernel density estimation(KDE) techniques were used to assess the relations efficiently.Besides,16 models were developed by combining accident locations,accident types,and data types.By using them,the applicability of traffic accident density estimation models was examined.Results obtained using Spearman rank correlation show high coefficients between the predicted number and the actual number.The model can indicate the relative accident risk in cities.Results of this study can be used for objective determination of areas where area-wide traffic calming can be implemented preferentially,even if sufficient traffic accident data are not available.展开更多
提出了一种自适应的核密度估计(Kernel density estimation,KDE)运动检测算法.算法首先提出一种自适应前景、背景阈值的双阈值选择方法,用于像素分类.该方法用双阈值克服了单阈值分类存在的不足,阈值的选择能自适应进行,且能适应不同的...提出了一种自适应的核密度估计(Kernel density estimation,KDE)运动检测算法.算法首先提出一种自适应前景、背景阈值的双阈值选择方法,用于像素分类.该方法用双阈值克服了单阈值分类存在的不足,阈值的选择能自适应进行,且能适应不同的场景.在此基础上,本文提出了基于概率的背景更新模型,按照像素的概率来更新背景,并利用帧间差分背景模型和KDE分类结果解决背景更新中的死锁问题,同时检测背景的突然变化.实验证明了所提出方法的适应性和可靠性.展开更多
首先证明了快速核密度估计(Fast kernel density estimate,FKDE)定理:基于抽样子集的高斯核密度估计(KDE)与原数据集的KDE间的误差与抽样容量和核参数相关,而与总样本容量无关.接着本文揭示了基于高斯核形式的图论松弛聚类(Graph-based ...首先证明了快速核密度估计(Fast kernel density estimate,FKDE)定理:基于抽样子集的高斯核密度估计(KDE)与原数据集的KDE间的误差与抽样容量和核参数相关,而与总样本容量无关.接着本文揭示了基于高斯核形式的图论松弛聚类(Graph-based relaxed clustering,GRC)算法的目标表达式可分解成"Parzen窗加权和+平方熵"的形式,即此时GRC可视作一个核密度估计问题,这样基于KDE近似策略,本文提出了大规模图论松弛聚类方法(Scaling up GRC by KDEapproximation,SUGRC-KDEA).较之先前的工作,这一方法的优势在于为GRC作用于大规模数据集提供了更简单和易于实现的方案.展开更多
文摘Previous research has identified specific areas of frequent tropical cyclone activity in the North Atlantic basin. This study examines long-term and decadal spatio-temporal patterns of Atlantic tropical cyclone frequencies from 1944 to 2009, and analyzes categorical and decadal centroid patterns using kernel density estimation (KDE) and centrographic statistics. Results corroborate previous research which has suggested that the Bermuda-Azores anticyclone plays an integral role in the direction of tropical cyclone tracks. Other teleconnections such as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) may also have an impact on tropical cyclone tracks, but at a different temporal resolution. Results expand on existing knowledge of the spatial trends of tropical cyclones based on storm category and time through the use of spatial statistics. Overall, location of peak frequency varies by tropical cyclone category, with stronger storms being more concentrated in narrow regions of the southern Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico, while weaker storms occur in a much larger area that encompasses much of the Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, and Atlantic Ocean off of the east coast of the United States. Additionally, the decadal centroids of tropical cyclone tracks have oscillated over a large area of the Atlantic Ocean for much of recorded history. Data collected since 1944 can be analyzed confidently to reveal these patterns.
基金Supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. NS2012093)
文摘In this paper, we propose a new method that combines collage error in fractal domain and Hu moment invariants for image retrieval with a statistical method - variable bandwidth Kernel Density Estimation (KDE). The proposed method is called CHK (KDE of Collage error and Hu moment) and it is tested on the Vistex texture database with 640 natural images. Experimental results show that the Average Retrieval Rate (ARR) can reach into 78.18%, which demonstrates that the proposed method performs better than the one with parameters respectively as well as the commonly used histogram method both on retrieval rate and retrieval time.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41371190,31021001)Scientific and Tech-nical Projects of Western China Transportation Construction,Ministry of Transport of China(No.2008-318-799-17)
文摘Road network is a critical component of public infrastructure,and the supporting system of social and economic development.Based on a modified kernel density estimate(KDE)algorithm,this study evaluated the road service capacity provided by a road network composed of multi-level roads(i.e.national,provincial,county and rural roads),by taking account of the differences of effect extent and intensity for roads of different levels.Summarized at town scale,the population burden and the annual rural economic income of unit road service capacity were used as the surrogates of social and economic demands for road service.This method was applied to the road network of the Three Parallel River Region,the northwestern Yunnan Province,China to evaluate the development of road network in this region.In results,the total road length of this region in 2005 was 3.70×104km,and the length ratio between national,provincial,county and rural roads was 1∶2∶8∶47.From 1989 to 2005,the regional road service capacity increased by 13.1%,of which the contributions from the national,provincial,county and rural roads were 11.1%,19.4%,22.6%,and 67.8%,respectively,revealing the effect of′All Village Accessible′policy of road development in the mountainous regions in the last decade.The spatial patterns of population burden and economic requirement of unit road service suggested that the areas farther away from the national and provincial roads have higher road development priority(RDP).Based on the modified KDE model and the framework of RDP evaluation,this study provided a useful approach for developing an optimal plan of road development at regional scale.
文摘Traffic accident frequency has been decreasing in Japan in recent years.Nevertheless,many accidents still occur on residential roads.Area-wide traffic calming measures including Zone 30,which discourages traffic by setting a speed limit of 30 km/h in residential areas,have been implemented.However,no objective implementation method has been established.Development of a model for traffic accident density estimation explained by GIS data can enable the determination of dangerous areas objectively and easily,indicating where area-wide traffic calming can be implemented preferentially.This study examined the relations between traffic accidents and city characteristics,such as population,road factors,and spatial factors.A model was developed to estimate traffic accident density.Kernel density estimation(KDE) techniques were used to assess the relations efficiently.Besides,16 models were developed by combining accident locations,accident types,and data types.By using them,the applicability of traffic accident density estimation models was examined.Results obtained using Spearman rank correlation show high coefficients between the predicted number and the actual number.The model can indicate the relative accident risk in cities.Results of this study can be used for objective determination of areas where area-wide traffic calming can be implemented preferentially,even if sufficient traffic accident data are not available.
文摘提出了一种自适应的核密度估计(Kernel density estimation,KDE)运动检测算法.算法首先提出一种自适应前景、背景阈值的双阈值选择方法,用于像素分类.该方法用双阈值克服了单阈值分类存在的不足,阈值的选择能自适应进行,且能适应不同的场景.在此基础上,本文提出了基于概率的背景更新模型,按照像素的概率来更新背景,并利用帧间差分背景模型和KDE分类结果解决背景更新中的死锁问题,同时检测背景的突然变化.实验证明了所提出方法的适应性和可靠性.
文摘首先证明了快速核密度估计(Fast kernel density estimate,FKDE)定理:基于抽样子集的高斯核密度估计(KDE)与原数据集的KDE间的误差与抽样容量和核参数相关,而与总样本容量无关.接着本文揭示了基于高斯核形式的图论松弛聚类(Graph-based relaxed clustering,GRC)算法的目标表达式可分解成"Parzen窗加权和+平方熵"的形式,即此时GRC可视作一个核密度估计问题,这样基于KDE近似策略,本文提出了大规模图论松弛聚类方法(Scaling up GRC by KDEapproximation,SUGRC-KDEA).较之先前的工作,这一方法的优势在于为GRC作用于大规模数据集提供了更简单和易于实现的方案.
