Industrial effluents discharged into surface water body present a high percent of pollution in Ghanaian streams and rivers. The current study assessed the effects of industrial effluent on the quality of Onukpawahe st...Industrial effluents discharged into surface water body present a high percent of pollution in Ghanaian streams and rivers. The current study assessed the effects of industrial effluent on the quality of Onukpawahe stream which receives industrial effluents from the Tema Metropolis. Effluent samples were collected from six (6) selected industries and the water samples were collected from sixteen (16) different locations on the Onukpawahe stream. Various physico-chemical parameters such as BOD, TDS, Conductivity, COD, pH, TSS, Turbidity, Temperature, Colour, Sulphate, Phosphate, Ammonia and Nitrate were analysed during the current investigation. The average values of all the physico-chemical parameters (except pH and DO) were all above the EPA sector specific effluent guidelines. It was established in the study that the industries have polluted the stream and have grievously compromised the quality of the Onukpawahe stream. The surface water and industrial effluent must be monitored by the authorities in order to prevent further degradation of the river quality.展开更多
目的在质量源于设计(quality by design,QbD)理念的指导下优化丹参川芎嗪注射液(Salviae Miltiorrhizae and Ligustrazine Hydrochloride Injection,SMLHI)的水提工艺。方法首先通过筛选实验设计确定加热温度、保温时间、药材规格和溶...目的在质量源于设计(quality by design,QbD)理念的指导下优化丹参川芎嗪注射液(Salviae Miltiorrhizae and Ligustrazine Hydrochloride Injection,SMLHI)的水提工艺。方法首先通过筛选实验设计确定加热温度、保温时间、药材规格和溶剂倍量为丹参水提工艺的关键工艺参数。随后为了提高实验效率,采用基于裂区的D-最优实验设计优化SMLHI的水提工艺。为了尽可能多的提取实验数据潜在信息,采用了响应曲面法和人工神经网络法2种方法建立关键工艺参数和关键质量属性之间的回归模型。最后,选择较优的模型进一步采用基于满意度函数的多指标优化算法综合考察提取液各关键质量属性,确定水提工艺的最佳操作条件。结果基于裂区的D-最优实验设计可以有效提高实验效率,同时发现人工神经网络模型较响应曲面法模型具有更好的拟合能力和预测能力。以人工神经网络模型为基础进行多指标优化,最终确定SMLHI水提工艺的最佳操作条件为加热温度150℃,保温时间84 min,药材规格11 cm,溶剂用量为10倍。结论利用基于裂区的D-最优实验设计法优化了SMLHI水提工艺,为传统的中药制药工艺研究过程中面临的工艺参数改动受限、更改成本高昂的情况提供合理的实验设计方案,提高研究效率,降低研究成本,对不同试验规模下中药制药工艺的过程研究具有较大参考价值,为中药的工艺二次开发提供了可供参考的新方法。展开更多
文摘Industrial effluents discharged into surface water body present a high percent of pollution in Ghanaian streams and rivers. The current study assessed the effects of industrial effluent on the quality of Onukpawahe stream which receives industrial effluents from the Tema Metropolis. Effluent samples were collected from six (6) selected industries and the water samples were collected from sixteen (16) different locations on the Onukpawahe stream. Various physico-chemical parameters such as BOD, TDS, Conductivity, COD, pH, TSS, Turbidity, Temperature, Colour, Sulphate, Phosphate, Ammonia and Nitrate were analysed during the current investigation. The average values of all the physico-chemical parameters (except pH and DO) were all above the EPA sector specific effluent guidelines. It was established in the study that the industries have polluted the stream and have grievously compromised the quality of the Onukpawahe stream. The surface water and industrial effluent must be monitored by the authorities in order to prevent further degradation of the river quality.
文摘目的在质量源于设计(quality by design,QbD)理念的指导下优化丹参川芎嗪注射液(Salviae Miltiorrhizae and Ligustrazine Hydrochloride Injection,SMLHI)的水提工艺。方法首先通过筛选实验设计确定加热温度、保温时间、药材规格和溶剂倍量为丹参水提工艺的关键工艺参数。随后为了提高实验效率,采用基于裂区的D-最优实验设计优化SMLHI的水提工艺。为了尽可能多的提取实验数据潜在信息,采用了响应曲面法和人工神经网络法2种方法建立关键工艺参数和关键质量属性之间的回归模型。最后,选择较优的模型进一步采用基于满意度函数的多指标优化算法综合考察提取液各关键质量属性,确定水提工艺的最佳操作条件。结果基于裂区的D-最优实验设计可以有效提高实验效率,同时发现人工神经网络模型较响应曲面法模型具有更好的拟合能力和预测能力。以人工神经网络模型为基础进行多指标优化,最终确定SMLHI水提工艺的最佳操作条件为加热温度150℃,保温时间84 min,药材规格11 cm,溶剂用量为10倍。结论利用基于裂区的D-最优实验设计法优化了SMLHI水提工艺,为传统的中药制药工艺研究过程中面临的工艺参数改动受限、更改成本高昂的情况提供合理的实验设计方案,提高研究效率,降低研究成本,对不同试验规模下中药制药工艺的过程研究具有较大参考价值,为中药的工艺二次开发提供了可供参考的新方法。