Phospholipids, including phosphatidic acid （PA）, phosphatidylcholine （PC）, phosphatidylethanolamine （PE）, phosphatidylglycerol （PC）, phosphatidylserine （PS） and phosphoinositides, have emerged as an importan...Phospholipids, including phosphatidic acid （PA）, phosphatidylcholine （PC）, phosphatidylethanolamine （PE）, phosphatidylglycerol （PC）, phosphatidylserine （PS） and phosphoinositides, have emerged as an important class of cellular messenger molecules in various cellular and physiological processes, of which PA attracts much attention of researchers. In addition to its effect on stimulating vesicle trafficking, many studies have demonstrated that PA plays a crucial role in various signaling pathways by binding target proteins and regulating their activity and subcellular localization. Here, we summarize the functional mechanisms and target proteins underlying PA-mediated regulation of cellular signaling, development, hormonal responses, and stress responses in plants.展开更多
Diabetes mellitus is a leading cause of acquired vision loss and one of the world＇s fastest growing chronic diseases. Diabetic retinopathy （DR）, a specific complication of chronic hyperglycemia, is the leading caus...Diabetes mellitus is a leading cause of acquired vision loss and one of the world＇s fastest growing chronic diseases. Diabetic retinopathy （DR）, a specific complication of chronic hyperglycemia, is the leading cause of acquired vision loss worldwide in middle-aged and there- fore economically active people that also increases the medical and economic burden on the society （Klein, 2007）.展开更多
Despite the cubic system, the ability of sulphides to nucleate graphite can be enhanced by inoculating elements which transform them in complex compounds with a better lattice matching to graphite, a low coagulation c...Despite the cubic system, the ability of sulphides to nucleate graphite can be enhanced by inoculating elements which transform them in complex compounds with a better lattice matching to graphite, a low coagulation capacity, good stability and adequate interfacial energy. （Mn,X）S compounds, usually less than 5.0 μm in size, with an average 0.4-2.0 μm well defined core （nucleus）, were found to be important sites for graphite nucleation in grey irons. A three-stage model for the nucleation of graphite in grey irons is proposed： （1） Very small microinclusions based on strong deoxidizing elements （Mn, Si, Al, Ti, Zr） are formed in the melt; （2） Nucleation of complex （Mn,X）S compounds at these previously formed micro-inclusions; （3） Graphite nucleates on the sides of the （Mn,X）S compounds with lower crystallographic misfit. AI appears to have a key role in this process, as Al contributes to the formation of oxides in the first stage and favors the presence of Sr and Ca in the sulphides, in the second stage. The 0.005-0.010% Al range was found to be beneficial for lower undercooling solidification, type-A graphite formation and carbides avoidance.展开更多
Subject Code:B07With the financial support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Prof.Wang Gehui(王格慧)at the State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary,Institute o...Subject Code:B07With the financial support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Prof.Wang Gehui(王格慧)at the State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary,Institute of Earth Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,and the researchers from China,USA and other countries have revealed a key role of sulfate in the developing process of Chinese haze,which展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31721001 and 31400261)the“Ten Thousand Talent Program”Collaborative Innovation Center of Crop Stress Biology,Henan Province
文摘Phospholipids, including phosphatidic acid （PA）, phosphatidylcholine （PC）, phosphatidylethanolamine （PE）, phosphatidylglycerol （PC）, phosphatidylserine （PS） and phosphoinositides, have emerged as an important class of cellular messenger molecules in various cellular and physiological processes, of which PA attracts much attention of researchers. In addition to its effect on stimulating vesicle trafficking, many studies have demonstrated that PA plays a crucial role in various signaling pathways by binding target proteins and regulating their activity and subcellular localization. Here, we summarize the functional mechanisms and target proteins underlying PA-mediated regulation of cellular signaling, development, hormonal responses, and stress responses in plants.
基金supported by EU Program FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IAPP(612218/3D-NET)FEDER-CICYT MAT2013-47501-CO2-1-R(Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness,Spain)Grants+1 种基金supported by RETICS(RD12/0034/0001)Instituto de Salud CarlosⅢ,Spain
文摘Diabetes mellitus is a leading cause of acquired vision loss and one of the world＇s fastest growing chronic diseases. Diabetic retinopathy （DR）, a specific complication of chronic hyperglycemia, is the leading cause of acquired vision loss worldwide in middle-aged and there- fore economically active people that also increases the medical and economic burden on the society （Klein, 2007）.
文摘Despite the cubic system, the ability of sulphides to nucleate graphite can be enhanced by inoculating elements which transform them in complex compounds with a better lattice matching to graphite, a low coagulation capacity, good stability and adequate interfacial energy. （Mn,X）S compounds, usually less than 5.0 μm in size, with an average 0.4-2.0 μm well defined core （nucleus）, were found to be important sites for graphite nucleation in grey irons. A three-stage model for the nucleation of graphite in grey irons is proposed： （1） Very small microinclusions based on strong deoxidizing elements （Mn, Si, Al, Ti, Zr） are formed in the melt; （2） Nucleation of complex （Mn,X）S compounds at these previously formed micro-inclusions; （3） Graphite nucleates on the sides of the （Mn,X）S compounds with lower crystallographic misfit. AI appears to have a key role in this process, as Al contributes to the formation of oxides in the first stage and favors the presence of Sr and Ca in the sulphides, in the second stage. The 0.005-0.010% Al range was found to be beneficial for lower undercooling solidification, type-A graphite formation and carbides avoidance.
文摘Subject Code:B07With the financial support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Prof.Wang Gehui(王格慧)at the State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary,Institute of Earth Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,and the researchers from China,USA and other countries have revealed a key role of sulfate in the developing process of Chinese haze,which
