Using of Key Stratum Theory to Study the Structural Development of Roof Aquifer

During the underground mining of coal resources,overlying rocks on the roof of excavated tunnels will be destroyed due to ground pressure,and as a result,part of them will break and fall into the tunnels.How to determine the distribution of fractured areas and fissures presents a major problem for preserving the overlying aquifer.

Roof pre-blasting to prevent support crushing and water inrush accidents

Support crushing and water inrush when mining under an unconsolidated confined aquifer in the Qidong Coal Mine was prevented by roof pre-blasting. The mechanism and applicable conditions for this method have been studied. The results show that when an overburden structure that may cause support crushing and a water inrush accident exists the weakening of the primary key stratum, which thereby reduces its weighting step, roof pre-blasting is both feasible and effective. If the position of the primary key stratum can be moved upward to exceed 10 times the mining height the possibility of support crushing and water inrush disaster caused by key stratum compound breakage will be lowered. The overburden structure of the number 7121 working face was considered during the design of a technical proposal involving roof pre-blasting. After comprehensively analyzing the applicability of roof pre-blasting the resulting design prevented support crushing and water inrush disasters from happening at the number 7121 working face and laid a solid foundation for mining safely.

Breaking mechanism and control technology of sandstone straight roof in thin bedrock stope

The key problem to be solved urgently is how to avoid the occurrence of support break-off and water inrush in the stoping of sandstone straight roof under the action of load transfer in unconsolidated aquifer.For this reason,taking the thin bedrock 1602(3)working face of Huainan(the middle part of Anhui Province)Panyi Coal Mine as the engineering background,this study establishes the stope mining model by using the discrete element UDEC software and the mathematics mechanical model of the support load,and analyzes the reason of support crushing and decides to re-mining the working face by using the compulsive roof caving method.It is concluded that when the working face of sandstone straight roof is broken,the"voussoir beam"structure cannot be formed and acts on the support in the form of cantilever beam,but only when it falls to the high key stratum can the"voussoir beam"structure be formed and at this point,at this time,the bracket bears the weight of the rock layer in the range from the fractured sandstone layer to the lower critical layer.The working resistance of the support increases with the increase of the thickness and the breaking length of straight sandstone roof.When the breaking length of the roof reaches a certain extreme value,the support crushing accidents will occur.Managing roof with compulsive roof caving method can reduce the intensity of rock pressure in the stope,and the working face can be safely stoped,which provides a certain reference for similar conditions.

Superposed disturbance mechanism of sequential overlying strata collapse for gob-side entry retaining and corresponding control strategies

Gob-area roof rupture movement is a key disturbance factor for gob-side entry retaining.The characteristics of gob-area sequential roof collapse of overlying strata and superposed disturbance mechanism for gob-side entry retaining are obtained via physical simulation and theoretical analysis,in which the scope of disturbed strata is enlarged from main roof to fracture zone.The experiment reveals that as a working face advances,roof strata sequentially collapse from bottom to top and produce multiple disturbances to gob-side entry retaining.Key strata among the overlying strata control each collapse.Main roof subsidence is divided into three stages:flexure subsidence prior to rupture,rotational subsidence during rupture and compressive subsidence after rupture.The amounts of deformation evident in each of the three stages are 15%,55%and 30%,respectively.After the master stratum collapses,main roof subsidence approaches its maximum value.The final span of the key stratum determines the moment and cycling of gob-side entry retaining disturbances.Main roof subsidence influences the load on the filling wall.The sequential roof collapse of overlying strata results in fluctuations in the gob-side entry retaining deformation.Calculation formulae for the final span of the key stratum and the filling wall load are obtained via theoretical analysis.A control method for the stability of the gob-side entry retaining’s surrounding rock is proposed,which includes 3 measures:a“dual-layer”proactive anchorage support,roadside filling with dynamic strength matching and auxiliary support during disturbance.Finally,the gob-side entry retaining of the Xiaoqing mine E1403 working face is presented as an engineering case capable of verifying the validity of the research conclusions.

单体支柱工作面顶板压力计算的探讨

根据现场实测，采用统计回归与理论分析方法，对鸡西矿务局单体支柱工作面顶板压力计算方法进行了分析和研究，利用来高与直接顶厚度的比值确定老顶岩层作用在直接顶的压力，最后推导出较实用的顶板压力计算方法，并在鸡西进行了应用。

大采高综采采场顶板结构特征与支架合理承载

为确定大采高综采支架合理工作阻力，采用理论分析与现场实测相结合的方法，研究了大采高综采采场顶板结构特征与支架合理承载。根据直接顶中厚硬岩层对覆岩垮落具有重要影响的特点，提出了直接顶关键层的概念与判别方法，依据是否存在直接顶关键层对直接顶分类并计算支架工作阻力。结果表明：Ⅰ类无直接顶关键层条件下，基本顶破断形成单层的“砌体梁”结构，其采场支架工作阻力可按6～8倍采高的岩柱重量计算；Ⅱ类有直接顶关键层条件下，顶板形成由直接顶关键层与基本顶破断组成的双层“悬臂梁-砌体梁”结构，其采场支架工作阻力的计算需考虑直接顶关键层厚度、强度与层位的影响，直接顶关键层强度越大、厚度越大、层位越低，采场所需支架工作阻力越大。上述研究成果在典型条件大采高综采支架工作阻力确定中得到成功应用。