Application of Key Technologies in Green School Buildings: Taking Sino-German Future City Primary School as an Example

Green building is a manifestation of the response to the national“dual carbon”strategy.With the large-scale promotion of green buildings,the country has successively issued multiple evaluation standards for green buildings.Schools are places for preaching,teaching,and solving doubts,and the campus environment plays an important role in improving students’learning efficiency and promoting their physical and mental health.This article is based on the“Green Building Evaluation Standards”GB/T 50378-2019,analyzing and exploring the integration and application of key technologies in green schools,providing reference for green building designers.

Key technologies and applications of intelligent dispatching command for high-speed railway in China

Purpose–The intelligent Central Traffic Control(CTC)system plays a vital role in establishing an intelligent high-speed railway(HSR)system.As the core of HSR transportation command,the intelligent CTC system is a new HSR dispatching command system that integrates the widely used CTC in China with the practical service requirements of intelligent dispatching.This paper aims to propose key technologies and applications for intelligent dispatching command in HSR in China.Design/methodology/approach–This paper first briefly introduces the functions and configuration of the intelligent CTC system.Some new servers,terminals and interfaces are introduced,which are plan adjustment server/terminal,interface for automatic train operation(ATO),interface for Dynamic Monitoring System of Train Control Equipment(DMS),interface for Power Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition(PSCADA),interface for Disaster Monitoring,etc.Findings–The key technologies applied in the intelligent CTC system include automatic adjustment of train operation plans,safety control of train routes and commands,traffic information data platform,integrated simulation of traffic dispatching and ATO function.These technologies have been applied in the Beijing-Zhangjiakou HSR,which commenced operations at the end of 2019.Implementing these key intelligent functions has improved the train dispatching command capacity,ensured the safe operation of intelligent HSR,reduced the labor intensity of dispatching operators and enhanced the intelligence level of China’s dispatching system.Originality/value–This paper provides further challenges and research directions for the intelligent dispatching command of HSR.To achieve the objectives,new measures need to be conducted,including the development of advanced technologies for intelligent dispatching command,coping with new requirements with the development of China’s railway signaling system,the integration of traffic dispatching and train control and the application of AI and data-driven modeling and methods.

Exploration on Key Technologies and Practical Paths for Carbon Emission Reduction in Food System

On the basis of existing research,carbon emission reduction technologies in production,processing,packaging,transportation and storage of the food system were summarized,and their application effects were analyzed.In view of the inherent inadequacy of carbon emission reduction technologies in Chinese food system,starting from carbon labeling technologies and ESG system of the food industry,the unsoundness of the carbon emission reduction evaluation system and the high cost of related technology promotion,countermeasures such as strengthening top-level design,encouraging and supporting the development of new carbon emission reduction technologies,and improving carbon emission reduction technology subsidies were proposed by drawing on domestic and international experiences.

Key technologies for construction of Jinping traffic tunnel with an extremely deep overburden and a high water pressure

Jinping traffic tunnel is one of the deepest traffic tunnels in the world with a maximum overburden of 2 375 m and the overburden over 73% of its total length is larger than 1 500 m. The tunnel is 17.5 km long and designed to provide a shortcut road between two hydropower stations： Jinping I and Jinping II of the Jinping Hydropower Project, located on Yalong River, Liangshan State, Sichuan Province, China. The tunnel is so deep that building any shafts is impossible. The construction starts from both ends （east and west ends）, and the construction length from the west end is 10 km with a blind heading. This paper deals with an overview of this project and analysis of the engineering features, as well as key technologies developed and applied during the construction, including geological prediction, rock burst prevention under a super high in-situ stress, sealing of groundwater with a high pressure and big flow rate, ventilation for a blind heading of 10 km, wet spraying of shotcrete at zones of rock burst and rich water, etc. The application of the new technologies to the construction achieved a high quality tunnel within the contract period.

Key technologies for the construction of the Xiluodu high arch dam on the Jinsha River in the development of hydropower in western China

Hydropower development in China is concentrated in the country's western regions.Among all the rivers in China,the lower course of the Jinsha River contains the richest hydro-energy resource,and therefore,4 mammoth hydropower plants are under construction on this particular section of the river at Wudongde,Baihetan,Xiluodu,and Xiangjiaba.The water-blocking structures of the hydropower facilities at Wudongde,Baihetan and Xiluodu are all arch dams of around 300 m high.In view of changes in the geological conditions at the foundation of the Xiluodu dam on the riverbed after excavation started,the designs of expanding foundation surface excavation and dovetailing the dam body and foundation rock on both upstream and downstream sides were introduced,allowing the arch dam and foundation to fit each other and improving the stress conditions of the dam body and foundation.By dividing the dam body into various concrete sections,the dynamic properties of concrete were adequately adjusted to the distribution of stress in the dam body.In addition,the use of the most optimal concrete material and mixture ratio allowed thermodynamics of concrete to satisfy the requirements of the strength,durability,temperature control and crack prevention of the concrete.Moreover,rigorous temperature control measures were introduced to prevent harmful cracking,thus enhancing the integrity of the arch dam.Furthermore,sophisticated construction machinery,scientific testing methods,and sound construction techniques were employed to ensure the uniformity and reliability of concrete placement.The "Digital Dam" for the Xiluodu project,which is based on the theory of total life cycle,has supplied strong support for construction process control and decision-making.

Key Technologies of Wireless Heterogeneous Network Security

Convergence and collaboration of heterogeneous networks in the next generation public mobile networks will be a subject of universal significance. Convergence of heterogeneous networks, as an effective approach to improve the coverage and capacity of public mobile network, to enable communication services, to provide Internet access and to enable mobile computing from everywhere, has drawn widespread attention for its good prospects in application. Construction of security system for wireless heterogeneous networks and development of new security models, key security techniques and approaches are critical and mandatory in heterogeneous networks development. Key technology of wireless heterogeneous networks security covers security routing protocol, access authentication, intrusion detection system, cooperative communication between nodes, etc.

Ultra-Wideband RoF System and Its Key Technologies

The microwave photonic technology-based Ultra-Wideband (UWB) Radio over Fiber (RoF) system is an important solution to the future low-cost and high-performance ultra-wideband wireless access network.Much research work has been done in this field with abundant results.This article introduces the RoF system that is based on the all-optical vector modulation technology to further enhance signal’s spectrum efficiency;the full-duplex RoF system that is based on the millimeter wave Phase-Shift Keying (PSK) modulation to greatly simplify base station structure and fiber layout;and the RoF system that is based on multi-service mixed transmission to carry the service with both wired signal and several wireless signals.The article also presents an RoF-based high-definition video transmission platform.

Key Technologies of Wireless Mesh Network

The Wireless Mesh Network (WMN) is a special kind of Ad hoc network with a hierarchical network structure . Its backbone transmission network has such characteristics as multi- hop , topology stability, no electricity supply constraints , convergence of flows . Improving the spatial reuse of spectrum is an effective approach to increase network capacity. The linchpin of this approach is to effectively control the interference range between wireless links . The multi- channel networking technology is one of the key technologies of WMN, and its core is the channel allocation through which the channel utilization can be maximized . The mutual interference between multi- hop wireless links should be considered when choosing the routing metrics in WMN. Through the load - balancing routing method , the network capacity and throughput of nodes can be improved .

Research on Key Technologies of Solar Photovoltaic Building Integration

On December 21,2020,The State Council Information Office issued a white paper titled"China's Energy Development in the New Era,"in which the installed capacity of hydropower,wind power,photovoltaic power and biomass power generation in China ranked first in the world[1].Solar photovoltaic power generation is the most important development direction of clean energy in the world.It is an important energy strategy to combine it with the field of construction in China.This paper mainly introduces the characteristics and problems of the key technologies of solar photovoltaic building integration,and explores its future development direction and ways,in order to constantly promote the industrialization of new energy technology in China.

Key Technologies for High Speed WLAN

The rapid development of Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) has not yet broken the bottleneck that the low transmission speed hinders the further development of WLAN. Now, some key technologies for next generation mobile communications can solve the problem by supporting high-speed transmission and ensuring reliable performance. IEEE 802.11n has made general amendment to 802.11. Based on IEEE 802.11n, the transmission speed can be doubled by the application of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) technologies on the physical layer. In addition, the enhanced Medium Access Control (MAC) system performance, optimized data frame and improved network throughput can all be achieved by the adoption of frame convergence, Transmission Opportunity (TXOP) and block-acknowledge technologies on the MAC layer. A new error correction method, called Low Density Parity Check Code (LDPC), can also be adopted for the receiver to enjoy low Bit Error Ratio (BER) with low S/N, thus improving signal coverage.

Ambient Network and Its Key Technologies

The Ambient Networks project of European Union has carried out in-depth research on heterogeneous network convergence, where the Ambient Control Space (ACS) is proposed to support dynamic, distributed, self-managing and self-maintaining management for heterogeneous networks. With the Multi-Radio Access (MRA) architecture, the Ambient Networks take full advantage of multiple access technologies to provide all users with the 'Always Best Connected' services.

Key Technologies of 3G WCDMA Network Sharing

Based on the latest research findings of 3GPP on network sharing, this paper introduces 4 solutions to WCDMA 3G network sharing: site sharing, common network sharing, geographically split network sharing, and radio access network sharing. It also analyzes the key network sharing technologies, including the lu-Flex function in Release 5, the UTRAN sharing mechanism in the connected mode in Release 5 and the mechanism of network sharing support enhancement in Release 6.

Smart City: Key Technologies and Practices

Ubiquitous sensors, devices, networks, and information are paving the way to smart cities in which computation and intelligence are pervasive. This enables reliable, relevant intormation and services to he accessible to all people. Smart objects, homes, hospitals, manufacturing, and systerns will eventually be present in every city.

Evolution of Key Technologies for WiMAX Physical Layer

Despite the rapid development in Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) technologies,key technologies for the Physical Layer (PHY) still need to be further improved so as to achieve highly efficient and reliable communication performance,as well as to support a mobile environment with a higher transmisison rate. As an amendment to IEEE 802.16d (for fixed broadband wireless access systems),IEEE 802.16e (for mobile broadband wireless access systems) introduces the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) technologies into the PHY,doubling the transmission rate while supporting a certain degree of mobility. In the future,more advanced Air Interface (AI) technology is to be applied in the IEEE 802.16m standard.

Call for Papers ZTE Communications Special Issue on Smart City: Key Technologies and Practices

Though the smart city has been one of the hottest fields due to its great potentials to make our world smarter and more efficient with using digital technologies, it is still necessary to clarify what are fundamental infrastructures and platforms as well as successful practices for truly smart cities. Therefore, the ZTE special issue is focused on key technologies and representative practices in building smart cities. We solicit papers in the topics including but not limited to the following：

Principle and Key Technologies of OFDM-RoF

The merging of optical communication and wireless communication is a tendency in the development of future communication.Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) technology is becoming a core technology in the physical layer of next generation wireless communication system.Taking advantages of both wireless communication and optical communication,OFDM Radio over Fiber (OFDM-RoF) system is characterized by high speed,large capacity and high spectral efficiency.However,it still has some problems to be addressed,including dispersion and nonlinearity effects.The nonlinearity effect of fiber and modulator can be mitigated by PAPR reduction algorithms,the dispersion effect can be eliminated using Cyclic Prefix (CP) and channel estimation,and the fiber nonlinearity can be reduced by techniques such as digital phase conjugation,Partial Carrier Filling (PCF),nonlinearity precompensation and serial correlation reduction.

Theories and Key Technologies for New-generation Internet System

There exist serious problems in the trustworthiness (security, reliability, controllability and manageability) of the Internet. In order to solve these problems, a new-generation network architecture model, based on the research of the basic theories of new-generation Internet system, is proposed. The solution creates a switching routing model and theory for the new-generation Internet system, and defines the access identifier, generalized switching routing identifier and their mapping principles. It also establishes a pervasive service system architecture and theory, defines the service identifier, connection identifier and their mapping principles. This paper discusses key technologies for the new-generation Internet system, such as access control and management, trusted routing and Quality of Service (QoS), multi-streaming, and network monitoring and management.

Development Trends of Key Technologies for IPTV Systems

Fast growing IPTV services have become a major concern in China’s information industry. However,the IPTV service model has not been perfected yet after long-time trial made in a couple of Chinese cities. Selecting optimum technologies for IPTV is difficult to solve in the short term. So far most trial IPTV services in China are designed to provide a small number of local viewers with television and recorded programs. Accordingly,the technology used for the available IPTV services can hardly become a paradigm for future IPTV technology development. Therefore,with the ultimate goal of constructing a countrywide IPTV service network that can meet the requirements of commercial operation,it is necessary to conduct research into the design of countrywide IPTV network architecture,improvement of the bearer network,selection of video encoding technology,terminal structure,building of the Content Distribution Network (CDN),establishment of the open Digital Rights Management (DRM) platform,and construction of Media Asset Management (MAM) system.

Development of Key Technologies of Large Hydro Unit in HEC

Introduction to HEC Harbin Electric Machinery Company Limited (HEC) is a pivotal company that produces large electric machinery and accessorial control equipment in China. The hydro units made by HEC have

Overview of Key Technologies and On-orbit Verification of China Space Station

Tiangong space station is a space station independently designed and developed by China.In order to build and operate the space station,it was necessary to make breakthroughs in many fields and master several key technologies,which were characterized over a long technological span and underwent difficult verifications.Therefore,in addition to ground verification,on-orbit flight tests of key technologies for the assembly,construction and operation of the space station were planned to be conducted used by the core module,taking into account the differences in the gravity environment between space and the Earth,in order to lay a foundation for the subsequent comprehensive assembly,construction and long-term on-orbit operation of the space station.In this paper,the mission characteristics of the space station are briefly introduced,along with the key technologies for the assembly and construction of the space station,and then the on-orbit verification tests are comprehensively introduced.