Broad-Band All-Optical Wavelength Conversion of Differential Phase-Shift Keyed Signal Using an SOA-Based Nonlinear Polarization Switch

Broad-band all-optical wavelength conversion of differential phase-shift keyed （DPSK） signal is experimentally demonstrated. This scheme is composed of a one-bit delay interferometer demodulation stage followed by a semiconductor optical amplifier （SOA） based nonlinear polarization switch. A wavelength converter for the 10 G b/s DPSK signal is presented, which has a wide wavelength range of more than 30 nm. The converted signals experience small power penalties less than 1.4 dB compared with the original signal, at a bit error rate of 10-9. Additionally, the optical spectra, the measured waveforms and the open eye diagrams of the converted signals show a high quality wavelength conversion performance.

Analysis and optimization of power spectrum on EBPSK modulation in throughput-efficient wireless system

In order to satisfy increasingly greater demand for the performance of communication systems, a throughput efficient wireless system based on the extended binary phase shift keying （EBPSK） modulation is presented. Simultaneously, corresponding analysis of power spectra is also given with a brief process. The optimal waveform is proposed without useful information loss, by removing linear spectra presenting periodic components. On this basis, the reasonable definition of bandwidth is discussed, which indicates that the EBPSK belongs to the category of the ultra narrow band （UNB） throughput-efficient communication. Meanwhile, the modulation parameters＇ effects on bandwidth, transmission rate and transmission performance are analyzed. Results illustrate the validity of theoretical analysis and spectrum optimization. Results also prove that this UNB system can obtain good bit error rate （BER） performance with high spectra efficiency.

Closed BER expression of multi-user DS UWB systemsin indoor fading channel

The bit error rate （BER） performance of multi-user direct spreading bi-phase shift keying （DSBPSK） direct impulse ultra wideband （UWB） systems is analyzed and simulated based on a statistical indoor multi-path fading channel model. The BER of the system is theoretically derived and given in closed form, which is expressed in terms of channel parameters and system parameters such as pulse width parameter, pulse repeat period, user number and pulse waveform. With this BER expression, the effect of these parameters on the system performance can be evaluated in a uniform way. Simulation results well match the theory numerical results, and prove that the multi-access interference （MAI） of DS-BPSK UWB is a normal distribution.

一种基于时分的EBPSK多载波实现方式

为了实现扩展的二元相移键控(EBPSK)调制的多载波传输,提出了一种基于时分的EBPSK多载波实现方式.首先,利用叠加原理,通过观察冲击滤波器的输出波形,分析了多路EBPSK信号间干扰的原因;然后,给出了消除信号间干扰的具体思路,即将临道信号相对延迟,使各路载波的判决区域在时间上区分开,避免判决区域的碰撞;最后,通过仿真,对比了不同时间保护间隔下基于时分的EBPSK多载波与单载波的误码率性能.仿真结果表明,时间保护间隔为0时干扰较大,多载波的误码率性能较差.在合适的时间保护间隔下,多载波的误码率性能几乎与单载波一致.基于时分的EBPSK多载波实现方式能够有效消除各路EBPSK信号间的干扰,使得多路EBPSK信号同时传输且误码率性能损失不明显.

A CMOS Low Power Fully Differential Sigma-Delta Frequency Synthesizer for 2Mb/s GMSK Modulation

A CMOS fully-differential 2.4GHz ∑-△ frequency synthesizer for Gaussian minimum shift keying （GMSK）modulation is presented. A pre-compensation fractional-N phase-locked loop（PLL）is adopted in the modulator.The transfer function of the type- Ⅱ third-order phase-locked loop is deduced,and the important parameters that affect the loop transfer function are pointed out. Methods to calibrate the important loop parameters arc introduced. A differential tuned LC-VCO and a fully-differential charge pump are adopted in the PLL design. The designed circuits are simulated in a 0.18gm 1P6M CMOS process. The power consumption of the PLL is only about llmW with the low power consideration in building blocks design, and the data rate of the modulator can reach 2Mb/s.

基于WEB应用的安全通道技术的研究及原型的实现

内外网的安全通信是许多WEB应用程序的关键,该文提出一种在防火墙隔断的内外网之间建立基于WEB的数据安全通道的方法,并且在这条安全通道中设计了访问控制机制,解决了内外网之间WEB应用的安全问题。

A modulator using RF CMOS T-type attenuator for TH-UWB communications

The insertion loss （IL） of a T-type attenuator is theoretically analyzed. A T-type RF （ radio frequency） CMOS （ complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor ） attenuator is designed as an on-off keying（OOK） modulator in a time-hopping ultra wide-band （TH-UWB）communication with a carrier frequency of 4 GHz. In the topology of the OOK modulator circuit, there are three parts, an oscillator with an oscillating frequency of 4 GHz, a T-type attenuator constructed by RF CMOS transistors, and an output impedance matching network with a L-type LC structure. The modulator is controlled by a time-hopping pulse position modulation（TH-PPM） signal. The envelope of the modulated signal varies with the amplitude of the controlling signal. Meanwhile, an output matching network is also designed to match a 50 Ω load. In 0. 18 μm RF CMOS technology, a modulator is designed and simulated. The implemented modulator chip has 65 mV of the output amplitude at a 50 fl load from a 1.8 V supply, and the return loss （ S11 ） at the output port is less than - 10 dB. The chip size is 0. 7 mm × 0. 8 mm, and the power consumption is 12. 3 mW.

中国垂直专业化比重动态的实证研究

20世纪末到本世纪初的短短十几年,中国经济经历了持续的高速增长,但是中国对主要贸易国家的垂直专业化比重也出现大幅度上升,并对中国国民经济的长期、持续、健康发展以及国民经济安全构成了潜在的威胁。本文以Kai-MuYi的两国动态李嘉图垂直专业化模型所建立的垂直专业化与各变量之间的函数关系为基础,运用相对劳动成本,相对资本成本,关税和相对TFP四个变量的时间序列数据进行计量分析,并以计量分析的结果为基础,给出了相关的政策建议。

A new detector in EBPSK communication system

In order to raise the detection precision of the extended binary phase shift keying （EBPSK） receiver, a detector based on the improved particle swarm optimization algorithm （IMPSO） and the BP neural network is designed. First, the characteristics of EBPSK modulated signals and the special filtering mechanism of the impacting filter are demonstrated. Secondly, an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm based on the logistic chaos disturbance operator and the Cauchy mutation operator is proposed, and the EBPSK detector is designed by utilizing the IMPSO-BP neural network. Finally, the simulation of the EBPSK detector based on the MPSO-BP neural network is conducted and the result is compared with that of the adaptive threshold-based decision, the BP neural network, and the PSO-BP detector, respectively. Simulation results show that the detection performance of the EBPSK detector based on the IMPSO-BP neural network is better than those of the other three detectors.

A 2.4GHz Low Power ASK Transmitter for Wireless Capsule Endoscope Applications

A 2.4GHz ASK transmitter suitable for a low power wireless capsule endoscope system is presented. A mixer-based frequency up-conversion transmitter architecture is employed to achieve a high data rate. A pseudodifferential stacked class-A power amplifier using the current reuse technique is proposed to save power. The transmitter mainly includes two parts： a 20MHz ASK modulator based on a constant amplitude phase lock loop （PLL） and a direct up-conversion RF circuit. This design, implemented in a TSMC 0.25μm CMOS process, achieves a - 23. 217dBm output power with a data rate of 1Mbps and dissipates 3.17mA of current with a single 2.5V power supply.

Modulation classification of MPSK signals based on nonparametric Bayesian inference

A nonparametric Bayesian method is presented to classify the MPSK （M-ary phase shift keying） signals. The MPSK signals with unknown signal noise ratios （SNRs） are modeled as a Gaussian mixture model with unknown means and covariances in the constellation plane, and a clustering method is proposed to estimate the probability density of the MPSK signals. The method is based on the nonparametric Bayesian inference, which introduces the Dirichlet process as the prior probability of the mixture coefficient, and applies a normal inverse Wishart （NIW） distribution as the prior probability of the unknown mean and covariance. Then, according to the received signals, the parameters are adjusted by the Monte Carlo Markov chain （MCMC） random sampling algorithm. By iterations, the density estimation of the MPSK signals can be estimated. Simulation results show that the correct recognition ratio of 2/4/8PSK is greater than 95% under the condition that SNR 〉5 dB and 1 600 symbols are used in this method.

人才甄选要素标准探究

确定甄选人才关键要素指标KEI,构成以KEI为核心的选拔运行机制,优胜劣汰,科学公正,效果良好。

试论教育领导人才甄选的KEI

教育领导干部的甄选,决定着品德的张扬、初心的践履、廉洁的程度、为民服务的质量,决定着一定教育部门的决策质量和具体教育实体的生存发展和兴衰成败。甄选过程需要经过深入探究,确定关键要素指标——KEI,构建以KEI为核心的甄选机制,促进教育领导人才甄选趋于科学合理客观公正,让"德才兼备"者脱颖而出,使"以德为先"的原则标准得以全面落实。

基于Matlab的QPSK系统设计仿真

介绍了数字通信中的QPSK调制解调的原理,通过用Matlab编写脚本程序对QPSK通信系统的发射和接收过程的具体实现进行模拟仿真,绘出信号在理想信道和加噪信道中模拟传输时的时域图,并对各模块进行了频谱分析,所得到的结果与理论基本相符,对于理解QPSK系统的性能并在系统的实际应用上作进一步的设计,提供了有效的参考依据。

Novel method of enhancing the key amount for FH systems

Based on the principle of information theory, a novel scheme of unequal-interval frequency-hopping (FH) systems was proposed. For cases of spectrum overlapping systems and non-overlapping systems, the implementation methods were presented and the security performances were discussed theoretically. Firstly, the definitions of absolute and relative key amounts of FH systems, equal-interval and unequal-interval FH systems were given. Then, the absolute key amount and relative key amount were analyzed for equal-interval and unequal-interval FH systems. The results indicated that the absolute key amount had become the key point in improving the security and secrecy of FH systems, especially in today's epoch of highly developed computer science and IC design technology. Theoretical analysis and practical examples showed that the absolute key amount of unequal-interval FH systems was generally over two orders larger than that of equal-interval ones when spectrum overlapping was allowable. Therefore, there was great superiority in enhancing the security and secrecy for the scheme mentioned.

Faster-than- Nyquist rate communication via convolutional neural networks- based demodulators

A demodulator based on convolutional neural networks（ CNNs） is proposed to demodulate bipolar extended binary phase shifting keying（ EBPSK） signals transmitted at a faster-thanNyquist（ FTN） rate, solving the problem of severe inter symbol interference（ ISI） caused by FTN rate signals. With the characteristics of local connectivity, pooling and weight sharing,a six-layer CNNs structure is used to demodulate and eliminate ISI. The results showthat with the symbol rate of 1. 07 k Bd, the bandwidth of the band-pass filter（ BPF） in a transmitter of 1 k Hz and the changing number of carrier cycles in a symbol K = 5,10,15,28, the overall bit error ratio（ BER） performance of CNNs with single-symbol decision is superior to that with a doublesymbol united-decision. In addition, the BER performance of single-symbol decision is approximately 0. 5 d B better than that of the coherent demodulator while K equals the total number of carrier circles in a symbol, i. e., K = N = 28. With the symbol rate of 1. 07 k Bd, the bandwidth of BPF in a transmitter of 500 Hz and K = 5,10,15,28, the overall BER performance of CNNs with double-symbol united-decision is superior to those with single-symbol decision. Moreover, the double-symbol uniteddecision method is approximately 0. 5 to 1. 5 d B better than that of the coherent demodulator while K = N = 28. The demodulators based on CNNs successfully solve the serious ISI problems generated during the transmission of FTN rate bipolar EBPSK signals, which is beneficial for the improvement of spectrum efficiency.

不同电池利用率模型下OOK信号能耗性能

目前,对于无线传感网节点能量受限问题的研究,主要以平均每bit电池能耗作为性能评价标准.以电池供电的采用开关键控(on-off keying,OOK)调制的发射机为研究对象,考虑基于瞬时放电电流(instaneous discharge current,IDC)与平均放电电流(average discharge current,MDC)两种非线性电池利用率模型,在瑞利信道中保证指定误码率的条件下,推导两种模型下电池能耗性能的解析表达式.在此基础上理论分析了归一化电池利用率因子和节点距离对电池能耗性能的影响,并用仿真实验验证了两种电池利用率模型下的能耗均随归一化电池利用率因子和节点距离的增大而增大.基于IDC的电池利用率模型对应更大的电池能耗.当归一化电池利用率因子和节点距离较大时,两种模型的能耗显著高于理想电池.当γ=0.015,d=90 m时,基于IDC电池利用率模型的能耗相比理想电池增加了近60%,而基于MDC电池利用率模型的能耗增加了25%.

Numerical modeling of DPSK pressure signals and their transmission characteristics in mud channels

A numerical model and transmission characteristic analysis of DPSK （differential phase shift keying） pressure signals in mud channels is introduced. With the control logic analysis of the rotary valve mud telemetry, a logical control signal is built from a Gate function sequence according to the binary symbols of transmitted data and a phase-shift function is obtained by integrating the logical control signal. A mathematical model of the DPSK pressure signal is built based on principles of communications by modulating carrier phase with the phase-shift function and a numerical simulation of the pressure wave is implemented with the mathematical model by MATLAB programming. Considering drillpipe pressure and drilling fluid temperature profile along drillpipes, the drillpipe of a vertical well is divided into a number of sections. With water-based drilling fluids, the impacts of travel distance, carrier frequency, drillpipe size, and drilling fluids on the signal transmission were studied by signal transmission characteristic analysis for all the sections. Numerical calculation results indicate that the influences of the viscosity of drilling fluids and volume fraction of gas in drilling fluids on the DPSK signal transmission are more notable than the others and the signal will distort in waveform with differential attenuations of the signal frequent component.

Adaptive compensating method for Doppler frequency shift using LMS and phase estimation

The novel compensating method directly demodulates the signals without the carrier recovery processes, in which the carrier with original modulation frequency is used as the local coherent carrier. In this way, the phase offsets due to frequency shift are linear. Based on this premise, the compensation processes are： firstly, the phase offsets between the baseband neighbor-symbols after clock recovery is unbiasedly estimated among the reference symbols; then, the receiving signals symbols are adjusted by the phase estimation value; finally, the phase offsets after adjusting are compensated by the least mean squares （LMS） algorithm. In order to express the compensation processes and ability clearly, the quadrature phase shift keying （QPSK） modulation signals are regarded as examples for Matlab simulation. BER simulations are carried out using the Monte-Carlo method. The learning curves are obtained to study the algorithm＇s convergence ability. The constellation figures are also simulated to observe the compensation results directly.

PLL DEMODULATION TECHNIQUE FOR M-RAY POSITION PHASE SHIFT KEYING

The paper presents a kind of transmission system which employs M-ary Position Phase Shift Keying(MPPSK) to send data and Phase Locked Loop(PLL) based techniques for data retrieve.With a single PLL, MPPSK demodulation is achieved, as well as carrier recovery and symbol synchronization.Firstly, MPPSK modulation method is briefly introduced.2PPSK's PSD expression is given with its optimization result.Orthogonal Phase Detector(PD) and static threshold are used for the purpose of wider phase range and simplicity in demodulation.The data rate is alterable, which is 4.65 kbps for 2PPSK and 9.3 kbps for 4PPSK in the paper.Then some indicative comparisons in Signal to Noise Ratio Symbol Error Rate(SNR-SER) are made among 2PPSK, 3PPSK and 4PPSK, of which 4PPSK has proved to be optimal in ten slots each symbol conditions.And finally, it is demonstrated by system simulations that lower than 10-4 Symbol Error Rate(SER) performance can be obtained at 13 dB symbol SNR.