Application of Mass Spectrometry (MS)-coupled Techniques in Pesticide Residue Detection

Pesticide residue detection is an important work to ensure the quality safety of agricultural products.In the process of agricultural production,in order to prevent and control agricultural diseases and pests,a certain amount of pesticides need to be used.However,if pesticides are used excessively,there will be certain pesticide residues in crops and related products.Therefore,it is necessary to do a good job in pesticide residue detection.The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS)detection methods have good results and can effectively detect pesticide residues in related products.This paper reviewed and analyzed the application of GC-MS and LC-MS in pesticide residue detection,and proposed optimization measures based on practical experience,hoping to provide reference for relevant scholars.

Progress of the discovery, application, and control technologies of chemical pesticides in China

Pesticides, which have the dual characteristics of being both helpful and harmful, are important materials for ensuring food security and human health. Therefore, the rational development, scientific application, and effective control of pesticides are very important. In this paper, from the perspectives of pesticide discovery, formulation processing, application mode, residue monitoring, and pollution elimination and prediction, trends in the research progress and development of pesticides in China were systematically summarized to provide an important reference for the development of pesticides with high efficiency and low risk and for the reduction of pesticide application.

Efficacy of High-efficiency Formula Pesticides for Controlling Sesamia inferens Walker and Ceratovacuna lanigera Zehntner

[Objectives]This study was conducted to screen high-efficiency formula pesticides and precise and efficient application techniques for the prevention and control of Sesamia inferens Walker and Ceratovacuna lanigera Zehntner.[Methods]Field efficacy trials were conducted using different combinations of 70%directed enhanced thiamethoxam seed treatment dispersible powder and 46%monosultap·Bacillus thuringiensis wettable powder.[Results]70%directed enhanced thiamethoxam ZF 450 g/hm^(2)+46%monosultap·B.thuringiensis WP 2250 g/hm^(2)had good control effects on both S.inferens and C.lanigera,so it was an ideal high-efficiency formula pesticide for controlling sugarcane S.inferens and C.lanigera.From January to May,combining with new plant or perennial root cultivation management,70%directed enhanced thiamethoxam ZF 450 g/hm^(2)can be evenly spread on sugarcane ditches and sugarcane stumps after being well mixed with fertilizers applied per hectare,and covered with soil in a timely manner,and during the peak incubation period of the first and second generation of S.inferens eggs from March to May,46%monosultap·B.thuringiensis WP 2250 g/hm^(2)was sprayed to the leaf surface in the mixture with water 675 kg with an electric backpack or a motorized sprayer.In such a way,the control efficacy on dead heart seedlings could reach over 89.8%,and that on C.lanigera could reach 100%.Meanwhile,it could effectively and concurrently control thrips,and the increases in yield and sugar content could reach 29310 kg/hm^(2)and 5.9 percentage points,respectively.[Conclusions]The promotion and application of the formula pesticide could achieve precise application and control of sugarcane pests,and improvement of sugarcane quality and planting efficiency,and help promote green prevention and control of sugarcane diseases and pests and the sustained high-quality development of the sugar industry.

Evaluation of Control Effects against Sugarcane Pests：A New Sustained-release and Long-lasting Pesticide and Convenient and Efficient Pesticide Application Technology

[Objective]The paper was to screen a new ideal sustained-release,long-lasting and low-toxic pesticide and convenient and efficient pesticide application technology for controlling Ceratovacuna lanigera and Baliathrips serratus. [Method]2% Imidacloprid GR were selected and applied in the soil for field efficacy trial. [Result] The optimum dosage of 2% imidacloprid GR was 30 kg/hm^2（ active ingredient 600 g）,which can be mixed with fertilizer（ 30 kg pesticide and 40-80 kg fertilizer per hm^2） once combined with sugarcane planting management or big ridging during February and June. The control effects against C. lanigera and B. serratus could be more than 98. 2% and 81. 1%,respectively. The actual yield and sugar content in various pesticide treatments were increased by 33 390 kg/hm^2 and 6. 6% respectively compared to blank control. [Conclusion]2% imidacloprid GR has good control effects on C. lanigera and B. serratus. It is a new pesticide with ideal sustained-release,long-lasting and low-toxin effects against C. lanigera and B. serratus. Therefore,it could be used alternatively with other pesticides,to delay production and development of drug resistance.

Effect of Reducing Application of Chemical Fertilizers and Chemical Pesticides on Physiological Traits,Yield and Quality of Radish

This paper studied the effect of reducing application of chemical fertilizer,increasing application of functional organic fertilizer and trace elements and fully using biological pesticides on physiological traits,yield and quality of radish. The results showed that applying functional organic fertilizer and trace elements and fully using biological pesticides could help to significantly improve the radish fleshy root yield,increase soluble sugar and vitamin C content,reduce crude fiber and nitrate content,but had no significant influence on radish moisture content,glucosinolates and chlorpyrifos content in organophosphorus pesticides.

Control Effect of Slow-release, Long-acting and Multi-functional New Pesticides on Sugarcane Borders and Woolly Aphids

In order to select the long-acting,low toxic,low-risk and multi-functional new pesticides for the control of sugarcane borders and woolly aphids and precise and efficient application technology,the control effect of 10% monosultap · thiamethoxam granular formulation and 1% Bt · clothianidin granular formulation on sugarcane borders and woolly aphids were studied.The results showed that 10% monosultap·thiamethoxam GR and 1% Bt·clothianidin GR had good control effects on sugarcane borders and woolly aphids.They were ideal slow-release,long-acting,low toxic and multi-functional new pesticides used to control sugarcane borders and woolly aphids.They could be used alternately with other pesticides to delay the emergence and development of pest resistance to pesticides.The best dosage of the two pesticides in the field was 45 kg/hm^2.They could be mixed with fertilizer( 1200-1800 kg/hm^2),scattered in sugarcane ditches or at the base of sugarcane plants,and covered with soil or film from January to July.The control effect on dead heart seedlings damaged by borers could be up to above 79.2%,and the control effect on sugarcane woolly aphids could reach more than 98.8%.In comparison with the control group,the actual yield and sugar content of sugarcane increased by above 41 555 kg/hm^2 and 6.5% respectively.The application of slow-release,long-acting,strong systemic and multi-functional new agents with fertilizer around roots is convenient,precise and efficient,labor-saving,time-saving and environmentally friendly,and is worthy of being widely applied in sugarcane areas.

Research Advances in Mechanization of Pesticide Spraying Technology for Facility Agriculture

Firstly,this paper introduced the special requirements of pesticide application technical equipment for the facility agriculture. Secondly,it analyzed domestic situation of pesticide application technical equipment for the facility agriculture. Then,it discussed existing controlled droplet pesticide sprayer from operating principle,structural characteristics,and innovation points,and pointed out existing research findings and future research modules of the controlled droplet pesticide sprayer. Finally,in line with main research points and development direction of controlled droplet pesticide sprayer for the facility agriculture,it came up with pertinent recommendations and measures. It is intended to provide references for the application and development of pesticide application technical equipment for the facility agriculture in China.

我国细菌类微生物农药的登记情况与应用策略浅析

细菌农药是最早被商业化开发应用的微生物农药之一,其无论在作物虫害还是病害防治中都有较为广阔的应用前景。通过对中国农药信息网的检索统计,梳理了当前我国细菌类微生物农药登记应用情况。截至2023年11月在我国登记应用的细菌类微生物农药有效成分已达30个,登记产品共计336个(母药40个、制剂296个)。细菌类微生物农药的科学管理与应用对减少化学农药用量,保障我国高品质农产品的安全生产具有十分重要的现实意义。

党参化肥农药减施增效栽培技术规程

化肥农药减施增效可助力党参产业绿色健康发展。为更好地指导甘肃省党参种植生产中化肥和农药施用,针对党参种植生产中化肥农药过量施用、养分利用率低、防控过度依赖化学农药等问题,经过多年试验研究和生产示范,从范围、规范性引用文件、术语和定义、产地环境、化肥减施、种苗移栽、田间管理、主要病虫害防控、采收等方面总结提出了党参化肥农药减施增效栽培技术规程。

用于农药喷施的液力式喷头雾化与沉积分布特性分析

在众多类型的喷头中,液力式雾化喷头因其雾化量大、能耗低、设备简单、经济性好而得到更广泛应用。研究液力式喷头的雾化与沉积特性对改善农药喷施效果具有重要的指导意义。为明确液力式喷头的类型和喷雾参数对其雾化和沉积特性的影响,本文对6种类型的液力式喷头(标准扇形雾XR 110-015、防飘扇形雾DG 110-015、射流扇形雾AIXR 110-015、射流扇形雾AI 110-015、空心圆锥雾TXA 80-015和射流空心圆锥雾AITXA 80-015)的雾滴粒径、雾滴沉降速度以及沉积分布进行了测试。结果表明:6种供试喷头的雾滴粒径均随喷雾压力的增大而减小,不同喷雾压力下细雾滴(XR 110-015)和中等雾滴喷头(DG 110-015)的体积中值直径(D_(v0.5))差异较小,而粗雾滴(AIXR 110-015)和超粗雾滴喷头(AI 110-015和AITXA 80-015)对喷雾压力的敏感性更强,其雾滴的D_(v0.5)值随着喷雾压力的增加而急剧下降。雾滴沉降速度与分布特征主要由喷头类型决定,喷雾压力对雾滴沉降速度的影响较小,同一喷头在不同喷雾压力下的雾滴沉降速度分布趋势相似。相同喷雾压力下,细雾滴喷头的平均沉降速度(Vavg)高于其体积中值沉降速度(V_(v0.5)),但随着喷头雾滴的增大,中雾滴喷头和粗雾滴喷头的V_(v0.5)超过其Vavg,且雾滴的粒径越大两者差值越明显。雾滴的沉积结果显示,不同喷雾压力下各喷头的喷雾液流失率均在7.82%~9.75%范围内,各喷头在不同喷雾压力下的流量相似,且略低于其名义流量。喷雾压力对DG 110-015、XR 110-015和AIXR 110-015喷头的雾滴沉积分布均匀性无显著影响,但较高的喷雾压力可提高AITXA 80-015和TXA 80-015喷头的雾滴沉积分布均匀性。本研究可为田间施药时液力式喷头的选择和作业参数的优化提供理论指导和技术参考。

带药移栽对水稻害虫防控的减药增效作用分析

【目的】以新型、高效、持效期长的杀虫剂三氟苯嘧啶和四唑虫酰胺为例,探究带药移栽对水稻害虫的防控效果及农药减量增效的实践意义。【方法】通过室内模拟秧苗带药移栽分别测定了1.95,5.85和9.75 mg a.i./m^(2)三氟苯嘧啶处理对褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens和白背飞虱Sogatella furcifera成虫或若虫的毒力和持效期,并在浙江杭州和湖南衡阳两地评估了早、中、晚稻秧苗高剂量带药移栽处理对二化螟Chilo suppressalis和稻飞虱的田间防效以及不同施药模式对稻田寄生蜂种群动态的影响。【结果】室内经5.85和9.75 mg a.i./m^(2)三氟苯嘧啶处理的秧苗在移栽后35 d时使褐飞虱雌成虫和3龄若虫均能保持75%以上的校正死亡率,且5.85 mg a.i./m^(2)剂量处理在移栽后28 d时使白背飞虱雌成虫的校正死亡率大于80%;使用12.75和25.50 mg a.i./m^(2)四唑虫酰胺处理秧苗在移栽后35 d时对早稻二化螟为害的校正防效均在85%以上。综合浙江杭州和湖南衡阳两地中、晚稻田间试验结果表明,应用5.85 mg a.i./m^(2)三氟苯嘧啶和25.50 mg a.i./m^(2)四唑虫酰胺进行秧苗“送嫁药”处理可减少1~2次大田用药和98%以上的农药有效成分用量,同时还保持着与常规喷施相当的防效,并使寄生蜂总种类和总数量分别提高了29.0%~49.7%和61.2%~69.3%。【结论】秧苗移栽前施用防效优良且持效期长的杀虫剂能减少水稻前期的施药次数和用量,产生较好的经济和生态效益。本研究为利用带药移栽技术推行水稻病虫害的绿色防控提供了重要参考。

航测像控点测量与布设下的智能施药作业研究

以果树喷雾施药智能控制为研究对象,利用植保无人机进行果树施药区域像控点测量,结合激光雷达进行施药区域的精准获取,再利用工控机对像控测量点数据和激光雷达数据进行分析计算,生成施药喷头精准控制指令,并发送至主控制器,驱动喷头推杆电机调节电动推杆的位移值,完成施药喷头的智能化控制。试验结果表明:该控制方法能够满足果树树冠的喷雾施药需求,且可对施药喷头进行精准化智能控制。

美国农药使用管理制度概述

美国是世界上农药立法最早的国家之一,对农药使用建立了非常严格和完善的管理制度。美国农药使用的相关法规包括《联邦杀虫剂、杀菌剂和杀鼠剂法》《联邦食品、药品和化妆品法》等多部法规。将农药划分为一般使用、限制使用和2种使用同时存在3种分级,并将农药的使用人员分为认证施药者、私人施药者、商业施药者和维护施药者4类,对不同类别的施药者实行不同的管理要求。为进一步确保限制使用农药的安全使用,2017年美国对农药施药者认证(CPA)规则进行了修订,实行更严格的管理。

微生物农药在病虫害防治中的应用进展

随着农药产业的发展,微生物农药受到广泛关注,因其具有生态友好性、生物特异性以及高效低风险性等特点,使之在病虫害防治上发挥了独特优势。本文从微生物农药的种类及作用机理方面介绍微生物农药,阐述了微生物农药在病虫害防治中的应用现状,并分析其在病虫害防治及微生物农药发展等方面存在的问题,以推动微生物农药在农业生产中的进一步应用。

农产品农药残留检测技术的运用探讨

农产品质量安全与人们的健康乃至生命安全息息相关,保证农产品质量安全意义重大。农产品生产环节往往会使用一些农药,若农药使用不合理,特别是超剂量使用化学农药,极易出现农产品农药残留超标的现象。人们若食用农药残留超标的农产品,会对自身健康产生不利影响,甚至会危及生命。为保障农产品质量安全,做好农产品农药残留检测工作具有重要的现实意义。本文概述农产品农药残留检测意义,分析农产品农药残留检测关键技术,探讨农产品农药残留检测技术应用管理对策。

浅谈食品检测中农药残留检测技术应用控制的关键

随着全球对食品安全的高度重视,农药残留检测成为食品检测领域的一个重要组成部分。本文综合分析了当前农药残留检测技术的分类与应用,并深入探讨了在实际应用中的关键控制因素,同时针对农药残留检测技术面临的挑战和未来发展趋势进行了讨论,旨在为提高检测效率和准确性提供指导。

农药残留检测技术在食品质量检验中的应用

在食品安全检测中,农药残留检测是衡量食品安全性的手段之一。近年来,全球食品供应链日益复杂,为全面提高基层食品监管效率、强化食品安全防线,本文分析农药残留检测技术在食品质量检验中的应用价值,并提出相关技术的推广策略,以供参考。

提高果树喷药效果的关键技术

果园病虫害喷药防治是果园抚育管理过程中重要的环节。部分果农在喷药实际操作中,存在操作技术不规范、注重过程而忽视实效、认知上存在一定的误区等问题。为解决上述问题,本文从选择合适农药、时间和气象条件、科学规范配制药液、喷药操作方面系统介绍了提升果园喷药效果的关键技术,以期节约果农的施药成本、提高果园的经济效益、保护生态环境、实现科技兴林助农。

无人机施药与传统常量施药在小麦冠层的雾滴沉积规律

【目的】目前中国无人机施药缺乏飞防专用剂型,在进行飞防时大都使用常规剂型,限制了飞防的推广与应用,筛选有利于飞防的常规剂型对于增加药剂的分散效果和提高防效具有重要作用。【方法】选择三种常见农药剂型,通过比较常量喷雾与飞防喷雾效果,评价雾滴在小麦冠层的沉积规律。【结果】试验发现,相同喷雾条件下,水乳剂的药剂分散性最好,其次是水分散粒剂,最后是水悬浮剂。【结论】与常量施药相比,航空施药不仅具有更好的药剂分散性和穿透性,还有利于节约用水。