Background Brown adipose tissue(BAT)is known to be capable of non-shivering thermogenesis under cold stimulation,which is related to the mortality of animals.In the previous study,we observed that goat BAT is mainly l...Background Brown adipose tissue(BAT)is known to be capable of non-shivering thermogenesis under cold stimulation,which is related to the mortality of animals.In the previous study,we observed that goat BAT is mainly located around the kidney at birth,and changes to white adipose tissue(WAT)in the perirenal adipose tissue of goats within one month after birth.However,the regulatory factors underlying this change is remain unclear.In this study,we systematically studied the perirenal adipose tissue of goat kids in histological,cytological,and accompanying molecular level changes from 0 to 28 d after birth.Results Our study found a higher mortality rate in winter-born goat kids,with goat birthing data statistics.Then we used thermal imaging revealing high temperature in goat hips at postnatal 0 d and gradually decrease during 28 d.This is consistent with the region of perirenal BAT deposition and highlights its critical role in energy expenditure and body temperature regulation in goat kids.Additionally,we found a series of changes of BAT during the first 28 d after birth,such as whitening,larger lipid droplets,decreased mitochondrial numbers,and down-regulation of key thermogenesis-related genes(UCP1,DIO2,UCP2,CIDEA,PPARGC1a,C/EBPb,and C/EBPa).Then,we used RNA-seq found specific marker genes for goat adipose tissue and identified 12 new marker genes for BAT and 10 new marker genes for WAT of goats.Furthermore,12 candidate genes were found to potentially regulate goat BAT thermogenesis.The mechanism of the change of this biological phenomenon does not involve a large-scale death of brown adipocytes and subsequent proliferation of white adipocytes.While apoptosis may play a limited role,it is largely not critical in this transition process.Conclusions We concluded that perirenal BAT plays a crucial role in thermoregulation in newborn goat kids,with notable species differences in the expression of adipose tissue marker genes,and we highlighted some potential marker genes for goat BAT and WAT.Additionally,the change from BAT to WAT does not involve a large-scale death of brown adipocytes and subsequent proliferation of white adipocytes.展开更多
Nuonuo Kids Bookstore is a dreamlike reading kingdom,established by Zhaci and his team with boundless enthusiasm and considerate design.In such a magical space,laughters and exclamations of kids harmonize into the mos...Nuonuo Kids Bookstore is a dreamlike reading kingdom,established by Zhaci and his team with boundless enthusiasm and considerate design.In such a magical space,laughters and exclamations of kids harmonize into the most beautiful melody.Here,they learn to think,feel,love and also be loved.展开更多
Precisely estimating the state of health(SOH)of lithium-ion batteries is essential for battery management systems(BMS),as it plays a key role in ensuring the safe and reliable operation of battery systems.However,curr...Precisely estimating the state of health(SOH)of lithium-ion batteries is essential for battery management systems(BMS),as it plays a key role in ensuring the safe and reliable operation of battery systems.However,current SOH estimation methods often overlook the valuable temperature information that can effectively characterize battery aging during capacity degradation.Additionally,the Elman neural network,which is commonly employed for SOH estimation,exhibits several drawbacks,including slow training speed,a tendency to become trapped in local minima,and the initialization of weights and thresholds using pseudo-random numbers,leading to unstable model performance.To address these issues,this study addresses the challenge of precise and effective SOH detection by proposing a method for estimating the SOH of lithium-ion batteries based on differential thermal voltammetry(DTV)and an SSA-Elman neural network.Firstly,two health features(HFs)considering temperature factors and battery voltage are extracted fromthe differential thermal voltammetry curves and incremental capacity curves.Next,the Sparrow Search Algorithm(SSA)is employed to optimize the initial weights and thresholds of the Elman neural network,forming the SSA-Elman neural network model.To validate the performance,various neural networks,including the proposed SSA-Elman network,are tested using the Oxford battery aging dataset.The experimental results demonstrate that the method developed in this study achieves superior accuracy and robustness,with a mean absolute error(MAE)of less than 0.9%and a rootmean square error(RMSE)below 1.4%.展开更多
自杀是当前全球重大公共卫生问题之一,预防自杀已刻不容缓。经过30年的发展,加拿大自杀预防中心(Kids Help Phone)开展的青少年自杀预防教育在加拿大处于领导力地位。KHP下设咨询服务与项目部、收入发展部、财务与行政部、创新科技部、...自杀是当前全球重大公共卫生问题之一,预防自杀已刻不容缓。经过30年的发展,加拿大自杀预防中心(Kids Help Phone)开展的青少年自杀预防教育在加拿大处于领导力地位。KHP下设咨询服务与项目部、收入发展部、财务与行政部、创新科技部、新闻编辑室五个部门;借助这些部门,KHP聘用专业的雇员和志愿者,开发线上和线下实体项目、参与国家战略、加强与其他相关机构的联系,为青少年,尤其是大中小学生提供专业化的自杀预防服务和教育活动。KHP及其开展的青少年自杀预防教育对完善我国自杀预防机构、推进自杀预防教育专业化等,提供了借鉴意义。展开更多
In this study,the decay of maternal peste des petits ruminants virus(PPRV) antibodies in kids born to goats vaccinated with Asian lineage IV PPR vaccine and the efficacy of passive immunity against PPRV was assessed t...In this study,the decay of maternal peste des petits ruminants virus(PPRV) antibodies in kids born to goats vaccinated with Asian lineage IV PPR vaccine and the efficacy of passive immunity against PPRV was assessed to determine the appropriate period for vaccination in kids.Serum samples collected from kids born to vaccinated,unvaccinated and infected goats at different time intervals were tested by PPR competitive ELISA and serum neutralization test(SNT).Maternal antibodies in kids were detectable up to 6 months with a decline trend from the third month onwards and receded below the protective level by the fourth month.The kid with an SN titre of 1:8 at the time of immunization showed significant PPRV specific antibody response(percentage inhibition of 76;SN titers >1:16),when tested on 21 day post-vaccination and was completely protected from infection upon virulent PPRV challenge.Similarly,the kid with 1:8 SN titers was completely protected from PPR infection on active challenge.Therefore,PPR vaccination is recommended in kids,aged 4 months and born to immunized or exposed goats.This could be a suitable period to avoid window of susceptibility in kids to PPRV and the effort to eliminate PPR infection from susceptible populations.展开更多
目的:通过系统的文献检索和整理分析,总结介绍国际足球联合会医学评估与研究中心(FIFA Medical Assessment and Research Center,F-MARC)和国际知名专家共同制定的具有年龄特异性的FIFA 11+儿童版(FIFA 11+kids)综合热身练习对儿童足球...目的:通过系统的文献检索和整理分析,总结介绍国际足球联合会医学评估与研究中心(FIFA Medical Assessment and Research Center,F-MARC)和国际知名专家共同制定的具有年龄特异性的FIFA 11+儿童版(FIFA 11+kids)综合热身练习对儿童足球运动员的影响。方法:按照预先制定的检索策略和文献纳入、排除标准,对相关文献进行检索和筛选,对符合要求的文献进行定性分析和叙述性总结。纳入文献的质量通过PEDro量表进行评估。结果:经过检索和筛选,共计8篇英文文献被纳入本系统综述,进行最后的分析、评价和总结归纳,未纳入中文文献。所纳入研究的质量评价得分在4至7分(满分11分)的范围内,研究的平均得分为6.75分,表明所纳入文献的质量中等。结论:1)FIFA 11+kids综合热身练习可有效预防儿童足球运动员的运动损伤,降低其损伤风险;2)FIFA 11+kids可提高儿童足球运动员跳高、跳远、平衡、敏捷性等运动能力和身体素质,改善其运动表现;3)与常规的热身活动相比,FIFA 11+kids大大降低了与医疗保健相关的成本。展开更多
1.Introduction Daily physical activity(PA)participation is crucial to the health and well-being of young children.Along with total physical activity(TPA;all-intensity),moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA...1.Introduction Daily physical activity(PA)participation is crucial to the health and well-being of young children.Along with total physical activity(TPA;all-intensity),moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA),or energetic play,is associated with greater health benefits,particularly for preschoolers(3-4 years),including but not limited to improved bone and skeletal properties and cognitive and psychosocial health.1 Centered on this,both Canada and Australia have recently established 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for the Early Years,recommending that.展开更多
Home with Kids,a Chinese television sitcom,has been gaining great popularity among audience since 2004.The show has kept its high ratings by integrating the current hot issue of "reconstituted family" into t...Home with Kids,a Chinese television sitcom,has been gaining great popularity among audience since 2004.The show has kept its high ratings by integrating the current hot issue of "reconstituted family" into the everlasting topic of family relations.This paper makes detailed analysis of its settings,characters and plots,aiming to find patterns the sitcom chose to represent the Chinese culture through its language use.展开更多
The provision of basic data about oxidative stresses on Aardi goats will be beneficial for understanding the basic physiological indices of a valuable local breed of goats under harsh desert condition. The primary aim...The provision of basic data about oxidative stresses on Aardi goats will be beneficial for understanding the basic physiological indices of a valuable local breed of goats under harsh desert condition. The primary aim of this study is to assess the antioxidant status of newly born Aardi kids. Eighteen newly born Aardi kids were used in this study;sampled weekly as from week 1 to 4 for the assay of the plasma Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC), ThioBarbituric Reactive Substances (TBARS), and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) activities. For new-born, total blood antioxidants concentrations did not change during the four weeks of life. However, TBARS increased during the 2nd and 3rd week of age (p < 0.05). The results indicated that TAC in kids from birth to 4 weeks of age tended to increase, but not significantly. Serum TBARS concentrations increased on the 2nd week and decreased significantly on the 4th week of age. Serum SOD levels did not change significantly, even though, the trend showed a decline during 1st to 3rd week of age. The small decrease in serum TBARS in the serum of kids can be considered as an indication of decreased oxidants, which in turn, resulted in a reduction in serum SOD concentration. In conclusion, this basic data could help in understanding the adaptational physiology of young local Saudi goats.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the reproductive performance and milk quality to nutrition pre-pubertal plane in Kurdish female kids.Methods: Forty Kurdish female kids [aged (28.0±6.6) d and weighted (7.56±1.10) kg...Objective:To investigate the reproductive performance and milk quality to nutrition pre-pubertal plane in Kurdish female kids.Methods: Forty Kurdish female kids [aged (28.0±6.6) d and weighted (7.56±1.10) kg] were assigned randomly in pre-weaning period to one of two practical diets: low quality diet (LQD) [87 g CP/kg dray matter (DM) and 2.02 Mcal ME/kg DM], and high quality diet (HQD), (148 g CP/kg DM and 2.50 Mcal ME/kg DM). At weaning, from each group, one half of kids was separated randomly and allocated to LQD or HQD. Consequently, in post-weaning period, there were four treatment groups including: LQD pre and post-weaning (L-L), control group and LQD pre-weaning and HQD post-weaning (L-H);HQD pre-weaning and LQD post-weaning (H-L), HQD pre- and post-weanin (H-H). From 30 to 180 d of age, body weight and DM intake were determined every 2 wk.Results:Results showed that the HQD treatment enhanced body weight and DM intake during pre-weaning period, in comparison with the LQD treatment (P<0.01). During post-weaning, kids of H-H treatment had higher DM intake compared with other kid's treatments. Kids fed the HQD treatment had greater withers height compared to kids on the LQD treatment at 90 d of age (P<0.01). Kids in the L-H and H-H groups weighed more and were younger at puberty. In the period of pre-pubertal, diet plan was not significantly affected milk yield and reproductive performance at the first lactation.Conclusions:Overall, management strategies that have been used to availability of nutrition could increase growth and feed intake in Kurdish female kids. In addition, these strategic programs should be enhancing economic characteristics at the start of puberty of kid in goat husbandry.展开更多
Most of the neural network architectures are based on human experience,which requires a long and tedious trial-and-error process.Neural architecture search(NAS)attempts to detect effective architectures without human ...Most of the neural network architectures are based on human experience,which requires a long and tedious trial-and-error process.Neural architecture search(NAS)attempts to detect effective architectures without human intervention.Evolutionary algorithms(EAs)for NAS can find better solutions than human-designed architectures by exploring a large search space for possible architectures.Using multiobjective EAs for NAS,optimal neural architectures that meet various performance criteria can be explored and discovered efficiently.Furthermore,hardware-accelerated NAS methods can improve the efficiency of the NAS.While existing reviews have mainly focused on different strategies to complete NAS,a few studies have explored the use of EAs for NAS.In this paper,we summarize and explore the use of EAs for NAS,as well as large-scale multiobjective optimization strategies and hardware-accelerated NAS methods.NAS performs well in healthcare applications,such as medical image analysis,classification of disease diagnosis,and health monitoring.EAs for NAS can automate the search process and optimize multiple objectives simultaneously in a given healthcare task.Deep neural network has been successfully used in healthcare,but it lacks interpretability.Medical data is highly sensitive,and privacy leaks are frequently reported in the healthcare industry.To solve these problems,in healthcare,we propose an interpretable neuroevolution framework based on federated learning to address search efficiency and privacy protection.Moreover,we also point out future research directions for evolutionary NAS.Overall,for researchers who want to use EAs to optimize NNs in healthcare,we analyze the advantages and disadvantages of doing so to provide detailed guidance,and propose an interpretable privacy-preserving framework for healthcare applications.展开更多
基金This work was financially supported by The National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFD1300202)The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32372834)+2 种基金Chongqing Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System(CQMAITS202313)the Collection,Utilization and Innovation of Germplasm Resources by Research Institutes and Enterprises of Chongqing,China(cqnyncw-kqlhtxm)the Chongqing Postgraduate Research Innovation Project(CYB22141).
文摘Background Brown adipose tissue(BAT)is known to be capable of non-shivering thermogenesis under cold stimulation,which is related to the mortality of animals.In the previous study,we observed that goat BAT is mainly located around the kidney at birth,and changes to white adipose tissue(WAT)in the perirenal adipose tissue of goats within one month after birth.However,the regulatory factors underlying this change is remain unclear.In this study,we systematically studied the perirenal adipose tissue of goat kids in histological,cytological,and accompanying molecular level changes from 0 to 28 d after birth.Results Our study found a higher mortality rate in winter-born goat kids,with goat birthing data statistics.Then we used thermal imaging revealing high temperature in goat hips at postnatal 0 d and gradually decrease during 28 d.This is consistent with the region of perirenal BAT deposition and highlights its critical role in energy expenditure and body temperature regulation in goat kids.Additionally,we found a series of changes of BAT during the first 28 d after birth,such as whitening,larger lipid droplets,decreased mitochondrial numbers,and down-regulation of key thermogenesis-related genes(UCP1,DIO2,UCP2,CIDEA,PPARGC1a,C/EBPb,and C/EBPa).Then,we used RNA-seq found specific marker genes for goat adipose tissue and identified 12 new marker genes for BAT and 10 new marker genes for WAT of goats.Furthermore,12 candidate genes were found to potentially regulate goat BAT thermogenesis.The mechanism of the change of this biological phenomenon does not involve a large-scale death of brown adipocytes and subsequent proliferation of white adipocytes.While apoptosis may play a limited role,it is largely not critical in this transition process.Conclusions We concluded that perirenal BAT plays a crucial role in thermoregulation in newborn goat kids,with notable species differences in the expression of adipose tissue marker genes,and we highlighted some potential marker genes for goat BAT and WAT.Additionally,the change from BAT to WAT does not involve a large-scale death of brown adipocytes and subsequent proliferation of white adipocytes.
文摘Nuonuo Kids Bookstore is a dreamlike reading kingdom,established by Zhaci and his team with boundless enthusiasm and considerate design.In such a magical space,laughters and exclamations of kids harmonize into the most beautiful melody.Here,they learn to think,feel,love and also be loved.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under Grant(No.51677058).
文摘Precisely estimating the state of health(SOH)of lithium-ion batteries is essential for battery management systems(BMS),as it plays a key role in ensuring the safe and reliable operation of battery systems.However,current SOH estimation methods often overlook the valuable temperature information that can effectively characterize battery aging during capacity degradation.Additionally,the Elman neural network,which is commonly employed for SOH estimation,exhibits several drawbacks,including slow training speed,a tendency to become trapped in local minima,and the initialization of weights and thresholds using pseudo-random numbers,leading to unstable model performance.To address these issues,this study addresses the challenge of precise and effective SOH detection by proposing a method for estimating the SOH of lithium-ion batteries based on differential thermal voltammetry(DTV)and an SSA-Elman neural network.Firstly,two health features(HFs)considering temperature factors and battery voltage are extracted fromthe differential thermal voltammetry curves and incremental capacity curves.Next,the Sparrow Search Algorithm(SSA)is employed to optimize the initial weights and thresholds of the Elman neural network,forming the SSA-Elman neural network model.To validate the performance,various neural networks,including the proposed SSA-Elman network,are tested using the Oxford battery aging dataset.The experimental results demonstrate that the method developed in this study achieves superior accuracy and robustness,with a mean absolute error(MAE)of less than 0.9%and a rootmean square error(RMSE)below 1.4%.
文摘自杀是当前全球重大公共卫生问题之一,预防自杀已刻不容缓。经过30年的发展,加拿大自杀预防中心(Kids Help Phone)开展的青少年自杀预防教育在加拿大处于领导力地位。KHP下设咨询服务与项目部、收入发展部、财务与行政部、创新科技部、新闻编辑室五个部门;借助这些部门,KHP聘用专业的雇员和志愿者,开发线上和线下实体项目、参与国家战略、加强与其他相关机构的联系,为青少年,尤其是大中小学生提供专业化的自杀预防服务和教育活动。KHP及其开展的青少年自杀预防教育对完善我国自杀预防机构、推进自杀预防教育专业化等,提供了借鉴意义。
基金Project Directorate on Animal Disease Monitoring and Surveillance(PD_ADMAS)
文摘In this study,the decay of maternal peste des petits ruminants virus(PPRV) antibodies in kids born to goats vaccinated with Asian lineage IV PPR vaccine and the efficacy of passive immunity against PPRV was assessed to determine the appropriate period for vaccination in kids.Serum samples collected from kids born to vaccinated,unvaccinated and infected goats at different time intervals were tested by PPR competitive ELISA and serum neutralization test(SNT).Maternal antibodies in kids were detectable up to 6 months with a decline trend from the third month onwards and receded below the protective level by the fourth month.The kid with an SN titre of 1:8 at the time of immunization showed significant PPRV specific antibody response(percentage inhibition of 76;SN titers >1:16),when tested on 21 day post-vaccination and was completely protected from infection upon virulent PPRV challenge.Similarly,the kid with 1:8 SN titers was completely protected from PPR infection on active challenge.Therefore,PPR vaccination is recommended in kids,aged 4 months and born to immunized or exposed goats.This could be a suitable period to avoid window of susceptibility in kids to PPRV and the effort to eliminate PPR infection from susceptible populations.
文摘目的:通过系统的文献检索和整理分析,总结介绍国际足球联合会医学评估与研究中心(FIFA Medical Assessment and Research Center,F-MARC)和国际知名专家共同制定的具有年龄特异性的FIFA 11+儿童版(FIFA 11+kids)综合热身练习对儿童足球运动员的影响。方法:按照预先制定的检索策略和文献纳入、排除标准,对相关文献进行检索和筛选,对符合要求的文献进行定性分析和叙述性总结。纳入文献的质量通过PEDro量表进行评估。结果:经过检索和筛选,共计8篇英文文献被纳入本系统综述,进行最后的分析、评价和总结归纳,未纳入中文文献。所纳入研究的质量评价得分在4至7分(满分11分)的范围内,研究的平均得分为6.75分,表明所纳入文献的质量中等。结论:1)FIFA 11+kids综合热身练习可有效预防儿童足球运动员的运动损伤,降低其损伤风险;2)FIFA 11+kids可提高儿童足球运动员跳高、跳远、平衡、敏捷性等运动能力和身体素质,改善其运动表现;3)与常规的热身活动相比,FIFA 11+kids大大降低了与医疗保健相关的成本。
文摘1.Introduction Daily physical activity(PA)participation is crucial to the health and well-being of young children.Along with total physical activity(TPA;all-intensity),moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA),or energetic play,is associated with greater health benefits,particularly for preschoolers(3-4 years),including but not limited to improved bone and skeletal properties and cognitive and psychosocial health.1 Centered on this,both Canada and Australia have recently established 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for the Early Years,recommending that.
文摘Home with Kids,a Chinese television sitcom,has been gaining great popularity among audience since 2004.The show has kept its high ratings by integrating the current hot issue of "reconstituted family" into the everlasting topic of family relations.This paper makes detailed analysis of its settings,characters and plots,aiming to find patterns the sitcom chose to represent the Chinese culture through its language use.
文摘The provision of basic data about oxidative stresses on Aardi goats will be beneficial for understanding the basic physiological indices of a valuable local breed of goats under harsh desert condition. The primary aim of this study is to assess the antioxidant status of newly born Aardi kids. Eighteen newly born Aardi kids were used in this study;sampled weekly as from week 1 to 4 for the assay of the plasma Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC), ThioBarbituric Reactive Substances (TBARS), and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) activities. For new-born, total blood antioxidants concentrations did not change during the four weeks of life. However, TBARS increased during the 2nd and 3rd week of age (p < 0.05). The results indicated that TAC in kids from birth to 4 weeks of age tended to increase, but not significantly. Serum TBARS concentrations increased on the 2nd week and decreased significantly on the 4th week of age. Serum SOD levels did not change significantly, even though, the trend showed a decline during 1st to 3rd week of age. The small decrease in serum TBARS in the serum of kids can be considered as an indication of decreased oxidants, which in turn, resulted in a reduction in serum SOD concentration. In conclusion, this basic data could help in understanding the adaptational physiology of young local Saudi goats.
文摘Objective:To investigate the reproductive performance and milk quality to nutrition pre-pubertal plane in Kurdish female kids.Methods: Forty Kurdish female kids [aged (28.0±6.6) d and weighted (7.56±1.10) kg] were assigned randomly in pre-weaning period to one of two practical diets: low quality diet (LQD) [87 g CP/kg dray matter (DM) and 2.02 Mcal ME/kg DM], and high quality diet (HQD), (148 g CP/kg DM and 2.50 Mcal ME/kg DM). At weaning, from each group, one half of kids was separated randomly and allocated to LQD or HQD. Consequently, in post-weaning period, there were four treatment groups including: LQD pre and post-weaning (L-L), control group and LQD pre-weaning and HQD post-weaning (L-H);HQD pre-weaning and LQD post-weaning (H-L), HQD pre- and post-weanin (H-H). From 30 to 180 d of age, body weight and DM intake were determined every 2 wk.Results:Results showed that the HQD treatment enhanced body weight and DM intake during pre-weaning period, in comparison with the LQD treatment (P<0.01). During post-weaning, kids of H-H treatment had higher DM intake compared with other kid's treatments. Kids fed the HQD treatment had greater withers height compared to kids on the LQD treatment at 90 d of age (P<0.01). Kids in the L-H and H-H groups weighed more and were younger at puberty. In the period of pre-pubertal, diet plan was not significantly affected milk yield and reproductive performance at the first lactation.Conclusions:Overall, management strategies that have been used to availability of nutrition could increase growth and feed intake in Kurdish female kids. In addition, these strategic programs should be enhancing economic characteristics at the start of puberty of kid in goat husbandry.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) under Grant No.61976242in part by the Natural Science Fund of Hebei Province for Distinguished Young Scholars under Grant No.F2021202010+2 种基金in part by the Fundamental Scientific Research Funds for Interdisciplinary Team of Hebei University of Technology under Grant No.JBKYTD2002funded by Science and Technology Project of Hebei Education Department under Grant No.JZX2023007supported by 2022 Interdisciplinary Postgraduate Training Program of Hebei University of Technology under Grant No.HEBUT-YXKJC-2022122.
文摘Most of the neural network architectures are based on human experience,which requires a long and tedious trial-and-error process.Neural architecture search(NAS)attempts to detect effective architectures without human intervention.Evolutionary algorithms(EAs)for NAS can find better solutions than human-designed architectures by exploring a large search space for possible architectures.Using multiobjective EAs for NAS,optimal neural architectures that meet various performance criteria can be explored and discovered efficiently.Furthermore,hardware-accelerated NAS methods can improve the efficiency of the NAS.While existing reviews have mainly focused on different strategies to complete NAS,a few studies have explored the use of EAs for NAS.In this paper,we summarize and explore the use of EAs for NAS,as well as large-scale multiobjective optimization strategies and hardware-accelerated NAS methods.NAS performs well in healthcare applications,such as medical image analysis,classification of disease diagnosis,and health monitoring.EAs for NAS can automate the search process and optimize multiple objectives simultaneously in a given healthcare task.Deep neural network has been successfully used in healthcare,but it lacks interpretability.Medical data is highly sensitive,and privacy leaks are frequently reported in the healthcare industry.To solve these problems,in healthcare,we propose an interpretable neuroevolution framework based on federated learning to address search efficiency and privacy protection.Moreover,we also point out future research directions for evolutionary NAS.Overall,for researchers who want to use EAs to optimize NNs in healthcare,we analyze the advantages and disadvantages of doing so to provide detailed guidance,and propose an interpretable privacy-preserving framework for healthcare applications.