基于Cyber Kill Chain的铁路信息网络安全防御研究

为有效应对铁路企业面临的日益严峻的信息网络安全威胁,引入Cyber Kill Chain模型来识别和预防网络入侵活动,分析了该模型7个阶段相应的攻击行为特点,针对各阶段的预期目的,提出符合铁路行业特点的信息网络安全防御措施,以求在网络攻击较早阶段瓦解网络威胁,构建全方位、深层次的网络安全防御体系,保护铁路基础设施、应用系统、数据资源等免遭网络攻击破坏。

A Cyber Kill Chain Approach for Detecting Advanced Persistent Threats

The number of cybersecurity incidents is on the rise despite significant investment in security measures.The existing conventional security approaches have demonstrated limited success against some of the more complex cyber-attacks.This is primarily due to the sophistication of the attacks and the availability of powerful tools.Interconnected devices such as the Internet of Things(IoT)are also increasing attack exposures due to the increase in vulnerabilities.Over the last few years,we have seen a trend moving towards embracing edge technologies to harness the power of IoT devices and 5G networks.Edge technology brings processing power closer to the network and brings many advantages,including reduced latency,while it can also introduce vulnerabilities that could be exploited.Smart cities are also dependent on technologies where everything is interconnected.This interconnectivity makes them highly vulnerable to cyber-attacks,especially by the Advanced Persistent Threat(APT),as these vulnerabilities are amplified by the need to integrate new technologies with legacy systems.Cybercriminals behind APT attacks have recently been targeting the IoT ecosystems,prevalent in many of these cities.In this paper,we used a publicly available dataset on Advanced Persistent Threats(APT)and developed a data-driven approach for detecting APT stages using the Cyber Kill Chain.APTs are highly sophisticated and targeted forms of attacks that can evade intrusion detection systems,resulting in one of the greatest current challenges facing security professionals.In this experiment,we used multiple machine learning classifiers,such as Naïve Bayes,Bayes Net,KNN,Random Forest and Support Vector Machine(SVM).We used Weka performance metrics to show the numeric results.The best performance result of 91.1%was obtained with the Naïve Bayes classifier.We hope our proposed solution will help security professionals to deal with APTs in a timely and effective manner.

Pricing and decision of carbon emission reduction for closed-loop supply chain considering carbon trading mechanism

To determine the optimal pricing and carbon emission reduction decision, a closed-loop supply chain with a manufacturer and a retailer is investigated. In this system, the manufacturer manufactures new products and remanufactures used products while the retailer is responsible for selling new products and remanufactured products. The profit functions of the manufacturer and the retailer are developed, and the corresponding solution formulae for decision variables are given by the Stackelberg game model. Finally, a numerical example is given, and the optimal wholesale price, retail price, carbon emission reduction and others are obtained. Through the sensitivity of the unit carbon allowance price, some significant managerial insights are derived.

Closed-loop supply chain network equilibrium strategy model with environmental protection objectives

With the increasing popularity of ecological civilization and sustainable development,enterprises should consider environmental protection measures in their operations in addition to pursue their economic interests.This paper establsihes a closed-loop supply chain network model composed of multiple suppliers,manufacturers,retailers,recyclers,and demand markets—regarding their dual goals of the profit maximization and the minimization of carbon emissions.The conditions necessary for establishing overall equilibrium and an equilibrium model of the entire closed-loop supply chain network are determined by applying variational inequality and dual theory.A modified projection contraction algorithm is used to design a model-solving program.Finally,using numerical examples,the paper conducts a comparative static analysis on important parameters such as the weight coefficients of environmental protection objectives and consumers'awareness of low-carbon environmental protection and attains some beneficial enlightenment on management.The results indicate that when the environmental protection objectives of a certain type of enterprise increases,both the economic benefits and environmental protection performance will improve;when the environmental protection objectives of all enterprises increases simultaneously,environmental protection performance improves significantly,but the changes in economic benefits of different enterprises are inconsistent and profit coordination is more complex.Although consumers’awareness of low-carbon preference could improve environmental performance,it reduces the overall profits of network members and the entire closed-loop supply chain network as a whole.The above conclusions can be used as a reference for the government in designing low-carbon environmental protection policy and in closed-loop supply chain research.

Improving the Performance of Urban Waste Management Systems in the Context of a Closed-Loop Supply Chain

The saving of non-renewable energies, as well as the reduction of emissions into the environment, are two crucial objectives of industrial production. The recovery of post-consumer products associated with the use of end-of-life products is part of a context of optimization of these objectives. This recovery maximizes the use of resources from end-of-life products in a circular logic while recording the environmental footprint. This study considers a recycling strategy adapted to the need and urgency to reduce greenhouse gas emissions caused by global warming. The proposed model aims to optimize the profits of the circular manufacturing strategies while minimizing operational costs (collection, sorting, recycling), transport, GHG emissions and recycling. In this paper, a compromise between the gains of CM and the costs associated with it was studied. The robustness of the designed model was tested using a case study based on real-world scenarios. A sensitivity analysis was carried out to study the impact of the emission cost on the overall objective, considering the two options currently offered to industries. The obtained results support companies to take the ecological aspect into account and integrate sustainable development into their strategic axes for their logistics supply chains.

Dynamic Pricing Model for the Operation of Closed-Loop Supply Chain System

A class of closed-loop supply chain system consisting of one manufacturer and one supplier is designed, in which re-distribution, remanufacturing and reuse are considered synthetically. The manufacturer is in charge of recollecting and re-disposal the used products. Demands of ultimate products and collecting quantity of used products are described as the function of prices and reference prices. A non-linear dynamic pricing model for this closed-loop supply chain is established. A numerical example is designed, and the results of this example verified the model’s validity to price for the operation of closed-loop supply chain system.

SELECTIVE KILLING OF GASTRIC CANCER CELLS BY MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY CONJUGATED WITH A CHAIN OF RICIN

A specific cytotoxic agent against gastric cancer was constructed by covalently coupling the ricin A chain to monoclonal artibody, MGb2. MGb2 was modified by SPDP to introduce the 3-(2-pyridylthio) propionyl radical and then treated with a reduced A chain to give a disulfide linked conjugate that retained the original binding specificity of the antibody moiety. The conjugate obtained retained the activity of the antibody and the biological activity of the A chain well.

异构平台要素协同理论方法研究

要素协同是协同作战发展的必经之路,杀伤链的动态重构是其典型特征.本文针对平台协同难以满足复杂作战任务需求的问题,提出了异构平台要素协同的解决思路和理论方法.首先分析了要素协同关系复杂性、协同能力不确定性两个难点问题;其次基于反馈机制的可重构架构对复杂作战网络进行建模,提出了杀伤链算子的要素动态重构、协同序参量的效能定量评估方法;最后基于仿真场景实现杀伤链的动态构建与重构,可指导要素协同的算法设计与工程实践.

基于AGE-MOEA的杀伤链建模与优化方法

针对武器装备体系的杀伤链设计问题,提出一种基于自适应几何估计多目标进化算法(Adaptive Geometry Estimation based Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm,AGE-MOEA)的杀伤链建模与优化方法。围绕杀伤链闭合的设计思路,结合OODA循环理论,以传统火力分配模型为基础,综合考虑侦察、指控、打击3类武器装备,建立以打击效能最大、武器消耗最小和损毁威胁最小为目标函数,以装备使用约束、杀伤链关系约束和毁伤门限约束为约束条件的杀伤链设计多目标优化数学模型,实现对杀伤链设计问题数学表征;提出基于AGE-MOEA的杀伤链优化设计方法流程,用于求解杀伤链设计多目标优化数学模型。进行数值仿真实验和防空反导作战场景下的杀伤链设计实验。研究结果表明:杀伤链建模与优化方法能够保证所有目标杀伤链闭合的前提下,同时追求打击效能、武器消耗和损毁威胁最优,求解得到杀伤链方案,形成分布式杀伤力;验证了杀伤链设计多目标优化数学模型的科学性,AGE-MOEA求解杀伤链设计问题的有效性,以及杀伤链设计方法在实际军事作战问题的可行性。

天基引导对海打击杀伤链构建方法

针对远海作战条件下传统侦察手段保障对海精确打击受限的问题,提出一种基于天基侦察信息引导对海打击的杀伤链构建方法。明确天基引导对海打击杀伤链的基本定义,设计该杀伤链的一般作战流程;建立杀伤链模型,提出打击能力和闭合时间两类性能评估指标及其综合评估方法;设计了杀伤链的构建算法,可以遍历寻找打击每一个目标的所有杀伤链,并按照性能指标评估方法将杀伤链进行排序输出。在实验验证中,基于某作战想定生成了45种杀伤链结果,验证了该方法的合理性。

美国海军一体化防空火控系统发展研究

美国海军一体化防空火控系统(Naval Integrated Fire Control-Counter Air,NIFC-CA)是一种分布式、网络化的编队防空反导指挥控制系统,其目的是实现超视距远程拦截。随着美军“分布式杀伤”作战思想的不断深入,NIFC-CA能力建设也随之不断完善发展。本文首先对NIFC-CA系统的概念、背景及意义进行深入分析;在此基础上,研究美国海军NIFC-CA系统的作战运用样式;最后,从扩展性、全域性、感知性3个方面,对我军一体化防空提出一些发展建议,为我军海上一体化协同防空作战提供借鉴意义。

基于OODA环的杀伤网节点重要性评估

基于网络信息体系的联合作战中,破坏敌杀伤网、降效敌杀伤体系作战效能,要求能够识别敌杀伤网中关键节点。基于OODA环理论及杀伤链概念建模,利用节点删除法,通过网络作战能力及网络循环效率两项指标的下降程度评估杀伤网节点的重要性,克服传统评估方法在指标计算中存在冗余的问题,提高评估精度。采用该方法评估某作战演练中敌方杀伤网节点的重要性,精准识别指挥决策节点的枢纽作用,验证方法的有效性,并对杀伤网节点的重要性进行评估排序,为选择进攻要点提供依据。

“云杀伤链”构建方法

针对传统“杀伤链”要素单一、抗毁性弱等问题,基于作战资源“虚拟化、服务化、共享化”的核心思想,提出“云杀伤链”作战构想及其系统架构。阐述装备建模、资源服务化、云服务聚类及柔性组织等关键技术,初步构建“云杀伤链”作战系统的技术框架;“云杀伤链”作战系统能以自协调、自适应的方式完成临机任务规划及兵力重组,更适合快节奏、高强度对抗的战场环境。结果表明,该方法可为军队提升网络化联合作战能力和敏捷精确打击能力提供参考。

软件定义杀伤网构建思考

为了所谓的有效应对与均势对手的长期竞争和适应科学技术的快速发展,美国国防高级研究计划局(DARPA)于2017年提出了马赛克战的概念,其核心是打散各个域的杀伤链,将低成本和低复杂度的系统以多种方式拼接在一起,从而构建自适应跨域杀伤网。首先,跟踪了杀伤网概念的发展历程,分析了杀伤网及软件定义的概念内涵;然后,分析了外军杀伤网的建设情况以及软件定义的军事应用构想,剖析了杀伤网构建中存在的难点问题;最后,提出了以软件定义+人工智能(AI)为核心的策略。该策略涵盖了总体架构和关键技术等方面,可为后续研究提供参考。

非均匀Dzyaloshinskill-Moriya相互作用对量子Ising链热传导行为的影响

基于Lindblad量子主方程方法,主要研究了交错、无序以及准周期Dzyaloshinskill-Moriya(DM)相互作用对量子Ising自旋链热传导行为的影响.通过计算局域能量密度和局域能流,发现对于这三类DM相互作用,当系统尺寸固定时,增大DM相互作用强度,流经量子Ising链的能流都将增多,但是能流随系统尺寸增大的标度行为却截然不同.因此,可以通过调节DM相互作用的强度与形式来控制量子Ising链的热传导行为.

Beyond Defense: Proactive Approaches to Disaster Recovery and Threat Intelligence in Modern Enterprises

As cyber threats keep changing and business environments adapt, a comprehensive approach to disaster recovery involves more than just defensive measures. This research delves deep into the strategies required to respond to threats and anticipate and mitigate them proactively. Beginning with understanding the critical need for a layered defense and the intricacies of the attacker’s journey, the research offers insights into specialized defense techniques, emphasizing the importance of timely and strategic responses during incidents. Risk management is brought to the forefront, underscoring businesses’ need to adopt mature risk assessment practices and understand the potential risk impact areas. Additionally, the value of threat intelligence is explored, shedding light on the importance of active engagement within sharing communities and the vigilant observation of adversary motivations. “Beyond Defense: Proactive Approaches to Disaster Recovery and Threat Intelligence in Modern Enterprises” is a comprehensive guide for organizations aiming to fortify their cybersecurity posture, marrying best practices in proactive and reactive measures in the ever-challenging digital realm.

外军有/无人编组技术分析

有人/无人平台编队可以充分利用无人平台的低成本、可消耗优势,扩展有人平台的作战空间,提高有人平台态势感知、穿透杀伤和生存能力。针对美、英、法、澳、韩等国有/无人编组技术的发展动态进行了调研综述,举例说明了外军有/无人编组在海、陆、空等作战域中的典型应用,并分析了有/无人编组在传输组网、远程测控、自主决策和人机交互等方面的技术挑战和关键技术途径。最后对有/无人编组技术的发展趋势进行了展望,可为未来联合作战体系中的协同作战样式和相关领域的技术研究提供参考借鉴。

Literature Review on Network Design Problems in Closed Loop and Reverse Supply Chains

The productivity of an organization is very much affected by non-value adding activity like logistics, which moves the resources from suppliers to factory, raw materials/semi-finished items within the factory and finished goods from factory to customers via a designated distribution channel called as forward logistics. In some cases, parts of the products such as automobiles, computers, cameras, mobile phones, washing machines, refrigerators, garments, footwear and empty glass bottles of beverages, etc. will be brought back to the factories as a product recovery strategy through reverse logistics network which is integrated in a sustainable closed loop supply chain network. So, it is highly essential to optimize the movement of the items in the reverse logistics network. This paper gives a comprehensive review of literature of the design of networks for the reverse logistics as well as for the reverse logistics coupled with forward logistics. The contributions of the researchers are classified into nine categories based on the methods used to design the logistics network.

美国弹道导弹防御系统中的杀伤链与杀伤网解析

根据美国弹道导弹防御系统发展情况及杀伤链、杀伤网作战概念,结合美国陆基中段防御朝鲜来袭洲际弹道导弹典型用例,对美国弹道导弹防御杀伤链中信息链、时间链、能量链、识别链、精度链5条子链的内涵与闭合性进行了解析,并结合典型用例剖析了美国本土与海外战区弹道导弹防御杀伤网,分析了其综合防御能力。

美军杀伤网概念研究及对我防空作战装备体系的启示

DARPA寻求从杀伤链转向杀伤网,意图利用信息网络构建高度分散的杀伤网,形成难以预测的杀伤链。美空军在试验旗体系下开展“橙旗”“翠旗”和“黑旗”试验,探索杀伤网概念的落地应用。首先,围绕杀伤网作战概念,阐述杀伤网与杀伤链的内涵与差异;其次,理清DARPA“自适应跨域杀伤网”项目的发展背景,分析其基于电子商务“供应商—消费者”框架的架构设计,总结其“跨域杀伤网协商与实例化的实时推理分析”软件针对项目关键技术的演示验证情况;再次,从作战管理、体系架构、安全通信、基础设施、标准规范等方面提出构建杀伤网所需的关键技术;最后,瞄准构建未来防御作战弹性杀伤网,从技术角度给出建设我防空作战装备体系的建议。