Based on a theoretical model of Q-switched laser with the influences of the driving signal sent to the Pockels cell and the doping concentration of the gain medium taken into account,a method of achieving high energy ...Based on a theoretical model of Q-switched laser with the influences of the driving signal sent to the Pockels cell and the doping concentration of the gain medium taken into account,a method of achieving high energy sub-nanosecond Q-switched lasers is proposed and verified in experiment.When a Nd:YVO4 crystal with a doping concentration of 0.7 at.%is used as a gain medium and a driving signal with the optimal high-level voltage is applied to the Pockels cell,a stable single-transverse-mode electro-optical Q-switched laser with a pulse width of 0.77 ns and a pulse energy of 1.04 mJ operating at the pulse repetition frequency of 1 kHz is achieved.The precise tuning of the pulse width is also demonstrated.展开更多
High-frequency supercapacitors are being studied with the aim to replace the bulky electrolytic capacitors for current ripple filtering and other functions used in power systems. Here, 3 D edge-oriented graphene(EOG)w...High-frequency supercapacitors are being studied with the aim to replace the bulky electrolytic capacitors for current ripple filtering and other functions used in power systems. Here, 3 D edge-oriented graphene(EOG)was grown encircling carbon nanofiber(CNF) framework to form a highly conductive electrode with a large surface area. Such EOG/CNF electrodes were tested in aqueous and organic electrolytes for high-frequency supercapacitor development. For the aqueous and the organic cell, the characteristic frequency at-45° phase angle was found to be as high as 22 and 8.5 k Hz, respectively. At 120 Hz, the electrode capacitance density was 0.37 and 0.16 m F cm^(-2) for the two cells. In particular, the 3 V high-frequency organic cell was successfully tested as filtering capacitor used in AC/DC converter, suggesting the promisingpotential of this technology for compact power supply design and other applications.展开更多
A green process for the oxygen-free conversion of methane to high-concentration ethylene and hydrogen in a plasma-followed-by-catalyst (PFC) reactor is presented. Without any catalysts and with pure methane used as ...A green process for the oxygen-free conversion of methane to high-concentration ethylene and hydrogen in a plasma-followed-by-catalyst (PFC) reactor is presented. Without any catalysts and with pure methane used as the feed gas, a stable kilohertz spark discharge leads to an acetylene yield of 64.1%, ethylene yield of 2.5% and hydrogen yield of 59.0% with 80.0% of methane conversion at a methane flow rate of 50 cm^3/min and a specific input energy of 38.4 kJ/L. In the effluent gas from a stable kilohertz spark discharge reactor, the concentrations of acetylene, ethylene and hydrogen were 18.1%, 0.7% and 66.9%, respectively. When catalysts Pd-Ag/SiO2 were employed in the second stage with discharge conditions same as in the case of plasma alone, the PFC reactor provides an ethylene yield of 52.1% and hydrogen yield of 43.4%. The concentrations of ethylene and hydrogen in the effluent gas from the PFC reactor were found to be as high as 17.1% and 62.6%, respectively. Moreover, no acetylene was detected in the effluent gas. This means that a high concentration of ethylene and oxygen-free hydrogen can be co-produced directly from methane in the PFC reactor.展开更多
感觉、运动或自主神经系统的异常病理活动与疼痛和痉挛等多种神经机能障碍有关。千频交流电(kilohertz frequency alternating current,KHFAC)刺激是一种阻断异常病理活动在外周神经内传导的有效方法,它在缓解相关神经机能障碍方面具有...感觉、运动或自主神经系统的异常病理活动与疼痛和痉挛等多种神经机能障碍有关。千频交流电(kilohertz frequency alternating current,KHFAC)刺激是一种阻断异常病理活动在外周神经内传导的有效方法,它在缓解相关神经机能障碍方面具有临床应用潜力。KHFAC产生的神经传导阻断受千频信号波形和参数、阻断电极设置和位置以及神经纤维类型和直径等因素影响,具有快速性、可控性、可逆性、局部作用和副作用小的特点。但是,在产生完全传导阻断前,KHFAC首先在靶向神经上激活一簇高频初始放电,这种初始响应可能导致肌肉抽搐或疼痛感。同时,在撤去KHFAC后处于阻断状态的靶向神经需要经历一段时间才能恢复正常传导能力,这是该技术导致的后续效应。目前,关于KHFAC阻断神经传导的生物物理机制假说包括千频信号诱发K+通道激活和Na+通道失活。本文首先介绍了KHFAC技术的电生理实验研究方法和计算模型仿真方法,然后综述目前关于KHFAC作用下神经传导阻断的研究进展,重点论述初始响应特性及消除方法、传导阻断的后续效应、刺激波形和参数的影响、电极设置与位置的影响以及该技术潜在的临床应用,同时归纳KHFAC阻断神经传导的生物物理机制,最后对该技术未来的相关研究进行展望。展开更多
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2017YFB0405203)the Shanxi“1331 Project”Key Subjects Construction,China(Grant No.1331KSC).
文摘Based on a theoretical model of Q-switched laser with the influences of the driving signal sent to the Pockels cell and the doping concentration of the gain medium taken into account,a method of achieving high energy sub-nanosecond Q-switched lasers is proposed and verified in experiment.When a Nd:YVO4 crystal with a doping concentration of 0.7 at.%is used as a gain medium and a driving signal with the optimal high-level voltage is applied to the Pockels cell,a stable single-transverse-mode electro-optical Q-switched laser with a pulse width of 0.77 ns and a pulse energy of 1.04 mJ operating at the pulse repetition frequency of 1 kHz is achieved.The precise tuning of the pulse width is also demonstrated.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation(1611060)
文摘High-frequency supercapacitors are being studied with the aim to replace the bulky electrolytic capacitors for current ripple filtering and other functions used in power systems. Here, 3 D edge-oriented graphene(EOG)was grown encircling carbon nanofiber(CNF) framework to form a highly conductive electrode with a large surface area. Such EOG/CNF electrodes were tested in aqueous and organic electrolytes for high-frequency supercapacitor development. For the aqueous and the organic cell, the characteristic frequency at-45° phase angle was found to be as high as 22 and 8.5 k Hz, respectively. At 120 Hz, the electrode capacitance density was 0.37 and 0.16 m F cm^(-2) for the two cells. In particular, the 3 V high-frequency organic cell was successfully tested as filtering capacitor used in AC/DC converter, suggesting the promisingpotential of this technology for compact power supply design and other applications.
文摘A green process for the oxygen-free conversion of methane to high-concentration ethylene and hydrogen in a plasma-followed-by-catalyst (PFC) reactor is presented. Without any catalysts and with pure methane used as the feed gas, a stable kilohertz spark discharge leads to an acetylene yield of 64.1%, ethylene yield of 2.5% and hydrogen yield of 59.0% with 80.0% of methane conversion at a methane flow rate of 50 cm^3/min and a specific input energy of 38.4 kJ/L. In the effluent gas from a stable kilohertz spark discharge reactor, the concentrations of acetylene, ethylene and hydrogen were 18.1%, 0.7% and 66.9%, respectively. When catalysts Pd-Ag/SiO2 were employed in the second stage with discharge conditions same as in the case of plasma alone, the PFC reactor provides an ethylene yield of 52.1% and hydrogen yield of 43.4%. The concentrations of ethylene and hydrogen in the effluent gas from the PFC reactor were found to be as high as 17.1% and 62.6%, respectively. Moreover, no acetylene was detected in the effluent gas. This means that a high concentration of ethylene and oxygen-free hydrogen can be co-produced directly from methane in the PFC reactor.
文摘感觉、运动或自主神经系统的异常病理活动与疼痛和痉挛等多种神经机能障碍有关。千频交流电(kilohertz frequency alternating current,KHFAC)刺激是一种阻断异常病理活动在外周神经内传导的有效方法,它在缓解相关神经机能障碍方面具有临床应用潜力。KHFAC产生的神经传导阻断受千频信号波形和参数、阻断电极设置和位置以及神经纤维类型和直径等因素影响,具有快速性、可控性、可逆性、局部作用和副作用小的特点。但是,在产生完全传导阻断前,KHFAC首先在靶向神经上激活一簇高频初始放电,这种初始响应可能导致肌肉抽搐或疼痛感。同时,在撤去KHFAC后处于阻断状态的靶向神经需要经历一段时间才能恢复正常传导能力,这是该技术导致的后续效应。目前,关于KHFAC阻断神经传导的生物物理机制假说包括千频信号诱发K+通道激活和Na+通道失活。本文首先介绍了KHFAC技术的电生理实验研究方法和计算模型仿真方法,然后综述目前关于KHFAC作用下神经传导阻断的研究进展,重点论述初始响应特性及消除方法、传导阻断的后续效应、刺激波形和参数的影响、电极设置与位置的影响以及该技术潜在的临床应用,同时归纳KHFAC阻断神经传导的生物物理机制,最后对该技术未来的相关研究进行展望。