Commentary on“The deterministic condition for the ground reaction force acting point on the combined knee valgus and tibial internal rotation moments in the early phase of cutting maneuvers in female athletes”

1.Introduction For decades,substantial disagreement has persisted as to whether dynamic knee valgus is the cause of the majority of anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)injuries or rather the result of the ACL rupture.1 Consequently,great effort and expense has gone into capturing 3-dimensional kinetics and kinematics from live athletes to drive in vitro and in silico models of ACL injury in order to elucidate the actual mechanism of injury,as these factors have been demonstrated to be surrogates of intraarticular structural loading on the ACL.2,3 The elucidation of injury mechanisms for non-contact ACL injuries is of great medical value as such knowledge consequently permits quantified examination and validation of interventions and their respective effectiveness in both prevention and rehabilitation of these traumatic knee injuries.

Effects of acupuncture on serotonin,histamine,substance P,and tryptase levels at sensitized points in model rats with knee osteoarthritis

Objective:To elucidate the differences in manual acupuncture effectiveness at sensitized points by investigating the mechanisms of local skin action at different sensitization points in rats with knee osteoarthritis(KOA).Methods:Forty SpragueeDawley rats were equally divided into control,model(1 mg of mono-iodoacetate into the right knee joint cavity),sham operation,manual acupuncture at right Tianjing acupoint(MAR-SJ 10),and left SJ 10 groups.Safranine-O and fast green staining were used to assess the modeling.The morphological and functional changes in mast cells(MCs)were assessed during acupoint sensitization using toluidine blue and immunofluorescence staining.The levels of serotonin,histamine,substance P(SP),and tryptase at skin acupoints and serum levels of IL-β,IL-6,and TNF-αwere detected using ELISA.Results:After 14 days of treatment,the number of MCs and their degranulation rates were statistically higher in the model group than in the control group(both P<0.001).After applying acupuncture,the levels of 5-HT,HA,and SP at skin acupoints were lower than those in the model group(all P<0.05),and tryptase level was higher(both P<0.05).Tryptase level was higher on the skin at the MAL-SJ 10 acupoint than that on the MAR-SJ 10 acupoint(P=0.004).Compared with the model group,the serum levels of IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-αin the MAR-SJ 10 and MAL-SJ 10 groups were lower(all P<0.05).Conclusion:Acupuncture at KOA-sensitized acupoints mitigates joint injury in KOA rats and may bidi-rectionally regulate local MCs of these acupoints.This finding not only enhances the reference value of sensitizing points in clinical diagnosis and treatment,but also contributes to the understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying acupuncture intervention at sensitizing points.

Optimizing bone marrow harvesting sites for enhanced mesenchymal stem cell yield and efficacy in knee osteoarthritis treatment

Knee osteoarthritis(OA)is a debilitating condition with limited long-term treatment options.The therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs),particularly those derived from bone marrow aspirate concentrate,has garnered attention for cartilage repair in OA.While the iliac crest is the traditional site for bone marrow harvesting(BMH),associated morbidity has prompted the exploration of alternative sites such as the proximal tibia,distal femur,and proximal humerus.This paper reviews the impact of different harvesting sites on mesenchymal stem cell(MSC)yield,viability,and regenerative potential,emphasizing their relevance in knee OA treatment.The iliac crest consistently offers the highest MSC yield,but alternative sites within the surgical field of knee procedures offer comparable MSC characteristics with reduced morbidity.The integration of harvesting techniques into existing knee surgeries,such as total knee arthroplasty,provides a less invasive approach while maintaining thera-peutic efficacy.However,variability in MSC yield from these alternative sites underscores the need for further research to standardize techniques and optimize clinical outcomes.Future directions include large-scale comparative studies,advanced characterization of MSCs,and the development of personalized harvesting strategies.Ultimately,the findings suggest that optimizing the site of BMH can significantly influence the quality of MSC-based therapies for knee OA,enhancing their clinical utility and patient outcomes.

全膝关节置换中BrainlabKnee3导航辅助间隙平衡技术的应用优势

背景:近年来,计算机导航技术辅助关节置换逐渐受到医疗领域的关注。文献报道计算机导航在全膝关节置换中的应用临床效果不一。为了探索新一代Brainlab Knee 3导航系统的临床效果,进行了此项研究。目的:分析计算机导航系统(Brainlab Knee 3)结合间隙平衡技术在全膝关节置换中的应用效果。方法:2020年11月至2021年5月大连市第二人民医院关节外科收治71例行全膝关节置换患者,导航组35例,术中采用计算机导航结合间隙平衡技术行全膝关节置换;传统组36例,术中采用传统手术器械定位截骨。比较两组患者术中内、外侧关节间隙差;膝关节活动度、KSS评分;髋膝踝角;冠状面股骨组件角、冠状面胫骨组件角和矢状面胫骨组件角偏差值。结果与结论:①导航组伸直位内外侧间隙差0,1,2 mm的患者分别为19,14,2例;屈膝90°位内外侧间隙差0,1,2 mm的患者分别为18,15,2例。传统组伸直位内外侧间隙差0,1,2 mm的患者分别为10,20,6例;屈膝90°位内外侧间隙差0,1,2 mm的患者分别为10,15,8例。②导航组手术时间长于传统组(P<0.05),导航组有2例患者术后形成下肢肌间静脉血栓,传统组患者均无并发症。③置换后6,12个月两组患者膝关节活动度均明显增加,导航组膝关节活动度高于传统组(P<0.05)。④置换后12个月两组患者KSS评分均明显增加,导航组KSS评分高于传统组(P<0.05)。⑤置换后6个月髋膝踝角、冠状面股骨组件角、冠状面胫骨组件角、矢状面胫骨组件角偏差值均显著小于传统组(P<0.05)。⑥结果表明,采用计算机导航结合间隙平衡技术辅助全膝关节置换对关节活动度、下肢力线、胫骨假体组件位置的准确性方面具有优势,置换后关节功能恢复良好。

基于knee points的改进多目标人工蜂群算法

传统的人工蜂群算法(Artificial Bee Colony algorithm,ABC)及其在多目标上的扩展(Multi Objective Artificial Bee Colony algorithm,MOABC)存在着在高维、多峰函数情况下收敛速度变慢、后期容易陷入局部最优以及寻优精度丢失等问题。基于knee points提高收敛性和分布性的特点,设计了一种快速识别knee point的算法并将其应用到多目标人工蜂群算法中,提出了一种基于knee points的改进多目标人工蜂群算法(Kn MOABC)。算法在迭代过程中考虑pareto支配关系的同时,优先选择knee point作为下一代个体,极大地增强了算法的收敛速度,同时,在knee point识别算法中加入自适应的策略以保持良好的分布性。实验结果表明,Kn MOABC的性能优于三个最新的多目标人工蜂群对比算法。

基于轻量化PointNet网络的林果园喷雾作业靶标实时识别方法

为了进一步提高喷雾机器人靶标检测的精准性、实时性和应用部署的实用性,该研究提出一种基于轻量化PointNet网络的林果园喷雾作业靶标实时识别方法。首先通过区域提取降采样、地面分割和改进DBSCAN聚类等点云预处理方法提取原始点云中的靶标;然后通过移动最小二乘上采样将靶标点云转化为满足点云识别网络输入要求的点云数据;最终通过在PointNet网络中引入残差模块和改进循环剪枝算法轻量化PointNet网络,完成林果树靶标的实时识别。试验结果表明,在ModelNet40数据集上,轻量化PointNet网络可达89.7%的准确率;在实际苗圃环境的试验中,该研究方法对靶标的识别准确率可达92.49%,同时误识率与拒识率分别为13.4%和6.47%,相较PointNet网络识别准确率提升了4.38个百分点,误识率和拒识率分别降低了7.2和4.07个百分点;轻量化PointNet网络识别准确率仅比PointNet++网络低1.14个百分点,误识率和拒识率分别高了0.9和1.12个百分点。但是轻量化PointNet网络的模型参数量较PointNet网络和PointNet++网络的模型参数量显著减少,仅为PointNet网络的11.5%,PointNet++网络的27.02%;运算量相较PointNet网络、PointNet++网络分别减少13.3和76.79个百分点。该研究提出的轻量化PointNet网络具有较高的实时性、精确性和鲁棒性,能够满足林果园喷雾作业的靶标识别需求,可为林果园喷雾作业靶标实时识别提供参考。

Unicompartmental knee prosthetization: Which key-points to consider?

Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty(UKA) has evolved into a suitable option for diseased knees that cannot be managed with arthroscopic treatment and at the same time are not good candidates for total knee replacement. Since meticulous execution of the surgical technique is essential to optimizing UKA outcome, some procedural key-points are mandatory. Templates(phantoms) are then used to size the required prosthetic component(using these radiographs. Arthritic varus(or valgus) knees with an asymptomatic patellofemoral joint are typically ideal for UKA. Metal-backed tibial components should be favourite instead of allpolyethylene tibial components to avoid polyethylene creep that may occur in fixed bearings. Moreover, a proper thickness of the polyethylene layer is mandatory, in order to avoid early failure.

基于K F-PointNet++的油菜植株点云分割算法

针对传统的点云分割算法精度低、鲁棒性差的问题,提出了基于K近邻算法和特征融合的深度点云网络(point clouds network++based on K-nearest neighbor algorithm and feature fusion,K F-PointNet++)三维点云分割算法。该算法首先采用了K近邻(K-nearest neighbors,K NN)算法对点云进行分组;其次,将点云网络(point clouds network,PointNet)中的局部特征与中心点全局特征进行拼接,增强算法对几何细节和全局上下文信息的捕捉能力,从而提高算法的分割精度和鲁棒性,实现了对油菜点云器官的精准分割。使用自制的油菜点云数据集进行实验,结果表明,K F-PointNet++算法在油菜点云分割中的总体精度(overall accuracy,OA)可达97.1%,平均交并比(mean intersection over union,mIoU)为86.4%。该算法在分割性能方面明显优于PointNet、深度点云网络(PointNet++)和核点卷积(kernal point convolution,KPConv),可以为油菜表型研究提供可靠基础。

基于PointNet++的邻域特征增强点云语义分割方法

随着智能驾驶、机器人导航等以点云为基础的应用蓬勃发展,点云语义分割逐渐成为研究热点。然而,现有的点云语义分割方法存在局部特征提取不充分、特征融合不完整的缺陷。针对这些不足,提出了对应的解决方案。对于局部特征提取不充分的现象,通过嵌入邻域点的坐标、方向、距离等相关信息去关联邻域点的显式特征。对于特征融合不完整的现象,提出了一种最大池化与自注意力池化相结合的混合池化方法。网络架构基于PointNet++,并结合提出的局部特征提取和融合方法,在S3DIS数据集上的实验结果表明,与基线方法PointNet++相比,各评价指标都有不同程度的提高,证实了新方法的有效性和优越性。

Analysis of the causes of primary revision after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty: A case series

BACKGROUND Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty(UKA)has great advantages in the treatment of unicompartmental knee osteoarthritis,but its revision rate is higher than that of total knee arthroplasty.AIM To summarize and analyse the causes of revision after UKA.METHODS This is a retrospective case series study in which the reasons for the first revision after UKA are summarized.We analysed the clinical symptoms,medical histories,laboratory test results,imaging examination results and treatment processes of the patients who underwent revision and summarized the reasons for primary revision after UKA.RESULTS A total of 13 patients,including 3 males and 10 females,underwent revision surgery after UKA.The average age of the included patients was 67.62 years.The prosthesis was used for 3 d to 72 months.The main reasons for revision after UKA were improper suturing of the surgical opening(1 patient),osteophytes(2 patients),intra-articular loose bodies(2 patients),tibial prosthesis loosening(2 patients),rheumatoid arthritis(1 patient),gasket dislocation(3 patients),anterior cruciate ligament injury(1 patient),and medial collateral ligament injury with residual bone cement(1 patient).CONCLUSION The causes of primary revision after UKA were gasket dislocation,osteophytes,intra-articular loose bodies and tibial prosthesis loosening.Avoidance of these factors may greatly reduce the rate of revision after UKA,improve patient satisfaction and reduce medical burden.

Meta-analysis of factors influencing anterior knee pain after total knee arthroplasty

BACKGROUND Total knee arthroplasty(TKA)is a mature procedure recommended for correcting knee osteoarthritis deformity,relieving pain,and restoring normal biomechanics.Although TKA is a successful and cost-effective procedure,patient dissatisfaction is as high as 50%.Knee pain after TKA is a significant cause of patient dissatisfaction;the most common location for residual pain is the anterior region.Between 4%and 40%of patients have anterior knee pain(AKP).AIM To investigate the effect of various TKA procedures on postoperative AKP.METHODS We searched PubMed,EMBASE,and Cochrane from January 2000 to September 2022.Randomized controlled trials with one intervention in the experimental group and no corresponding intervention(or other interventions)in the control group were collected.Two researchers independently read the title and abstract of the studies,preliminarily screened the articles,and read the full text in detail according to the selection criteria.Conflicts were resolved by consultation with a third researcher.And relevant data from the included studies were extracted and analyzed using Review Manager 5.4 software.RESULTS There were 25 randomized controlled trials;13 were comparative studies with or without patellar resurfacing.The meta-analysis showed no significant difference between the experimental and control groups(P=0.61).Six studies were comparative studies of circumpatellar denervation vs non-denervation,divided into three subgroups for meta-analysis.The two-subgroup meta-analysis showed no significant difference between the experimental and the control groups(P=0.31,P=0.50).One subgroup meta-analysis showed a significant difference between the experimental and control groups(P=0.001).Two studies compared fixed-bearing TKA and mobile-bearing TKA;the results meta-analysis showed no significant difference between the experimental and control groups(P=0.630).Two studies compared lateral retinacular release vs non-release;the meta-analysis showed a significant difference between the experimental and control groups(P=0.002);two other studies compared other factors.CONCLUSION Patellar resurfacing,mobile-bearing TKA,and fixed-bearing TKA do not reduce the incidence of AKP.Lateral retinacular release can reduce AKP;however,whether circumpatellar denervation can reduce AKP is controversial.

There is more to the knee joint than just the quadriceps:A systematic review with meta-analysis and evidence gap map of hamstring strength,flexibility,and morphology in individuals with gradual-onset knee disorders

Background:Impairments in hamstring strength,flexibility,and morphology have been associated with altered knee biomechanics,pain,and function.Determining the presence of these impairments in individuals with gradual-onset knee disorders is important and may indicate targets for assessment and rehabilitation.This systematic review aimed to synthesize the literature to determine the presence of impairments in hamstring strength,flexibility,and morphology in individuals with gradual-onset knee disorders.Methods:Five databases(MEDLINE,Embase,CINAHL,SPORTDiscus,and Web of Science)were searched from inception to September 2022.Only studies comparing hamstring outcomes(e.g.,strength,flexibility,and/or morphology)between individuals with gradual-onset knee disorders and their unaffected limbs or pain-free controls were included.Meta-analyses for each knee disorder were performed.Outcome-level certainty was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment,Development,and Evaluation,and evidence gap maps were created.Results:Seventy-nine studies across 4 different gradual-onset knee disorders(i.e.,knee osteoarthritis(OA),patellofemoral pain(PFP),chondromalacia patellae,and patellar tendinopathy)were included.Individuals with knee OA presented with reduced hamstring strength compared to pain-free controls during isometric(standard mean difference(SMD)=-0.76,95%confidence interval(95%CI):-1.32 to-0.21)and concentric contractions(SMD=-0.97,95%CI:-1.49 to-0.45).Individuals with PFP presented with reduced hamstring strength compared to painfree controls during isometric(SMD=-0.48,95%CI:-0.82 to-0.14),concentric(SMD=-1.07,95%CI:-2.08 to-0.06),and eccentric contractions(SMD=-0.59,95%CI:-0.97 to-0.21).No differences were observed in individuals with patellar tendinopathy.Individuals with PFP presented with reduced hamstring flexibility when compared to pain-free controls(SMD=-0.76,95%CI:-1.15 to-0.36).Evidence gap maps identified insufficient evidence for chondromalacia patellae and hamstring morphology across all gradual-onset knee disorders.Conclusion:Our findings suggest that assessing and targeting impairments in hamstring strength and flexibility during rehabilitation may be recommended for individuals with knee OA or PFP.

Comparison of a simplified skin pointer device compared with a skeletal marker for knee rotation laxity: A cadaveric study using a rotation-meter

AIM To compare the measurements of knee rotation laxity by non-invasive skin pointer with a knee rotation jig in cadaveric knees against a skeletally mounted marker. METHODS Six pairs of cadaveric legs were mounted on a knee rotation jig. One Kirscher wire was driven into the tibial tubercle as a bone marker and a skin pointer was attached. Rotational forces of 3, 6 and 9 nm applied at 0°, 30°, 45°, 60° and 90° of knee flexion were analysed using the Pearson correlation coefficient and paired t-test. RESULTS Total rotation recorded with the skin pointer significantly correlated with the bone marker at 3 nm at 0°(skin pointer 23.9 ± 26.0° vs bone marker 16.3 ± 17.3°, r = 0.92; P = 0.0), 30°(41.7 ± 15.5° vs 33.1 ± 14.7°, r = 0.63; P = 0.037), 45°(49.0 ± 17.0° vs 40.3 ± 11.2°, r = 0.81; P = 0.002), 60°(45.7 ± 17.5° vs 34.7 ± 9.5°, r = 0.86; P = 0.001) and 90°(29.2 ± 10.9° vs 21.2 ± 6.8°, r = 0.69; P = 0.019) of knee flexion and 6 nm at 0°(51.1 ± 37.7° vs 38.6 ± 30.1°, r = 0.90; P = 0.0), 30°(64.6 ± 21.6° vs 54.3 ± 15.1°, r = 0.73; P = 0.011), 45°(67.7 ± 20.6° vs 55.5 ± 9.5°, r = 0.65; P = 0.029), 60°(62.9 ± 22.4° vs 45.8 ± 13.1°,r = 0.65; P = 0.031) and 90°(43.6 ± 17.6° vs 31.0 ± 6.3°, r = 0.62; P = 0.043) of knee flexion and at 9 nm at 0°(69.7 ± 40.0° vs 55.6 ± 30.6°, r = 0.86; P = 0.001) and 60°(74.5 ± 27.6° vs 57.1 ± 11.5°, r = 0.77; P = 0.006). No statistically significant correlation with 9 nm at 30°(79.2 ± 25.1° vs 66.9 ± 15.4°, r = 0.59; P = 0.055), 45°(80.7 ± 24.7° vs 65.5 ± 11.2°, r = 0.51; P = 0.11) and 90°(54.7 ± 21.1° vs 39.4 ± 8.2°, r = 0.55; P = 0.079). We recognize that 9 nm of torque may be not tolerated in vivo due to pain. Knee rotation was at its maximum at 45° of knee flexion and increased with increasing torque.CONCLUSION The skin pointer and knee rotation jig can be a reliable and simple means of quantifying knee rotational laxity with future clinical application.

Comparison of clinical efficacy of neddle knife at acupoints selected from recent regions along meridians and according to anatomical structures in treating early and middle stage knee osteoarthritis

Objective:To stimulate tenderness points around knee joint in two metholds-corresponding acupoints selected from recent regions along meridians and anatomical structures,to compare the clinical efficacy of neddle knife of to cure early and middle stage knee osteoarthritis.Method:70 patients were randomly(Random Number Tables)divided into test group(acupoints selected from recent regions along meridians,n=35)and control group(anatomical structures,n=35),who were diagnosed as knee osteoarthritis.Observe the VAS(visual analogue scale),Lysholm,WOMAC(the Western Ontario and McMaster Unive rsities Osteoarthritis Index)and ROM(rang of motion)between two groups in first week,first month,third month after treatment.Recording the degree of improvement of knee joint’s pain,dysfunction and symptoms of osteoarthritis and rang of motion.Results:Within groups,the VAS,Lysholm,WOMAC and ROM were obviously different from pre-therapy scores in the third,sixth and twelfth week post-therapy(P<0.05).Between groups no significant difference were observed in the third week post-therapy about VAS,Lysholm,WOMAC scores(P>0.05).However,there were differences in the sixth,twelfth weeks post-therapy(P<0.05);compared with control group,the ROM of test group were difference in the third,sixth,twelfth weeks post-therapy(P<0.05).Conclusion:The clinical efficacy of stimulating corresponding acupoints tenderness points selected from recent regions along meridians to treat early and middle stage knee osteoarthritis was superior to anatomical structures,which can effectively relieve pain,dysfunction,symptoms of osteoarthritis of knee joint and rang of motion.

基于Point Transformer v2的点云枝叶分离方法研究

准确高效的点云枝叶分离对精确计算森林树木的垂直参数至关重要。然而,当前的研究方法计算成本高,且依赖先验知识导致泛化能力不足。针对以上问题,文章提出利用基于点特征的Transformer网络进行自动化的森林场景三维点云的枝叶分离研究。该方法使用Point Transformer v2网络,首先利用网格编码模块提取可学习的局部结构关系,保留点云的几何拓扑结构;其次使用分组注意力实现多通道联合学习,降低特征的冗余度,提高计算的效率;最后构建了基于点的Transformer网络实现高精度森林树木三维点云语义分割,降低了对于先验知识的需求。使用地基激光扫描仪获取的加拿大和芬兰7个不同树种样地的三维点云数据,进行枝叶分离实验和精度评价。实验结果表明,网络整体精度(OA)为94.42%,mIoU为78.89%,能够适应不同树种、不同点云密度的森林场景的枝叶分离。

Rehabilitation care for pain in elderly knee replacement patients

BACKGROUND Total knee arthroplasty(TKA)is recognized as the most effective surgical intervention for relieving pain and improving joint mobility and deformity in patients with knee osteoarthritis and other synovial diseases.The application of accelerated postoperative rehabilitation(enhanced recovery after surgery)has demonstrated its efficacy in improving patient outcomes,and early postoperative joint function exercise has become a key prognostic factor in knee replacement.The unexpected appearance of limb pain and swelling hindered the patient’s tendency for early mobilization,leading in prolonged hospitalization,delayed functional recovery and negative psychological responses.A retrospective analysis was conducted on a cohort of 116 patients who under-went TKA at our hospital between July 2019 and July 2021.The patients were divided into two groups:A control group(n=58)receiving programmatic nur-sing,and an observed group(n=58)receiving programmed nursing combined with a collaborative nursing model.A pain management team consisting of attending physicians,head nurses,and responsible nurses was established.Outcome measures included visual analogue scale(VAS)scores,activities of daily living(ADL)scale scores,and functional scores.The ADL scores of patients in both groups exhibited a continuous increase.However,there was no statistically significant difference in the ADL scores between the two groups at 48 h and the 7th d post-surgery(P>0.05).Upon reexamination at the 3rd mo,the observation group demonstrated higher ADL scores compared to the control group(67.48±14.69 vs 59.40±16.06,P<0.05).The VAS scores of both groups significantly decreased,with no significant difference observed between the groups at each time point(P>0.05).The functional status of patients in both groups exhibited a gradual increase prior to intervention and at the 1st,2nd,and 3rd month following discharge(P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in knee joint function scores between the two groups at the 1st month after discharge(47.52 vs 45.81,P>0.05).However,the knee joint function scores of patients in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group at the 2nd(59.38 vs 53.19,P<0.05)and 3rd month(71.92 vs 64.34,P<0.05)following discharge.CONCLUSION The utilization of programmed pain nursing in conjunction with collaborative nursing for out-of-hospital care of TKA patients has demonstrated favorable outcomes,encompassing pain reduction,enhanced prognosis,and improved nursing quality for patients.

基于改进PointNet++的船体分段合拢面构件智能识别算法研究

[目的]三维扫描仪获得的船体分段合拢面点云数据,具有精度高、数据量大的优势,能够很好地反映分段合拢面的建造状况。由于现有的PointNet++网络无法处理大容量点云数据,因此提出一种基于改进PointNet++的船体分段合拢面构件智能识别算法,实现针对大容量船体分段合拢面点云数据构件的智能识别。[方法]基于超体素生长理论对船体分段合拢面点云数据进行分割及简化,构建船体分段合拢面点云数据集,并使用该数据集训练基于深度学习理论改进的PointNet++网络。[结果]网络模型在船体分段合拢面点云数据训练集和测试集上的收敛结果趋于稳定,在测试集上识别准确率达到90.012%。[结论]该方法具有良好的识别能力,能够完成船体分段合拢面构件的智能识别。

Knee osteoarthritis:A review of animal models and intervention of traditional Chinese medicine

Background:Knee osteoarthritis(KOA)characterized by degeneration of knee cartilage and subsequent bone hyperplasia is a prevalent joint condition primarily affecting aging adults.The pathophysiology of KOA remains poorly understood,as it involves complex mechanisms that result in the same outcome.Consequently,researchers are interested in studying KOA and require appropriate animal models for basic research.Chinese herbal compounds,which consist of multiple herbs with diverse pharmacological properties,possess characteristics such as multicomponent,multipathway,and multitarget effects.The potential benefits in the treatment of KOA continue to attract attention.Purpose:This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the advantages,limitations,and specific considerations in selecting different species and methods for KOA animal models.This will help researchers make informed decisions when choosing an animal model.Methods:Online academic databases(e.g.,PubMed,Google Scholar,Web of Science,and CNKI)were searched using the search terms“knee osteoarthritis,”“animal models,”“traditional Chinese medicine,”and their combinations,primarily including KOA studies published from 2010 to 2023.Results:Based on literature retrieval,this review provides a comprehensive overview of the methods of establishing KOA animal models;introduces the current status of advantages and disadvantages of various animal models,including mice,rats,rabbits,dogs,and sheep/goats;and presents the current status of methods used to establish KOA animal models.Conclusion:This study provides a review of the animal models used in recent KOA research,discusses the common modeling methods,and emphasizes the role of traditional Chinese medicine compounds in the treatment of KOA.

基于PointNet++进行附属设施语义分割的隧道收敛变形分析

随着城市轨道交通日趋广泛,隧道结构变形引起的地铁安全事故凸显,亟需对运营期隧道进行变形检测。隧道衬砌作为隧道变形分析的研究对象,衬砌内表面存在的大量附属设施影响隧道收敛变形分析精度。为了提高变形分析精度,解决点云处理环节中存在的自动化程度低的问题,提出基于PointNet++点云语义分割的隧道收敛变形分析方法。首先利用深度学习方法进行点云语义分割,对隧道衬砌附属设施进行自动滤除。然后对隧道衬砌进行断面提取,利用随机抽样一致性算法(Random Sample Consensus,RANSAC)对隧道断面点云进行采样,分析隧道收敛变形程度,从Z+F PROFILER 9012A激光断面扫描仪获取山东省济南市地铁盾构隧道点云实测数据上并进行应用。研究结果表明:所提出的处理方法可以有效地将大规模隧道衬砌与连接紧密的附属设施分离出来,隧道附属设施总体分类精度达到96%,滤波结果较好地保留了隧道衬砌原始形态特征。在对隧道整体和局部收敛变形分析的重复性验证中,测试区间内隧道整体变形精度往返测长半轴平均偏差为1.04 mm,短半轴平均偏差为0.9 mm,测试区间内隧道局部收敛变形往返测标准差最小为0.773 mm,最大为0.938 mm,可以满足隧道收敛变形分析的精度需求。研究结果可以有效提升处理大规模隧道数据的自动化程度,具有良好的有效性与可靠性,对运营期地铁隧道收敛变形检测或监测有较好的实践应用意义。

NEEDLING THREE POINTS AROUND THE KNEE-JOINT FOR TREATMENT OF 138 CASES OF INFRAPATELLAR FAT PAD STRAIN

Infrapatellar fat pad strain is a common disease and is referred to the chronic cumu-lative lesion of the knee joint, manifested mainly as arthralgia. The author treated 100 cases ofthis disease by noedling Neixiyan(EX-LE 4), Waixiyan and Zusanli (ST 36) and other 38 caseswith combined therapies of acupuncture(of the same three points) and infrared radiation, achiev- ing cure rates of 68% and 71. 1 %, and total effective rates of 93.0% and 92.1% respectively.Comparison between the two groups in cure rate shows no statistical difference (P】0. 05).