Study on a New Method of Reducing the Water Shrinkage of Rabbit Hair Knitted Fabrics

In order to reduce the water shrinkage of rabbit hair knitted fabrics, a new method is developed, which is blending rabbit hairs with a little bit of blaze. The sericin on the blaze which can swell and melt in hot and wet condition can cohere the rabbit hairs through special processing. So the relative movement among fibers could be restricted. The testing results show that the water shrinkage of rabbit hair knitted fabrics can be greatly reduced after processed.

Measuring Structural Parameters of Knitted Fabrics by Digital Image Processing Techniques

In the knitting industry the measurements of the stitch density and the stitch length are usually done manually, which may lead to lower efficiency and less definition and also bring subjective ideas into the test results. In order to improve the effect we can measure with Digital Image Processing Techniques. A piece of sample is scanned into computer and changed into a digital image, which is processed with media filtering. To acquire the power spectrum, the image in the spatial domain is converted into the frequency domain. Picking up the characteristic points describing the stitch density and the stitch length separately in the power spectra and reconstructing them, the values of the stitch density and the stitch length could be calculated. When measuring the stitch length, we should establish a geometric model of the stitch based en the digital image processing, which provides a method to transform the stitch length in the two-dimensien space into the three-dimensien space and to measure the value of the stitch length more accurately. This method also provides a new way to measure the stitch length without damaging the fabric.

Application of Knitted Fabrics in Technical and Medical Textiles

Knitted fabrics and knitting technology play very important role on the fields of technical and medical textiles and their importance is ever greater. Experts estimate that their annual consumption is increasing by 3,8 % in average and it can reach about 24 million tons in 2010. Within this the consumption of each sector is increasing. Roughly one third of the world’s fibre consumption is used for production of technical textiles.The term "technical textiles" covers many fields of application that are mirrored in the terminology of Techtextil which is very much used generally when grouping these products. Techtextil differentiates 11 groups and knitted fabrics and products made by knitting technologies can be found in each of them.The lecture introduces such applications on many examples. We think that use of knitting technologies in the development of technical and medical textiles can help this sector to survive this difficult period of the European textile industry.

Comparative Study of Polypropylene Non-Woven Surgical Mask and Locally Manufactured Woven and Knitted Fabrics Facial Masks

The outbreak of coronavirus has led to an increase in the demand for facemasks globally. Unavailability of appropriate polypropylene non-woven fabrics face masks as a result of inadequate supply to satisfy the growing population has brought about the manufacturing of locally fabrics masks to augment or substitute standard medical class facemasks. The study aims at analyzing airflow of these locally manufactured fabrics to determine possible means of transmitting the virus as well as establish comfort of the user of these masks. Standard polypropylene non-woven, woven and knitted fabrics were considered for the study. Air permeability test was conducted on these fabrics using Frazier Air permeability tester. Depending on the property significant variation in the textile fabrics, polypropylene non-woven is widely accepted for facial masks. Nevertheless, this study illustrates that woven and knitted fabrics have more open structures, which allow a high rate of air penetration and so may require two or three layers to prevent antimicrobial or antiviral potential.

Analysis of the Porosity Changing after Moisture Absorption in Functional Knitted Fabrics

The paper analyses the effect of stitch geometrical modality changing after moisture absorption on the porosity of knitted fabrics,and educes the formulas between porosity and stitch parameters.Regarding as the cell stitch,the increasing of yarn diameter brings the porosity decreasing and the fabric shrinking in the wale direction.While the diameter keeps invariability,the yarn elongating brings the fabric humping up as well as the increasing porosity.The air-permeability experiments have been conducted to validate the theoretical analysis,and there is reasonable agreement between the theories and experiments.

Automated Density Measurement of Weft Knitted Fabrics Using Backlight Imaging

This paper proposes a new density measurement algorithm to address the issues of poor applicability and inaccurate results associated with the automatic density measurement algorithm for weft-knitted fabrics.The algorithm involves collecting the transmitted light image of the knitted fabric,calculating the tilt angle using the skewing correction algorithm,and rotating the image to correct the weft skew present therein.The pre-rotated and post-rotated images are then projected vertically and horizontally in grayscale,and the obtained projection curves are used to represent the distribution of loops in vertical and horizontal rows.This study proposed a wave peak coordinate verification algorithm that calculates the coursewise densities and walewise densities of the knitted fabric.In experiments,the proposed density measurement method is found to exhibit an accuracy above 98%when compared with the manual mode.

Modeling Locking Angle of the Multi-layered Biaxial Weft Knitted Fabric in Shear Deformation

This paper introduces the construction of the multi-layered biaxial weft knitted fabric （MBWK fabric） and studies the locking angle of this kind of fabric. Moreover, a locking angle model of the MBWK fabric is established for the first time according to its unique construction. Two kinds of locking angles are considered under different restraint conditions: the locking angle θ1 controlled by the inserting yarns and the locking angle θ2 controlled by the stitch yarns. It is concluded that the ultimate value of the locking angle θ is the larger one of the two angles.

A MICRO-MECHANICAL MODEL OF KNITTED FABRIC AND ITS APPLICATION TO THE ANALYSIS OF BUCKLING UNDER TENSION IN WALE DIRECTION:MICRO-MECHANICAL MODEL

The typical micro-knitting structure of knitted fabric,which makes it very different from woven fabric,is described.The tensile tests of knitted fabric are reported.The deformations of the micro-knitting structures are carefully studied.The study indicates that when a knitted fabric sheet is subjected to a tension along w-direction an extra compressive stress field inside loop in c-direction is induced.The extra stress field is also determined through analysis.Finally,a micro-mechanical model of knitted fabric is proposed.This work paves the way for the simulations of buckling modes of a knitted fabric sheet as are observed in experiments.

Finishing Effect on Warmth Property of Cotton/Kapok Blended Knitted Fabric

Nowadays,more and more natural or functional fibers are being investigated due to their utilization in thermal underwear.Kapok fiber is one of the natural cellulosic fibers whose source is the kapok plant. It has hollow body and sealed tail,which exhibits desirable features required for functional textiles of this nature. In this study,cotton / kapok( 80 /20 by mass) blended yarn with two types of yarn size 18. 5 and 14. 8 tex,respectively are knitted into plain stitches. The fabrics are undergone with an optimal preparation plan according to orthogonal design. Then,after dyeing and softening,fabric properties including thermal and water-vapour resistances, wicking property, pilling behaviour, and surface morphology,are tested and scrutinized for their candidacy for thermal underwear. The results showed that cotton / kapok blended fabrics have good thermal resistance which is significantly higher than those of cotton / modal blended fabrics,and the same water vapour resistance compared with cotton / modal blended fabrics which are normally used as underwear. Cotton / modal blended knitted fabrics has better pilling grade than cotton / kapok blended fabrics. Meanwhile, the cotton / kapok blends fabrics have good wicking property. Collectively,it was concluded that cotton / kapok blended fabric was appropriate for thermal underwear. However,the main limitation of these fabrics is their pilling properties.

Study on How to Design Knitted Fabric Pattern with Mathematical Theory

To improve design capabilities for the knitted fabric pattern,a preliminary study is carried out for the design method.Based on mathematical theory,pattern could be created automatically by computer with inputting different parameters for mathematical functions.The knitted fabric simulation is realized by M1 CAD pattern preparation system of STOLL Company.In the pattern,different color unit is replaced by obverse stitch with different color,or by obverse stitch and reverse stitch with the same color separately,after that the effects of knitted fabrics could be simulated.Designing with this method,it would not only help to acquire a great of diversity patterns,but also improve design efficiency and save cost.

3D Modeling and Simulation of Fancy Fabrics in Weft Knitting

Weft knitted fancy fabrics are widely used in knitted garment design. Due to the complexity of the structures, their modeling and simulation needs to be solved in three-dimensional (3D) CAD developments. In this paper, 3D loop geometrical models of weft knitted fancy structures, including tuck stitch, jacquard stitch, transfer stitch and fleecy stitch, were developed based on an improved model of plain loop, and their central axes as some 3D space curves were achieved by using Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines (NURBS). The 3D visual simulation programme was written in C++ programming language using OpenGL, which was a function library of 3D graphics. Some examples of weft knitted fancy fabrics were generated and practical application of 3D simulation was discussed.

A micro-mechanical model of knitted fabric and its application to the analysis of buckling under tension in wale direction:buckling analysis

With the aid of the micro-mechanical model of knitted fabric proposed in Part 1 we analyze the buckling of a knitted fabric sheet when it is subjected to a tension along the wale direction. The large deformation of the fabric sheet in the critical configuration is considered and, to avoid possible deviation due to the approximation of the theory of thin plate, the three-dimensional theory of instability is used. The fabric sheet is considered as a three-dimensional body and all boundary conditions are satisfied. It is shown that the buckling of the fabric sheet is possible, two buckling modes and the corresponding buckling conditions are obtained, but only the flexural mode is physically possible as observed in experiments.

Web-Based Interactive Simulation of Weft Knitted Fabric

In order to realize parametric simulation of three-dimensional(3D)fabric structure based on web,a 3D model describing a plain knitted fabric,in which the cross-section of the yarn is circular shape and the path of the yarn is cubic B-spline curve,is proposed in this paper.With this model,the 3D simulation of the loop and of the basic structures of the knitted fabric is realized by using Virtual Reality Modeling Language(VRML).The virtual simulation scene is suitable for network transmission with freely available VRML browsers and can be translated,scaled and rotated quite arbitrarily.By using Java and External Authoring Interface(EAI)technology,the web-based interactive simulation platform of weft knitted fabric is established.The user can input type of structures,basic fabric parameters,and yarn colors interactively to obtain a more realistic simulation result in real-time.A new approach is provided to imitate the knitted fabric 3D appearance on network.

Research on the Dyeing Properties of Silk-like Knitted Fabric of Ultra-fine Polyester Fiber

In this paper, dyeing processes of silk-like fabric of ultra-fine polyester fiber are studied through orthogonal experiment, dyeing properties (K/S value, L* value, and C* value) of the fabric are tested under different dyeing conditions (pH value, time, and bath ratlo), and optimum dyeing conditions are arrived at through analysis.

Prediction of Buckling of Plain Knitted Fabric Sheets Subjected to Simple Shear in Wale Direction

Knitted fabric is very different from woven fabric due to its more complicated knitting structures. The buckling of knitted fabric sheets subjected to simple shear in the wale direction is investigated analytically in consideration of the large deformation of fabric sheet in critical configuration. The theory on instability of finite deformation is applied to the analysis. All the stress boundary conditions of knitted fabric sheet are satisfied. An equation to determine the buckling direction angle is derived. It is shown that there are two possible buckling modes, flexural mode and barreling mode. The buckling condition equations for the flexural mode and barreling mode are also obtained respectively. Numerical illustrations reveal that only the flexural mode can actually occur and the barreling mode cannot, which agrees with the experimental observations. For a permitted buckling mode on margin boundaries, the critical value of shear amount and the buckling direction angle can be determined.

Effect of PLA Knitted Structure on the Mechanical Properties of Composite Vascular Scaffold

A new entire biodegradable scaffold has been developed which does not require precellularization before transplantation.This new kind of vascular scaffold prototype made from porous poly-ε-caprolactone( PCL) membrane to provide three-dimensional environment for cell growth, and embedded with weft-knitted polylactic acid( PLA) fabric to support mechanics.The aim of this paper is to study the variation tendency of mechanical properties with the fabric spacing changing.The basic geometrical parameters were measured to characterize properties of the samples.The tensile and compressive elastic recovery of the samples were tested by the universal mechanical tester and radial compression apparatus,respectively.Both tensile and compressive properties enhanced when reducing the fabric spacing of the composite vascular scaffold.

Three-Dimension Parametric Simulation of Knitted Fabric Based on the Twisted Loop Model

To enhance the realistic simulation effect of knitted fabric,a new three-dimension( 3D) twisted loop model was proposed. This model was constructed by using Non-uniform Rational B-Spline( NURBS) surface. The control points of this surface were generated through rotating the cross-section along the center path of yarn. The cross-section of yarn was generated based on the two-level hexagonal close packing model. Both of the center path and the cross-section were fitted by NURBS. With this twisted loop model,3D parametric simulation of knitted fabric was realized in 3DS MAX by utilizing MAXScript and analyzing the relationships between structure parameters( including the wale-spacing, the course-spacing,the yarn diameter,and the fabric thickness) and geometric model. The simulation of knitted fabric has 3D realistic twist effect clearly. Furthermore,the structure parameters and the twist parameters of fabric can be modified interactively.

The Mechanical Behaviour of Rubber Hose Reinforced with Warp Knitted Fabric

A new process for the rubber hose reinforced with warp knitted fabric was introduced, and the relation between the inside pressure and the radial expansion ratio of four kinds of rubber radiator hose reinforced with warp knitted fabric was investigated. The result showed that the bursting pressure and the radial direction expansion ratio of the hose could meet the requirement of ISO4081 for auto radiator hose. A new model was built up to analyse the relation between the inside pressure and the radial expansion ratio of the hose based the reinforced fabric structure parameters and yarn properties.

A New Method for Measuring the Stitch Length of Weft Knitted Fabric in a Static Environment

It is essential to measure the stitch length of weft knitted fabric in a static environment for economy and improving productivity. The image inputted was dealt with the digital image processing techniques： the paper carried out the transformation of grey scale; then removed impurities with filtering; the characteristic of the stitch structure was abstracted by using the Fourier transform technique. To obtain the stitch length more accurately, we should establish ageometric medal of the stitch lined on the digital image processing, which provides a way to transform the stitch length in the two-dimenslon space into a three-dimension space. This study provides a new methed for measuring the stitch length without damaging the fabric.

Bioscouring Knitted Cotton Fabric with an Experimental Pectate Lyase

An experimental pectate lyase enzyme was used to scour knitted cotton fabric and the emphasis was on pectin removal.Using an enzyme dosage of 0.2 g/L at temperature 55℃ and pH 6.35 for 30 min,good scouring properties were obtained.When appropriate concentrations of 1-Hydroxy Ethylidene-1,1-Diphosphonic Acid(HEDP)and CaCl2 were added,the percentage pectin removal improved significantly.