基于改进HK模型的社交用户观点演化预测研究

[目的/意义]准确预测舆情观点的演化态势,对化解舆情危机具有重要意义。[方法/过程]针对HK模型用于用户观点演化预测存在的不足,进行如下改进:首先,从和当前事件相似度高于阈值的历史博文中获取用户的初始观点值;其次,利用用户间交互行为以及关注关系计算亲密度,修订用户信任阈值;最后,融合用户全局影响力、用户间交互度以及观点接近度计算用户间的综合信任度,突出用户间观点影响权重的差异性。最终利用改进的HK模型实现对社交用户观点演化预测。[结果/结论]实验结果表明,改进的HK模型用于观点演化预测具有较低的MSE值和MAE值,可为舆情发展提供有效预测。

低表达ACOT4促进草酸钙对HK2细胞损伤和结晶形成

目的探讨酰基辅酶A硫代酯酶4(acyl-CoA thioeaterase 4,ACOT 4)的表达对草酸钙结石形成的影响。方法以人肾小管上皮细胞HK2细胞为研究对象,使用草酸钙处理HK2细胞,并使用siRNA干扰HK2细胞中ACOT4的表达。qPCR和Western blot法检测HK2细胞中基因的表达水平;CCK-8法检测细胞活率;流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡情况;LDH实验检测细胞损伤情况;晶体黏附实验检测HK2细胞对草酸钙结晶的黏附能力。结果草酸钙可以调节HK2细胞中ACOT4的表达;干扰ACOT4可以显著抑制HK2细胞的增殖能力,并且增强草酸钙对HK2细胞的活性降低、损伤和凋亡的影响;同时,干扰ACOT4可以显著促进HK2细胞对草酸钙晶体的黏附能力。结论敲低ACOT4可以促进草酸钙对HK2细胞的损伤并促进HK2细胞对草酸钙晶体的黏附能力。

基于Keap1/Nrf2/ARE信号通路探讨高良姜总黄酮对铅诱导HK-2细胞损伤的保护作用

目的 探讨高良姜总黄酮对铅(Pb)诱导人肾皮质近曲小管上皮细胞(HK-2)细胞损伤的保护作用。方法 体外培养HK-2细胞,MTT法检测不同质量浓度高良姜总黄酮和Pb对HK-2细胞活力的影响。设置对照组、高良姜总黄酮对照组、模型组和高良姜总黄酮组,除对照组和高良姜总黄酮对照组外各组均给予200μmol/L Pb诱导细胞损伤,同时高良姜总黄酮对照组和高良姜总黄酮组给予100μg/mL高良姜总黄酮干预24 h。通过Hoechst 33258荧光染色法联合annexin V-FITC/PI双标记流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡情况,荧光显微镜法观察Pb诱导及高良姜总黄酮干预对细胞内ROS水平的影响,试剂盒法检测细胞内氧化应激指标ROS、MDA、GSH水平和GSH-Px、CAT、SOD活性,ELISA法检测细胞培养上清液IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α水平,Western bolt法检测细胞Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1信号通路相关蛋白及caspase-3蛋白表达。结果 与对照组比较,高良姜总黄酮(12.5~200μg/mL)对HK-2细胞活力没有显著影响。与模型组比较,高良姜总黄酮可减少Pb诱导HK-2细胞的凋亡(P<0.05),减轻细胞皱缩等细胞凋亡形态学变化,上调细胞内SOD、CAT、GSH-Px活性及GSH水平(P<0.05),降低细胞内MDA、ROS水平(P<0.05),上调Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1信号通路相关蛋白及caspase-3蛋白表达(P<0.05)。结论 高良姜总黄酮可能通过调控Keap1/Nrf2/ARE信号通路相关蛋白表达,对Pb诱导HK-2细胞损伤起保护作用。

Heterogeneous Image Knowledge Driven Visual Perception

Dear Editor,This letter is concerned with visual perception closely related to heterogeneous images.Facing the huge challenge brought by different image modalities,we propose a visual perception framework based on heterogeneous image knowledge,i.e.,the domain knowledge associated with specific vision tasks,to better address the corresponding visual perception problems.

薯蓣皂苷通过GSK3β/Nrf2/HO-1通路改善尿酸诱导的HK-2细胞氧化应激损伤的作用及机制研究

目的探讨薯蓣皂苷(dioscin)对尿酸(uric acid,UA)诱导的人肾小管上皮细胞(HK-2)氧化应激损伤的影响及分子机制。方法将HK-2细胞分为正常组、模型组(尿酸刺激造模)、条件对照组(尿酸+DMSO)和薯蓣皂苷组(尿酸+薯蓣皂苷)。通过尿酸诱导HK-2细胞氧化应激损伤模型;采用CCK-8法检测细胞活力,流式细胞技术检测细胞活性氧(ROS)水平,Real-time PCR法检测糖原合成激酶3(GSK3β)、核转录因子红系2相关因子2(Nrf2)和血红素加氧酶1(HO-1)在mRNA水平的表达,Western Blot法检测GSK3β、磷酸化糖原合成激酶3(p-GSK3β)、Nrf2及HO-1在蛋白水平的表达。结果经尿酸刺激后,HK-2细胞的活力明显下降,ROS水平明显升高(均P<0.001)。经薯蓣皂苷治疗后,HK-2细胞的活力增加,ROS水平明显降低(均P<0.001)。在蛋白及mRNA水平上,尿酸刺激后Nrf2和HO-1的表达均下降,薯蓣皂苷干预后Nrf2和HO-1表达均明显增加(均P<0.001)。在蛋白水平上,模型组细胞p-GSK3β/GSK3β比值较正常组明显下降,经薯蓣皂苷干预后p-GSK3β/GSK3β比值升高(均P<0.001)。结论薯蓣皂苷可能是通过促进GSK3β的磷酸化,激活Nrf2/HO-1通路,从而缓解尿酸诱导的HK-2细胞氧化应激损伤。

miRNA-30b-3p靶向ZNRF1调控草酸钠诱导的HK-2细胞凋亡和氧化应激的研究

目的探索miRNA-30b-3p靶向ZNRF1调控草酸钠诱导的HK-2细胞凋亡和氧化应激的研究并探讨其作用机制。方法将0.2、0.6μmol/L的草酸钠处理HK-2细胞,miR-30b-3p mimic和miR-30b-3p inhibitor及其相对应的对照物转染到HK-2细胞,CCK-8、Transwell和划痕实验分别检测HK-2细胞的增殖、侵袭和迁移能力;流式细胞术测量细胞内ROS,ELISA法检测LDH、MDA、GSH活性,蛋白质印迹分析Bax、Bcl-2的表达情况;荧光素酶报告基因检测验证miRNA-30b-3p及ZNRF1之间的靶向关系;RNA免疫沉淀分析miRNA-30b-3p及ZNRF1之间的作用关系。结果草酸钠处理HK-2显著增加ROS,LDH和MDA水平,GSH含量明显降低(P<0.01),抑制HK-2细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭,促进其凋亡,与草酸钠的浓度呈现剂量依赖关系,miR-30b-3p促进草酸钠诱导对HK-2细胞的影响;靶标预测和荧光素酶测定表明ZNRF1是HK-2细胞中miR-30b-3p的直接靶标,且沉默ZNRF1逆转miR-30b-3p对草酸钠诱导的HK-2细胞损伤的影响。结论miRNA-30b-3p靶向ZNRF1促进草酸钠诱导的HK-2细胞凋亡和氧化应激,抑制其增殖、侵袭和迁移。

circ_UBE2C通过调控miR-107/HK2分子轴促进肺癌细胞增殖和糖酵解

目的探讨circ_UBE2C对肺癌细胞增殖和糖酵解的影响及其作用机制。方法基于TCGA数据库分析circ_UBE2C、miR-107和己糖激酶2(hexokinase 2,HK2)在肺癌组织和正常肺组织中的表达情况。采用Kaplan-Meier法绘制生存曲线,分析circ_UBE2C/miR-107/HK2表达量和肺癌患者生存期的相关性。常规培养人正常肺上皮细胞(BEAS-2B)和人肺癌细胞株(A549、NCI-H460和NCI-H1299),采用qRT-PCR检测circ_UBE2C和miR-107的表达量,Western blot检测HK2和PCNA蛋白的表达量。将A549和NCI-H1299细胞分为空白组(NC)、circ_UBE2C敲减组(si-circ)、HK2敲减组(si-HK2)、同时敲减miR-107+HK2组(miR-inhibitor+si-HK2)和同时敲减circ_UBE2C+miR-107组(si-circ+miR-inhibitor)。CCK-8和克隆形成实验分析细胞增殖活力。葡萄糖摄取比色测定试剂盒、乳酸检测试剂盒和ATP含量测定试剂盒分析A549和NCI-H1299细胞葡萄糖摄取量、乳酸生成量和ATP产生量。Seahorse XF糖酵解应激测试试剂盒和Seahorse XF细胞线粒体应激测试试剂盒检测细胞外酸化率(extracellular acidification ratio,ECAR)和细胞耗氧率(oxygen consumption ratio,OCR)。双荧光素酶报告基因实验评估circ_UBE2C和miR-107、miR-107和HK2的靶向关系。结果与正常组织相比,肺癌组织中circ_UBE2C和HK2表达上调,miR-107表达下调(P<0.05)。与BEAS-2B细胞相比,A549和NCI-H1299细胞中circ_UBE2C和HK2表达量升高,miR-107表达下调(P<0.05)。生存分析显示,circ_UBE2C和HK2高表达或miR-107低表达肺癌患者的生存期较短(P<0.05)。相比于NC组,si-circ或si-HK2组A549和NCI-H1299细胞增殖活力、葡萄糖摄取量、乳酸生成量、ATP产生量、ECAR和OCR均显著减少(P<0.05)。双荧光素酶报告基因证实,circ_UBE2C靶向负调控miR-107,且HK2是miR-107的靶基因。与si-HK2组相比,miR-inhibitor+si-HK2组和si-circ+miR-inhibitor组中A549和NCI-H1299细胞增殖活力和糖酵解水平显著增加。结论敲减circ_UBE2C可显著抑制肺癌细胞增殖和糖酵解水平,其机制是通过靶向上调miR-107抑制HK2表达。

Low-Cost Federated Broad Learning for Privacy-Preserved Knowledge Sharing in the RIS-Aided Internet of Vehicles

High-efficiency and low-cost knowledge sharing can improve the decision-making ability of autonomous vehicles by mining knowledge from the Internet of Vehicles(IoVs).However,it is challenging to ensure high efficiency of local data learning models while preventing privacy leakage in a high mobility environment.In order to protect data privacy and improve data learning efficiency in knowledge sharing,we propose an asynchronous federated broad learning(FBL)framework that integrates broad learning(BL)into federated learning(FL).In FBL,we design a broad fully connected model(BFCM)as a local model for training client data.To enhance the wireless channel quality for knowledge sharing and reduce the communication and computation cost of participating clients,we construct a joint resource allocation and reconfigurable intelligent surface(RIS)configuration optimization framework for FBL.The problem is decoupled into two convex subproblems.Aiming to improve the resource scheduling efficiency in FBL,a double Davidon–Fletcher–Powell(DDFP)algorithm is presented to solve the time slot allocation and RIS configuration problem.Based on the results of resource scheduling,we design a reward-allocation algorithm based on federated incentive learning(FIL)in FBL to compensate clients for their costs.The simulation results show that the proposed FBL framework achieves better performance than the comparison models in terms of efficiency,accuracy,and cost for knowledge sharing in the IoV.

硫氢化钠对大鼠肺缺血/再灌注引发的细胞焦亡及HK2-NLRP3-GSDMD通路的影响

目的:探讨硫氢化钠(NaHS)对大鼠肺缺血/再灌注(I/R)引发的细胞焦亡及己糖激酶2(HK2)-核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体蛋白3(NLRP3)-消皮素D(GSDMD)通路的影响。方法:将雄性SD大鼠随机分为6组,每组6只:对照(control)组、control+NaHS组、I/R组、低剂量NaHS+I/R(L+I/R)组、中剂量NaHS+I/R(M+I/R)组和高剂量NaHS+I/R(H+I/R)组。于造模前30 min腹腔注射1.5 mL NaHS溶液。在缺血30 min、再灌注1 h时立即取左肺组织,记录并计算肺湿/干重比和总肺含水量;HE染色观察肺组织形态;试剂盒检测丙二醛、髓过氧化物酶和乳酸水平;ELISA检测白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)和IL-18水平;Western blot、qRT-PCR和免疫荧光染色检测糖酵解和细胞焦亡相关指标表达变化。结果:与control组相比,control+NaHS组各项检测指标均无显著差异(P>0.05),I/R组可见明显肺损伤,氧化应激反应和乳酸含量显著增加,糖酵解和细胞焦亡相关指标上调(P<0.05或P<0.01);与I/R组相比,L+I/R组以上检测指标显著下降(P<0.01)或无显著差异(P>0.05),M+I/R组以上检测指标不同程度降低(P<0.05或P<0.01),而H+I/R组以上各项指标均无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论:中剂量(56μmol·L^(−1)·kg^(−1))NaHS通过抑制HK2-NLRP3-GSDMD通路减少细胞焦亡的发生,从而减轻大鼠肺I/R损伤。

A new evolutional model for institutional field knowledge flow network

Purpose:This paper aims to address the limitations in existing research on the evolution of knowledge flow networks by proposing a meso-level institutional field knowledge flow network evolution model(IKM).The purpose is to simulate the construction process of a knowledge flow network using knowledge organizations as units and to investigate its effectiveness in replicating institutional field knowledge flow networks.Design/Methodology/Approach:The IKM model enhances the preferential attachment and growth observed in scale-free BA networks,while incorporating three adjustment parameters to simulate the selection of connection targets and the types of nodes involved in the network evolution process Using the PageRank algorithm to calculate the significance of nodes within the knowledge flow network.To compare its performance,the BA and DMS models are also employed for simulating the network.Pearson coefficient analysis is conducted on the simulated networks generated by the IKM,BA and DMS models,as well as on the actual network.Findings:The research findings demonstrate that the IKM model outperforms the BA and DMS models in replicating the institutional field knowledge flow network.It provides comprehensive insights into the evolution mechanism of knowledge flow networks in the scientific research realm.The model also exhibits potential applicability to other knowledge networks that involve knowledge organizations as node units.Research Limitations:This study has some limitations.Firstly,it primarily focuses on the evolution of knowledge flow networks within the field of physics,neglecting other fields.Additionally,the analysis is based on a specific set of data,which may limit the generalizability of the findings.Future research could address these limitations by exploring knowledge flow networks in diverse fields and utilizing broader datasets.Practical Implications:The proposed IKM model offers practical implications for the construction and analysis of knowledge flow networks within institutions.It provides a valuable tool for understanding and managing knowledge exchange between knowledge organizations.The model can aid in optimizing knowledge flow and enhancing collaboration within organizations.Originality/value:This research highlights the significance of meso-level studies in understanding knowledge organization and its impact on knowledge flow networks.The IKM model demonstrates its effectiveness in replicating institutional field knowledge flow networks and offers practical implications for knowledge management in institutions.Moreover,the model has the potential to be applied to other knowledge networks,which are formed by knowledge organizations as node units.

Nutrition Awareness and Knowledge and Body Mass Index in Adolescents in Public Junior Secondary Schools

Background: Non-communicable diseases are increasing among adolescents. The decision about diet is the foundation of eating habits that could persist to adulthood. Dietary decisions, which usually are hard to change later in life, make nutrition education at school paramount to prevent obesity and NCDs, and promote healthy eating. Objectives: To assess level of nutrition awareness and knowledge of healthy eating and food intake behaviors and association with Body Mass Index (BMI) and age. Methods: A cross sectional study that included measures such as age, gender, socioeconomic status, BMI, and nutrition knowledge was conducted in 264 respondents from 18th June 2015 to 9th July 2015. The nutrition knowledge questionnaire was composed of 24 questions divided into food nutrients, food contents, healthiest foods, and energy expenditure and nutrition benefits. CDC BMI chart for 2-20-year-olds was used to plot respondent’s weight and height. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 14.3 years (SD 0.79). Most of the respondents (153/252, 53.6%) had a low socio-economic status as categorized by the present study. The mean (SD) BMI was 20.08 (3.90). Most respondents (56.3%, 142/252) failed the knowledge test and scored below 50% and only two respondents (0.8%) had excellent nutrition knowledge. The mean percentage achieved was 46.1% (SD 15.91) ranging from 8.3% to 87.5%. There was a significant correlation between nutrition knowledge and BMI (p = 0.001). Conclusion: The study shows that adolescents do not have adequate nutrition knowledge, placing them at risk for developing non-communicable diseases later in life. Nutrition education programs are urgently needed for teachers, parents, and children.

GATiT:An Intelligent Diagnosis Model Based on Graph Attention Network Incorporating Text Representation in Knowledge Reasoning

The growing prevalence of knowledge reasoning using knowledge graphs(KGs)has substantially improved the accuracy and efficiency of intelligent medical diagnosis.However,current models primarily integrate electronic medical records(EMRs)and KGs into the knowledge reasoning process,ignoring the differing significance of various types of knowledge in EMRs and the diverse data types present in the text.To better integrate EMR text information,we propose a novel intelligent diagnostic model named the Graph ATtention network incorporating Text representation in knowledge reasoning(GATiT),which comprises text representation,subgraph construction,knowledge reasoning,and diagnostic classification.In the text representation process,GATiT uses a pre-trained model to obtain text representations of the EMRs and additionally enhances embeddings by including chief complaint information and numerical information in the input.In the subgraph construction process,GATiT constructs text subgraphs and disease subgraphs from the KG,utilizing EMR text and the disease to be diagnosed.To differentiate the varying importance of nodes within the subgraphs features such as node categories,relevance scores,and other relevant factors are introduced into the text subgraph.Themessage-passing strategy and attention weight calculation of the graph attention network are adjusted to learn these features in the knowledge reasoning process.Finally,in the diagnostic classification process,the interactive attention-based fusion method integrates the results of knowledge reasoning with text representations to produce the final diagnosis results.Experimental results on multi-label and single-label EMR datasets demonstrate the model’s superiority over several state-of-theart methods.

Combining Deep Learning with Knowledge Graph for Design Knowledge Acquisition in Conceptual Product Design

The acquisition of valuable design knowledge from massive fragmentary data is challenging for designers in conceptual product design.This study proposes a novel method for acquiring design knowledge by combining deep learning with knowledge graph.Specifically,the design knowledge acquisition method utilises the knowledge extraction model to extract design-related entities and relations from fragmentary data,and further constructs the knowledge graph to support design knowledge acquisition for conceptual product design.Moreover,the knowledge extraction model introduces ALBERT to solve memory limitation and communication overhead in the entity extraction module,and uses multi-granularity information to overcome segmentation errors and polysemy ambiguity in the relation extraction module.Experimental comparison verified the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed knowledge extraction model.The case study demonstrated the feasibility of the knowledge graph construction with real fragmentary porcelain data and showed the capability to provide designers with interconnected and visualised design knowledge.

A Survey of Knowledge Graph Construction Using Machine Learning

Knowledge graph(KG)serves as a specialized semantic network that encapsulates intricate relationships among real-world entities within a structured framework.This framework facilitates a transformation in information retrieval,transitioning it from mere string matching to far more sophisticated entity matching.In this transformative process,the advancement of artificial intelligence and intelligent information services is invigorated.Meanwhile,the role ofmachine learningmethod in the construction of KG is important,and these techniques have already achieved initial success.This article embarks on a comprehensive journey through the last strides in the field of KG via machine learning.With a profound amalgamation of cutting-edge research in machine learning,this article undertakes a systematical exploration of KG construction methods in three distinct phases:entity learning,ontology learning,and knowledge reasoning.Especially,a meticulous dissection of machine learningdriven algorithms is conducted,spotlighting their contributions to critical facets such as entity extraction,relation extraction,entity linking,and link prediction.Moreover,this article also provides an analysis of the unresolved challenges and emerging trajectories that beckon within the expansive application of machine learning-fueled,large-scale KG construction.

Reflective practice and knowledge development: Transforming research for a practice-based discipline

Knowledge development to guide evidence-informed practice is a cornerstone of nursing as a practice-based discipline.The emphasis on empirical knowledge development overshadows other ways of knowledge developmentdpersonal,aesthetic,and ethical.Technical,objective knowledge development is more dominant than knowledge development for delivering holistic,personcentered care.Personal,aesthetic,and ethical ways of knowing are essential factors in satisfying work environments,patient satisfaction,and nurse retention.Boyer's model of scholarship development defining the scholarship of discovery,teaching,application,and integration guide nurses in building programs of scholarship informing the practice of nursing in practice and academia with an aim of improving and transforming healthcare delivery and patient outcomes.The purpose of this paper is to describe the various forms of scholarship described by Boyer as priorities in knowledge development,examine how the multiple ways of knowing expand traditional empirical perspectives of knowledge development,and present the value of reflective practices that undergird knowledge generation,integration,and application for holistic personcentered safe quality care.Reflective practices have a unique contribution to forming the unique art and science of nursing as a practice-based discipline.

Reviewer Acknowledgements

The editors of International Journal of Ophthalmology gratefully acknowledge the members of IJO Editorial Board and reviewers from 57 countries and regions who participated in the peer-reviews and provided their valuable comments between Nov.1^(st),2022 and Oct.31^(st),2023.

Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practices among Healthcare Workers in a Tertiary Care Hospital on Needle Stick Injury

Purpose: Needle-stick injury (NSI) is one of the most potential occupational hazards for healthcare workers because of the transmission of blood-borne pathogens. As per recent data, around 30 lakh healthcare workers sustain Needle stick injuries each year. This study was conducted to assess healthcare workers’ knowledge, attitude and practices regarding needle stick injury. Materials & Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a Tertiary Care Hospital over the period of 3 months. The study population consisted of Intern Doctors, Post Graduate resident Doctors, Staff Nurses, laboratory technicians of Government Medical College and New Civil Hospital, Surat (n = 300). The data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire via the means of Google Forms. Questionnaire was made with prior review literature. The data obtained were entered and analysed in Microsoft Excel. Results: The prevalence of NSI in our study was 46%, with a higher prevalence among the PG residents (72%). Overall scores regarding knowledge and attitude were better in PG residents (knowledge score > 7 in 71% and Attitude Score > 7 in 68% of PG Residents). Even though the PG residents scored highest in the knowledge category, the majority of them suffered needle stick injuries as a result of poor practice scores. Among those who had NSI (n = 139/300), 70% of study participants had superficial injuries, only 9% reported the incident, 18% got medical attention within 2 hours of the incident, and 7% followed up to recheck their viral markers status. Most incidents of NSI were due to hypodermic needles while recapping needles. Conclusion: Exposure to needle stick injuries and their underreporting remains a common problem. It is imperative that healthcare workers receive regular training on the proper handling of sharp objects. We can also draw the conclusion that preventing NSIs requires putting knowledge into practice.

Global systematic review and meta-analysis of knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards dengue fever among the general population

Objective:To determine the global level of knowledge,attitudes,and practices towards dengue fever among the general population.Methods:To complete this systematic review and meta-analysis,a thorough search for pertinent English-language literature was undertaken during the study's extension until October 2023.The search used Google Scholar,Scopus,PubMed/MEDLINE,Science Direct,Web of Science,EMBASE,Springer,and ProQuest.A quality assessment checklist developed using a modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for the cross-sectional study was used to evaluate the risk of bias in the included papers.Inverse variance and Cochran Q statistics were employed in the STATA software version 14 to assess study heterogeneity.When there was heterogeneity,the Dersimonian and Liard random-effects models were used.Results:59 Studies totaling 87353 participants were included in this meta-analysis.These investigations included 86278 participants in 55 studies on knowledge,20196 in 33 studies on attitudes,and 74881 in 29 studies on practices.The pooled estimates for sufficient knowledge,positive attitudes,and dengue fever preventive behaviors among the general population were determined as 40.1%(95%CI 33.8%-46.5%),46.8%(95%CI 35.8%-58.9%),and 38.3%(95%CI 28.4%-48.2%),respectively.Europe exhibits the highest knowledge level at 63.5%,and Africa shows the lowest at 20.3%.Positive attitudes are most prevalent in the Eastern Mediterranean(54.1%)and Southeast Asia(53.6%),contrasting sharply with the Americas,where attitudes are notably lower at 9.05%.Regarding preventive behaviors,the Americas demonstrate a prevalence of 12.1%,Southeast Asia at 28.1%,Western Pacific at 49.6%,Eastern Mediterranean at 44.8%,and Africa at 47.4%.Conclusions:Regional disparities about the knowledge,attitude and preventive bahaviors are evident with Europe exhibiting the highest knowledge level while Africa has the lowest.These findings emphasize the importance of targeted public health interventions tailored to regional contexts,highlighting the need for region-specific strategies to enhance dengue-related knowledge and encourage positive attitudes and preventive behaviors.

Investigation on the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Oral Health among Medical College and University Undergraduate

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the status of knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of oral health among medical undergraduate students, and provide reference for implementing oral health interventions. Methods: A total of 528 undergraduate students enrolled in Fuzhou Medical College from February 2023 to September 2023 were selected as the research subjects. Their oral health KAP were investigated, and the oral health behavior habits of different types of medical students were compared, and possible influencing factors were analyzed. Results: The total awareness rate of oral health knowledge among medical students is 77.0%, with an average score of 3.85 ± 1.16 points. The overall positive rate of oral health attitudes among medical students is 80.0%, with an average score of 3.19 ± 0.72 points. The total qualified rate of oral health behavior is 65.9%, with an average score of 4.61 ± 1.23 points. The scores of oral health knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors among medical students are related to gender, major, smoking status, and oral health status. The frequency of brushing teeth in the female group was higher than that in the male group, while the habit of brushing teeth before bedtime and the frequency of timely replacement of toothbrushes when deformed were lower, with statistical significance (p 0.05). The frequency of timely replacement of toothbrushes varies among medical students from different majors, and the difference is statistically significant (p 0.05). People who have a habit of eating hot and cold food have a higher frequency of brushing their teeth every day, and the difference is statistically significant (p 0.05). Non smokers have a better habit of brushing their teeth before bedtime and a higher frequency of timely replacement when their toothbrush deforms, with a statistically significant difference (p 0.05). The frequency of using fluoride toothpaste or medicated toothpaste, having a habit of unilateral chewing, and timely replacement of toothbrushes when deformed in patients with existing oral problems is higher than that of those without oral problems, and the difference is statistically significant (p 0.05). Conclusion: The knowledge, attitude, and behavior of oral health among medical students in this school are above average. Students with different genders, dietary and smoking habits, and oral health status have different oral health behavioral habits. It is recommended to include oral health education in mandatory courses for various medical majors.

Knowledge of Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs) among Medical Students in a Tertiary Hospital in Jos North Local Government Area, Plateau State, Nigeria

Background: Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs) remain a common cause of death, functional disability, emotional suffering and economic burden among hospitalized patients. Knowledge of HAIs is important in its prevention and control. This study seeks to assess the knowledge of Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs) among medical students in a Tertiary Hospital in Jos North Local Government Area, Plateau State, Nigeria. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study done in October 2019 among clinical medical students using a Multistage sampling technique. Data was collected using a self-administered structured questionnaire and analyzed using the IBM SPSS 20 (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). Ethical approval was granted by Bingham University Teaching Hospital, Ethics Committee, Jos, Plateau State. Results: A total of 219 students in the clinical arm of the College of Medicine and Health Sciences were selected. A higher proportion (97.7%) of respondents knew about Hospital Acquired Infections and 85.4% knew that Hospital Acquired infections occur in the hospital, and (86.3%) considered patients contagious with half (58.9%) considered patients as the most important source of HAIs, followed by care givers (13.2%), then doctors including medical students and interns (10.0%) and lastly nurses (8.7%). The majority of respondents (70.8%) considered Surgical Wound Infections to be the most commonly occurring HAI, followed by UTIs (69.9%), RTIs (61.2%), BSIs (37.0%) and others (0.9%). The clinical thermometer was the instrument that most commonly transmits HAIs (82.6%), then followed by stethoscope (62.1%), white coats (53.9%), and blood pressure cuff (51.1%). Most respondents knew the infectious substances, like blood (96.3%), nasal discharge (82.6%), saliva (85.3%), and faeces (79.4%) transmitted HAIs, 72.6% of the respondents said that they were aware of the recommended hand washing techniques by WHO. Conclusion: The majority of students 91.3% had good knowledge while 8.7% had poor knowledge of HAIs. Lower classes had more respondents with poor knowledge. This finding was statistically significant (p = 0.002, Chi-square 12.819). Students are encouraged to keep up the level of knowledge they have about HAIs. These students can help improve the knowledge of those whose knowledge level is low. Government and NGOs should support sponsorship for capacity-building events targeted at HAIs for healthcare workers and medical students.