Expanding the Definition and Measurement of Knowledge Economy： Integrating Triple Bottom Line Factors into Knowledge Economy Index Models and Methodologies

The application of knowledge is a primary source of growth in the knowledge economy. The World Bank Group has developed a rigorous assessment methodology for assessing a country＇s ability to access and use knowledge to become more competitive in the knowledge economy of the 21st century. The World Bank＇s annual knowledge economy index is grounded on a four-pillar model： （1） economic incentives and institutional regime; （2） education and skills; （3） information and communication infrastructure; and （4） innovation systems. An argument can be made that the model lacks coverage of some key factors that pertain to intellectual capital and the production and consumption of knowledge. The model＇s heavy focus on economic incentives and open institutional regimes comes at a societal cost. This paper proposes an alternative knowledge economy index which is grounded in a more holistic and balanced view of a knowledge society. Adopting the perspective of triple bottom line shifts the purpose and design of a knowledge economy from one of aggregation and reporting to action and involvement. The World Bank＇s scorecard and indexing methodology are adaptable to this new perspective and a new set of indicators.

The Effect of Intellectual Capital on Organizational Performance: The Mediating Role of Knowledge Sharing

Understanding the various effects that exist among intellectual capital, knowledge sharing, and organizational performance is the main purpose of this study. Data were gathered from 356 employees working in manufacturing companies in Jordan. In order to test the hypotheses of this study, the approach suggested by [1] was undertaken. The results of the analysis revealed that intellectual capital had a positive effect on organizational performance and knowledge sharing. The results also showed that knowledge sharing had a positive effect on organizational performance. Finally, it was found that knowledge sharing had a positive mediating effect on the relationship between intellectual capital and organizational performance. The findings of this study thus provide many benefits for researchers and practitioners despite the presence of some limitations.

Leadership,Knowledge Management,and Human Capital Development

This research highlights the need to develop a framework for leadership,human capital development,and knowledge management by reviewing existing literature in the field of research.The main aim of this research is to propose a model which supports the relationship between leadership(servant leadership,transformational leadership)and human capital development.The study also proposes that knowledge management(knowledge sharing,knowledge acquisition)will moderate the relationship between leadership(servant leadership,transformational leadership)and human capital development.A set of propositions that represent an empirically-driven research agenda,and also describe the relationships between the focal variables are presented to enhance audience’s understanding within a business context.

Knowledge and Social Capital： Drivers for Sustainable Local Growth

This paper presents a knowledge resources perspective for territorial competitiveness and sustainability. The latter is defined as a pathway promoted by a plurality of public and private actors, in the for-profit and non-profit sectors, who find that relationships and social cohesion are the drivers for the construction of shared territorial governance. This study integrates an extensive literature review with data from longitudinal empirical research. Authors have adopted the methodology of qualitative research-based case study. In particular, this paper focused the analysis on a project of territorial governance promoted in the Marches region of Italy. This region was selected as a case study, because it is emblematic of the Italian context; the territory is characterized by small businesses diffused throughout the socio-economic fabric and by the proactive role taken by local governments. The perspective offers a powerful instrument for raising awareness of the gaps that local policymakers should address through their initiatives in the knowledge economy.

Evaluating and Measuring Relational Capital by Defining Knowledge

As we are in the knowledge economy, the main purpose of this research is to define the value of relational capital by measuring it with an innovative model. To this end, this paper will explain the meaning of intellectual capital （human capital, structural capital, and relational capital） in the field of knowledge economy and what relational capital is and how we can measure its value. The research is qualitative in nature and was developed through the study of the international literature. The research presents some theoretical evidences that permit defining a method for the evaluation of relational capital. In this direction, the above method will need to have some integration in the future research. Moreover, this approach should consider some empirical evidences to establish the practical value of the method. In fact, the method presented encourages debate and a critical attitude towards the evaluations of relational capital and intellectual capital.

Triptych Knowledge—Skills—Payroll and Business Performance: Application of an Operational Model for an Accounting Rating of the Human Capital in the Area of Distribution

The human capital’s accounting could allow companies to better manage the acquired knowledge and the skills developed by the employees when they join the firm.An operational model,suitable for a business enterprise’s HR manager and validated by its headboard,needs to include the employees’expertise and skills relative to their“cost”for the employer—the wage bill—and an assessment of the commercial performance.The human capital’s valuation includes methodological issues.Besides,the notion of human capital seems hardly understandable as a whole:The human capital gathers nevertheless components,such as knowledge—skills for which a first valuation can be proposed to test an accounting evaluation model for the operational human capital.In a perspective of a responsible management and a good HR policy,the method used must be able to better manage the knowledge and the competences employees acquired by accompanying them with the appropriate human resource management practices.This paper aims to show that the accounting valuation of human capital can become a tool in order to manage the knowledge and skills acquired and able to support a company’s human resources policy while being useful to its commercial performance—here in the distribution sector.In a research-intervention frame led in a responsible group,we use a model based on a triptych—wage bill,knowledge,and skills—to evaluate the human capital’s accounting,with an analytical highlight on the components measurement of the used“knowledge”and“skills”indexes in particular.A reflection on the operational model’s enrichment is proposed.

Intellectual Capital in Knowledge Management Organizations

This paper templet is copyright by Global Conference on Business and Social Science organized by Global Academy of Training&Research(GATR)Enterprise.Intellectual capital and knowledge are the most important assets of most organizations to ensure that determined or intended strategies can be implemented.The resource-based view of the firm considers the firm as a bundle of tangible resources,intangible resources,and organisational capabilities.An effective IC refers to the critical issues of organisational adaptation,survival and competence in the face of discontinuous environmental change.KM is essential for retaining employees’knowledge within a firm by using appropriate technology and tools to capture and store the knowledge residing in the minds of its employees,so it can be easily shared and reused.There is a growing realisation of the importance of the development and understanding of theory for both Intellectual Capital and Knowledge Management in relation to guide the successful development of Knowledge Management Organisations.This study is fundamental because it will provide the whole picture about the different levels of knowledge;individual,group and organizational,which express internal knowledge(formal and informal knowledge)and external knowledge such as customers and suppliers.The aim of this study is addressed some of the gaps in Intellectual Capital literature.It is necessary to investigate the interactions between IC components in Knowledge management organizations,which include human capital(HC),Organizational capital(OC),and Relational capital(RC).This is important in order to discover the extent to which these factors work together to achieve a network’s knowledge management in organization.

A Empirical Study on Impact Factors of Employee＇s Knowledge Capital in Supply Chain： Social NetworkPerspective

In contrast to the previous studies of knowledge capital from the perspective of enterprises, this study discusses the employee knowledge capital formation mechanism in the supply chain using social network method from the perspective of social capital s~＇ucture, taking individual employees as the study objects. 150 effective questionnaires of three groups were returned by multistage cluster sampling, and then they were analyzed through regression and the structural equation model. The results are as follows： （1） the acquisition of social capital and knowledge capital is affected by the network structure position of the employees in the supply chain; （2） the knowledge capital is affected by how much social capital the employees obtained in the supply chain; （3） social capital is an intermediary variable to affect the knowledge capital in the network structure. Finally, related suggestions for the supply chain management and the subsequent studies are proposed. 1

Research on Performance Measurement System of Knowledge Strategy for Firms

Knowledge has become the most important strategic resource of firms, and the competition among firms is more based on knowledge than before. To deal with this challenge, some firms are trying to develop knowledge strategies to direct their knowledge management activities, but current strategic performance measurement systems can＇t evaluate the performance of knowledge strategies appropriately. This article develops a performance measurement system for knowledge strategies based on Balanced Scorecard, and simulates the system with an improved Data Envelopment Analysis （DEA） model.

A Knowledge Measure with Parameter of Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets

A new knowledge measure with parameter of intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFSs) is presented based on the membership degree and the non-membership degree of IFSs, which complies with the extended form of Szmidt-Kacprzyk axioms for intuitionistic fuzzy entropy. And a sufficient and necessary condition of order property in the Szmidt-Kacprzyk axioms is discussed. Additionally, some numerical examples are given to illustrate the applications of the proposed knowledge measure and some conventional entropies and knowledge measures of IFSs. The experimental results show that the results of the parametric model proposed in this paper are more accurate than those of most of the classic models.

Competitive Intelligence Management in Knowledge Economy

This paper is to discuss management of competitive Intelligence （CI） from the viewpoint of knowledge management, in which the author creatively uses adapted SECI model to make explanation, and points out the different roles played by individual and organization in this process. At the end of this paper, some implications are given in respect with some fundamental problems with application of individual knowledge and organizational knowledge resulting from their idiosyncrasy, and orientation for CI management.

Mothers’ Knowledge Regarding Preventive Measures of Food Poisoning in Yemen

Background: The WHO considers food poisoning the main cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries, and the responsible for high levels of loss of productivity in developed countries. Objective: The study aims to assess the mothers’ knowledge about preventive measures of food poisoning in Sharaab, Taiz, Yemen. Method: This is a descriptive study. It was conducted in Sharaab, Yemen during period extended from April to November 2014. It involved 180 mothers selected by simple random sampling. Data were collected by using designed structured and pre-tested questionnaire and then were analyzed by (SPSS) Version 20. Result: The findings showed that 60% of mothers have heard about food poisoning. The mothers’ knowledge about transmission of diseases by food was acceptable;68.9% knew. When they were asked to detail the diseases, cholera was the most reported by about 84.4%, diarrhea 50%, and food poisoning 22.2% only. Regarding the mothers’ knowledge about causes of food poisoning, about 65.5% of them mentioned contaminated food, and 49.4% mentioned contaminated hands while 37.2% of them mentioned contaminated utensils. The total knowledge was calculated;it was about 40.72%. Conclusion: It was found that, mothers’ knowledge about preventive measures of food poisoning is not satisfactory concerning most items including: food related diseases, causes of food poisoning and preventive measures for food poisoning such as hand washing, washing vegetables and cooking appropriately. The mothers in Yemen, Taiz, Sharaab have low level of knowledge about food poisoning prevention. There is a need for strengthening the situation through educational sessions.

Knowledge Transfer Framework for Managing Knowledge in Relief Organisations

In recent years,knowledge management(KM)theory has become an omnipresent and important element of organisational development.It includes processes intended to improve organisational effectiveness and it describes the convergence of people,processes,and systems.However,its application is limited to the development of technology for document repository and sharing.To promote new ways of approaching KM,this paper focuses on four knowledge topics:the use of human capital,social capital,structural capital,and artificial intelligence.Accepting that the four components of KM:people,processes,tools,and organisation,are interdependent,nested,and porous,then getting relevant knowledge to those who need it,when they need it,is critical for knowledge transfer.This paper considers whether the recovery of forgotten knowledge will create value for organisations.It proposes a new holistic framework to enhance the transferability of tacit and implicit knowledge in emergency relief organisations.It considers the application of artificial intelligence in the aid sector as a means of achieving this,and it proposes its use for providing ready-to-use knowledge for decision making in emergencies.Using a quantitative and qualitative research approach,this research resolves several ambiguities in the application of the KM discipline within emergency relief organisations.It found that there is no relationship between the employees’age and their attitude to communicating across organisational boundaries to exchange knowledge,yet age is a factor in the use of organisational social networks as a communication tool.Further,it found little difference in the way employees of various designations comprehend the human,structural,and social capital elements of an organisation,yet the importance,selection,and use of each of these elements is dependent on the employees’designation and/or position in the organisational hierarchy.Finally,it found that age is a key factor in the frequency of changing jobs,which contributes to the loss of tacit and implicit knowledge in aid organisations.This paper concludes by providing recommendations for action within each of the five knowledge sharing dimensions:individual,social,managerial,cultural,and structural.

Hygienic and Dietary Measures in Cameroonian Hypertensive Patients Followed at the Douala General Hospital: Knowledge, Compliance and Effect on Blood Pressure Control

Introduction: The management of hypertension is mostly based on pharmacotherapy and hygienic and dietary measures (HDMs) for which little data is available in Cameroon. The concern to improve the quality of life of hypertensive patients led us to study the knowledge, compliance and effect of HDMs among Cameroonian hypertensive patients. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out at the Douala General Hospital;the census of patients was carried out from 05 March to 10 May 2018. The data evaluated were knowledge and compliance with HDMs with an inference of their effect on blood pressure control. Results: We recruited 330 participants at mean age of 60 ± 11 years, 37.9% men;57.3% with blood pressure (BP) controlled. Out of 330 subjects, 308 (93.3%) who had been educated about dietary health measures for hypertension were assessed on knowledge, compliance and effect of these measures against 22 (6.7%) who had never heard about them. Around 85.7% of participants had good knowledge of HDMs and 78.9% had good compliance with them. There was no statistically significant influence of knowledge and compliance with HDMs on blood pressure control. Conclusion: The level of knowledge and adherence to HDMs of hypertensive patients at the Douala General Hospital was appreciable. It is however appropriate for physicians to intensify patient education on HDMs and BP control.

Community Based Flood Risk Management: Local Knowledge and Actor’s Involvement Approach from Lower Karnali River Basin of Nepal

Connecting to the disaster risk reduction (DRR) studies, community-based initiatives are found to be more effective in both developed and developing countries, with a specific focus on the empowerment of local communities to build resilience. Building on social capital theory, the paper investigates on local knowledge (LK) practices experienced by the actors in an emerging economy using the community-based flood risk management (CB-FRM) approach. The qualitative research method was used by collecting data from focused group discussions, and interviews with the key informants including actors from local governments and non-government organizations. Additionally, informal discussions, field visits, and desk studies were undertaken to support the findings. The findings reveal that the local communities carry out various local knowledge experiences to respond during disaster management phases. They own a creative set of approaches based on the LK and that empowers them to live in the flood-prone areas, accepting the paradigm shift from fighting with floods to living with that. The local actor’s involvement is recognized as an essential component for CB-FRM activities. Yet, their program’s implementation is more oriented towards humanitarian assistance in emergency responses. Even, they often overlook the role of LK. Additionally, the results show a high level of presence of local communities during the preparedness and recovery phases, while NGOs and local governments have a medium role in preparedness and low in recovery phase. The lack of local ownership has also emerged as the major challenge. The research provides valuable insights for integrated CB-FRM policies by adopting to LK practices.

Bivariate Logistic Regression of Knowledge as Predictor of the Practice of Female Genital Mutilation in Ekiti State,Nigeria

Female genital mutilation/cutting(FGM/C)is a harmful traditional practice with severe health implications among women and girls.This study determined whether knowledge reduced the practice of female genital mutilation and identified the socio-demographic factors that predicted the practice of female genital among parents in Ekiti State,Nigeria.A cross-sectional quantitative research method was employed among 600 selected parents in the three senatorial districts of Ekiti-State,Nigeria between March and June 2019.A pretested structured questionnaire was used to collect data.Our analysis revealed that 468(78%)of the respondents believed that the practice was high as against 132(22%)who said the practice was low.Female is two times more likely to practice FGM than male(OR=1.614,B=0.479,p<0.05,CI=1.088-2.394).Respondents with low knowledge were significantly 11 times likely to practice female genital mutilation compared with respondents with high knowledge(OR=10.597,B=2.361,p<0.05,CI=6.813-16.483).Those who lived in rural areas were two times significantly(OR=1.690,B=0.525,p<0.05,CI=3.246-13.197)likely to practice female genital mutilation than the urban dwellers.The study concluded that respondents’knowledge,location(urban/rural),sex,age,and ethnicity were strong predictors of the practice of FGM/C in Ekiti-State,Nigeria.With these findings in mind,the community institutions would play a great role in changing the community through spreading information about the health implications of FGM/C for the practice to be drastically reduced.

Research on Knowledge Management in Global Scenarios

The aim of this article is to demonstrate how the opening of economies to the international market has intensified the need for companies to prepare themselves for the challenges and opportunities of globalization,as well as the knowledge of theoretical,technical,and cultural strategies that contribute economically and socially to the population.In this way,this phenomenon demonstrates a dynamic way of doing business,which should be the object of extensive study by the company as well as the academic community,thus enabling reflection and the correct management of the globalization process as well as professionals with specific practices and national and international experiences;obtaining this knowledge stems from technical and behavioral skills as well as skills presented by the individual.In the latter case,the competence models arise to integrate people in organizational models.We applied qualitative research,with consultant testimonials who work in international fields,for the development of this article.We concluded that management knowledge as well as intellectual capital management becomes the greatest challenge for everyone seeking sustainability and success in international business.

Linking Competitors’ Knowledge and Developing Innovative Products Using Data Mining Techniques

In this article, the relationship between the knowledge of competitors and the development of new products in the field of capital medical equipment has been investigated. In order to identify the criteria for measuring competitors’ knowledge and developing new capital medical equipment products, marketing experts were interviewed and then a researcher-made questionnaire was compiled and distributed among the statistical sample of the research. Also, in order to achieve the goals of the research, a questionnaire among 100 members of the statistical community was selected, distributed and collected. To analyze the gathered data, the structural equation modeling (SEM) method was used in the SMART PLS 2 software to estimate the model and then the K-MEAN approach was used to cluster the capital medical equipment market based on the knowledge of actual and potential competitors. The results have shown that the knowledge of potential and actual competitors has a positive and significant effect on the development of new products in the capital medical equipment market. From the point of view of the knowledge of actual competitors, the market of “MRI”, “Ultrasound” and “SPECT” is grouped in the low knowledge cluster;“Pet MRI”, “CT Scan”, “Mammography”, “Radiography, Fluoroscopy and CRM”, “Pet CT”, “SPECT CT” and “Gamma Camera” markets are clustered in the medium knowledge. Finally, “Angiography” and “CBCT” markets are located in the knowledge cluster. From the perspective of knowledge of potential competitors, the market of “angiography”, “mammography”, “SPECT” and “SPECT CT” in the low knowledge cluster, “CT scan”, “radiography, fluoroscopy and CRM”, “pet CT”, “CBCT” markets in the medium knowledge cluster and “MRI”, “pet MRI”, “ultrasound” and “gamma camera” markets in the high knowledge cluster are located.

Embedding Knowledge Management in Public Sector Procurement： Redesigning for the Knowledge Economy

There is a perception in the public, political, and trade discourse that private sector procurement performs ＂better＂ than does public sector procurement. This research considers whether this perception is justified. This paper proposes a conceptual framework for assessing issues that influence procurement performance. The framework takes into account the organization＇s business goals, its procurement principles, the design of its procurement capability, the intellectual capital or knowledge that is used to support procurement operations, and the use of knowledge management methods. To represent these factors, the framework adapts the conceptual framework proposed by McElroy （2002）, leverages Andriessen＇s （2005） characterization of intellectual capital, and adopts Bedford＇s （2012） description of the practice of knowledge management. The results, though preliminary and exploratory, suggest that factors which are more often practiced in the private sector than the public sector contribute to higher performance.

Knowledge Discovery from Dynamic Data on a Nonlinear System

A method is presented for performing knowledge discovery on the dynamic data of a nonlinear system. In the proposed approach, a synchronized phasor measurement technique is used to acquire the dynamic data of the nonlinear system and a hyper-rectangular type neural network (HRTNN) is then applied to extract crisp and fuzzy rules with which to estimate the system stability. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology is verified using the dynamic data of a typical real-world nonlinear system, namely an AEP-14 bus, and the extracted rules are relating to the knowledge discovery of the stability levels for the nonlinear system. The discovered relationships among the dynamic data (i.e., the operating state), the extracted rules, and the system stability are confirmed by means of a two-stage confirmatory factor analysis.