Incorporation ofκ-carrageenan improves the practical features of agar/konjac glucomannan/κ-carrageenan ternary system

Three materials(agar,konjac glucomannan(KGM)andκ-carrageenan)were used to prepare ternary systems,i.e.,sol-gels and their dried composites conditioned at varied relative humidity(RH)(33%,54%and 75%).Combined methods,e.g.,scanning electron microscopy,small-angle X-ray scattering,infrared spectroscopy(IR)and X-ray diffraction(XRD),were used to disclose howκ-carrageenan addition tailors the features of agar/KGM/κ-carrageenan ternary system.As affirmed by IR and XRD,the ternary systems withκ-carrageenan below 25%(agar/KGM/carrageenan,50:25:25,m/m)displayed proper component interactions,which increased the sol-gel transition temperature and the hardness of obtained gels.For instance,the ternary composites could show hardness about 3 to 4 times higher than that for binary counterpart.These gels were dehydrated to acquire ternary composites.Compared to agar/KGM composite,the ternary composites showed fewer crystallites and nanoscale orders,and newly-formed nanoscale structures from chain assembly.Such multi-scale structures,for composites withκ-carrageenan below 25%,showed weaker changes with RH,as revealed by especially morphologic and crystalline features.Consequently,the ternary composites with lessκ-carrageenan(below 25%)exhibited stabilized elongation at break and hydrophilicity at different RHs.This hints to us that agar/KGM/κ-carrageenan composite systems can display series applications with improved features,e.g.,increased sol-gel transition point.

油茶林下种植魔芋技术及效益分析

为提高成龄油茶(Camellia oleifera Abel.)林土地利用效率与综合产值,研究油茶+魔芋(Amorphophallus konjac)林农复合种植模式,探讨该模式下的种植技术及病虫害防治技术,并对其经济效益、社会效益和生态效益进行综合评价。结果表明,油茶林下种植魔芋的复合种植模式充分发挥了林地空间资源优势,达到以短养长,以农促林的效果,可有效解决油茶生产经营成本较高的问题,为油茶林复合经营提供参考。

Effect of carboxymethyl konjac glucomannan coating on curcumin-loaded multilayered emulsion:stability evaluation

The stability against various environmental stresses of the curcumin-loaded secondary and tertiary emulsions that was emulsified by whey protein isolate(WPI)and coated by chitosan(CHI),carboxymethyl konjac glucomannan(CMKGM),or their combination through layer-by-layer assembly was investigated.Generally,the multilayered emulsions were destabilized in high Na Cl concentrations or medium p H that could interrupt the electrostatic interaction between the three polyelectrolytes or deprotonate CHI,indicating that electrostatic interaction played an important role in the stability of emulsions.Compared with the primary emulsion that was solely stabilized by WPI,extra coating with CHI and CMKGM generally increased the stability of the emulsion against repeated freezing-thawing,improved the retention of curcumin against heating,UV irradiation,and long-term storage,and the effects were more remarkable in the tertiary emulsion with CMKGM locating in the outmost layer.Since CMKGM has shown the colon-targeted delivery potency,the multilayered emulsions assembled by layer-by-layer deposition,especially the tertiary emulsion,could be used as an effective carrier for the targeted delivery of curcumin.

Research Progress in Biological Control of Soft Rot of Amorphophallus konjac

In this paper,the main control methods of soft rot of Amorphophallus konjac are reviewed,with a focus on the current research status of using plant growth promoting rhizobacteria for biological control of soft rot of A.konjac,and future research directions are looked forward to.

NaOH处理对胶原蛋白、葡甘聚糖、壳聚糖共混膜结构和性能的影响(英文)

利用溶液共混法制备了胶原蛋白-葡甘聚糖-壳聚糖共混膜,通过红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透光率表征了NaOH溶液处理前后共混膜的结构形貌,并结合X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和不同pH值下的溶胀吸水率测试,系统分析了NaOH溶液处理对共混膜中胶原蛋白、葡甘聚糖与壳聚糖的相互作用、共混膜结构、表面性质和吸水性的影响。结果表明,共混膜中几种高分子之间存在强烈的相互作用和良好的相容性,NaOH溶液处理明显改变了共混膜的结构形貌、表面性质和吸水性。

植物生长调节剂在魔芋愈伤组织培养中的应用研究

以MS为基本培养基,通过与植物生长调节剂结合形成不同的组合培养基,采用野生的魔芋(Amorphophalms konjac)块茎为外植体,经过严格的消毒处理后用于试验。结果显示,在MS+1.0mg/L 6-BA+0.5mg/L NAA的培养基上容易诱导愈伤组织且效果好,MS+1.0mg/L 6-BA+1.0mg/LNAA适合做愈伤组织的增殖培养基,在MS+2.0mg/L 6-BA+0.5mg/L NAA的培养基上容易诱导出不定芽,在1/2MS+1.0mg/L 6-BA+1.0mg/L NAA的培养基上容易诱导出不定根;在愈伤组织的褐化上,采用降低无机盐和激素浓度、合理使用植物生长调节剂以及控制光照,可取得良好效果。

农田草本植物控制魔芋软腐病的效果分析

植物多样性对魔芋(Amorphophallus konjac)软腐病有较好的控制效果。此试验通过对农田草本植物采用不同的管理方式,设5个杂草处理。处理A:草高于魔芋后清除1次杂草;处理B:7、8月各清除1次杂草;处理C:将高于魔芋的杂草在低于魔芋叶片处剪断;处理D:杂草自然生长;CK:没有杂草,即随时除净杂草。研究农田草本植物对魔芋软腐病的控制效果及对产量的影响。试验结果表明:处理B的控病、增产效果最好。处理A、B、C防控魔芋软腐病的效果与处理D相比,在1%水平上差异显著。处理A、B的产量与处理D相比,在1%水平上差异显著。处理A、B的产量与CK相比,在5%水平上差异显著。CK的产量与处理D相比,在5%水平上差异显著。

Screening of Antagonistic Actinomyces against Soft Rot of Amorphophallus konjac and Its Antibacterial Activity

[Objective] Antagonistic actinomyces of Amorphophallus konjac soft rot were isolated from the soil,the antibacterial activity of the fermentation was detected,and its active components were separated.[Method] The antagonistic actinomycetes were screened using plate confrontation culture method.The SJK18 antagonistic strain with strong activity was conducted single-factor tests using different carbon sources,nitrogen sources,temperatures and pH value as the culture condition,and the antibacterial activities of fermentation liquid was determined,respectively.The fermentation liquid of antagonistic strain was extracted with alcohol and acetic ester,and their antibacterial activities were determined.[Result] A total of 112 strains of actinomycetes were obtained,and 11 strains had antibacterial activity.The antibacterial activity of SJK18 strain was the strongest in the single-factor test,when the corn powder was adopted as the carbon sources,KNO3 was the nitrogen source,the temperature was 30 ℃ and the pH was 6.0,the appropriate pH value for the activity was 5.5-10.0.The diameters of inhibition zone of alcohol extract and raffinate of ethyl acetate were 17.0 and 20.0 mm,respectively,while the extraction of ethyl acetate had no antibacterial activity.[Conclusion] A strain of actinomyces with strong antibacterial activity against soft rot of A.konjac was obtained.

纤维素酶降解-离子色谱法测定魔芋中的亚硝酸盐

建立了以纤维素酶降解魔芋葡甘聚糖释放阴离子,然后采用离子色谱测定亚硝酸盐含量的方法。考察了纤维素酶降解葡甘聚糖的最佳条件,结果表明：在50℃、pH5.5条件下酶解24h,可以释放出被包埋的亚硝酸盐。NO2-的检出限为0.039mg/L,回收率为96.7%-97.8%。运用本法对施用稀土微肥后魔芋中亚硝酸盐的含量进行测定,发现施用稀土微肥能够在一定程度上降低魔芋中亚硝酸盐的含量。

不同遮阴度对魔芋软腐病的影响

通过调节魔芋(Amorphophallus konjac)/玉米(Zea mays L.)套作的种植密度来控制遮阴度,研究了不同遮阴度对魔芋软腐病发生的影响。结果表明,套作时玉米的种植密度在18 000～22 500株/hm2,魔芋的种植密度为37 500～45 000株/hm2时可显著降低魔芋软腐病的发生率。

花魔芋离体再生体系的建立

以花魔芋（Amorphophallus konjac）为材料比较不同灭菌方式对不同外植体的灭菌效果及生长的影响,不同激素浓度及组合对魔芋愈伤组织、不定芽诱导的影响,探讨了固液2种培养方式对继代培养的影响。结果表明：球茎和根状茎均可作为较为理想的外植体;魔芋愈伤组织诱导最适激素组合为MS＋1.0mg/L 6-BA＋1.0 mg/L NAA,最适不定芽诱导培养基为MS＋2.0~2.5 mg/L 6-BA＋0.5 mg/L NAA或MS＋0.5mg/L TDZ＋0.1 mg/L NAA;液体培养更适合魔芋愈伤的继代增殖,其不定芽平均增殖率可达4.69。

人工诱导珠芽黄魔芋开花结子研究

以珠芽黄魔芋(Amorphophallus konjac K.Koch)2个量级球茎为供试材料,采用喷施不同浓度梯度生长素和赤霉素等体积混合溶液,以及光照、自然阴干、花芽分化后和分化前埋入基质中的技术手段,探究人工诱导珠芽黄魔芋开花结子的方法。结果表明,2.0 kg及以上球茎的开花率均要高于1.0~1.5 kg的球茎,最高的开花率达93.33%;2.0 kg及以上球茎在光照处理条件下,生长调节剂浓度配比为1∶1 200,花芽分化后埋入基质中的结子率最高,达81.11%;2.0 kg及以上球茎在自然阴干处理条件下,生长调节剂浓度配比为1∶800,花芽分化后埋入基质中的种子数量最多,达4 442粒,繁殖倍数将近300倍。2.0 kg及以上的球茎,生长调节剂浓度配比为1∶400~1∶1 200,花芽分化后埋入基质中的方法可在生产实践中推广应用。

四种农药对魔芋软腐病病原菌的毒力测定

用抑菌圈法,在室内研究4种农药对魔芋(Amorphophallus konjac)软腐病病原菌的毒力大小。结果表明,4种农药对魔芋软腐病病原菌的毒杀力不同。以0.075%苦参碱的效果最佳,其EC_(50)为0.689 mg/L,其次为10.5%烟枯净,EC_(50)为0.950 mg/L,再次为36%农用硫酸链霉素,其EC_(50)为2.727 mg/L,12.5%氯溴异氰尿酸效果最差,其EC_(50)为4.821 mg/L。

Rapid DNA Extraction Method from Amorphophallas.konjac and ISSR-PCR Amplification

[Objective]The research aimed to study the total DNA extraction methods of Amorphophallas.konjac.[Method]To investigate the optimum DNA extraction method,CTAB,SDS and new modified methods for isolating genomic DNA from Amorphophallas.konjac leaf were studied and the isolated DNAs were examined by ultraviolet absorption test,agarose gel electrophoresis and ISSR-PCR test for comparative analysis.[Result]The results showed that the new modified method was suitable for DNA isolation from Amorphophallas.konjac plants with high purity and yield;quality of DNA could meet ISSR-PCR requirement even extracted once by the new modified method.[Conclusion]The study provided basis for extracting high quality DNA sample,and offered the molecular genetics reference for exploring the genetic diversity of Amorphophallas.konjac.

A Preliminary Study of Rotundine-Polyion Complex Release System

A rotundine-polyion complex(PIC)release system was prepared first by granulation of rotundine containing chitosan acetate solution and then by complexing with carboxymethyl glucomannan(CMGM)solution on the granular surface.The granules have an average diameter of 1.38-1.53 mm and the drug content reaches 62.89％.The external release tests showed T_(50) to be 45 rain and the total release time 4 h in an artificial gastric juice,while no more than 60％ of the drug was released in the same period of time in an ar- tificial intestinal fluid.The various factors affecting the external release were examined.

Effects of Nitrogen, Phosphate and Potassium Fertilizers on Soft Rot of Konjac Based on Grey Correlation Analysis

[Objective] The effects of different application amounts of nitrogen, phos-phate and potassium fertilizers on soft rot of konjac were investigated in this study. [Method] The grey correlation analysis was adopted to evaluate the correlation be-tween the application amount of nitrogen, phosphate and potassium fertilizers and the occurrence of soft rot of konjac. [Result] The excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer would induce the occurrence of soft rot of konjac, but the application of potassium fertilizer had a good control effect on soft rot. [Conclusion] The applica-tion amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be control ed reasonably in the planting of konjac, but the application amount of phosphate and potassium fertilizer could be in-creased to some extent, reducing the occurrence of soft rot of konjac.

采用星点设计-响应面法制备魔芋片剂

以魔芋(Amorphophallus konjac)精粉为主要材料,采用星点设计-响应面法优化制备工艺。结果表明,0.24 g羟甲基淀粉钠、0.05 g硬脂酸镁、0.24 g聚维酮K 30、2.1 g可压性淀粉,所得片剂崩解性能优良,指标符合《中华人民共和国药典》2010版中对于片剂质量要求的相关规定。采用星点设计法优化魔芋片剂的制备工艺,其预测性良好,制得的魔芋片剂具有成型好、精确度高、稳定性好等特点。

一种分子检测魔芋中黄瓜花叶病毒的方法

为建立魔芋(Amorphophallus konjac)中黄瓜花叶病毒的有效检测方法,采用ELISA、RT-PCR、Realtime PCR检测魔芋中黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV)。结果表明,由于黄瓜花叶病毒在魔芋叶片中带毒量少且不稳定,ELISA酶联检测法和RT-PCR均不能有效检测出黄瓜花叶病毒,只有Real-time PCR方法才能将其检出。研究结果为魔芋中黄瓜花叶病毒快速、准确的分子鉴定提供了技术支持。

魔芋软腐病药、肥综合防控效果试验

用细菌特克、NEB、那氏778诱导剂、正大营养宝等药剂和肥料对魔芋(Amorphophallus konjac)软腐病防控效果进行比较研究。结果表明,就单药剂和肥料而言,对软腐病防效最好的是那氏778诱导剂,其次是NEB,而正大营养宝和细菌特克效果差不多;就复合剂型而言,最好的是那氏778诱导剂+NEB+细菌特克,其次为那氏778诱导剂+细菌特克+正大营养宝。

魔芋芋花叶病毒的检测

为评价魔芋(Amorphophallus konjac)体内芋花叶病毒检测方法,利用人工接种芋花叶病毒的魔芋作为试验材料,分别采用DAS-ELISA、RT-PCR、荧光定量PCR等3种方法进行检测。结果表明,对于人工接种芋花叶病毒1周,植株出现有明显病征的魔芋,荧光定量PCR检测的灵敏度最高、RT-PCR次之,而DAS-ELISA酶联检测法灵敏度较低。