Detection of Fabric Defects with Fuzzy Label Co-occurrence Matrix Set

Co-occurrence matrices have been successfully applied in texture classification and segmentation.However,they have poor computation performance in real-time application.In this paper,the efficient co-occurrence matrix solution for defect detection is focused on,and a method of Fuzzy Label Co-occurrence Matrix (FLCM) set is proposed.In this method,all gray levels are supposed to subject to some fuzzy sets called fuzzy tonal sets and three defective features are defined.Features of FLCM set with various parameters are combined for the final judgment.Unlike many methods,image acquired for learning hasn't to be entirely free of defects.It is shown that the method produces high accuracy and can be a competent candidate for plain colour fabric defect detection.

Machine learning prediction model for gray-level co-occurrence matrix features of synchronous liver metastasis in colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND Synchronous liver metastasis(SLM)is a significant contributor to morbidity in colorectal cancer(CRC).There are no effective predictive device integration algorithms to predict adverse SLM events during the diagnosis of CRC.AIM To explore the risk factors for SLM in CRC and construct a visual prediction model based on gray-level co-occurrence matrix(GLCM)features collected from magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).METHODS Our study retrospectively enrolled 392 patients with CRC from Yichang Central People’s Hospital from January 2015 to May 2023.Patients were randomly divided into a training and validation group(3:7).The clinical parameters and GLCM features extracted from MRI were included as candidate variables.The prediction model was constructed using a generalized linear regression model,random forest model(RFM),and artificial neural network model.Receiver operating characteristic curves and decision curves were used to evaluate the prediction model.RESULTS Among the 392 patients,48 had SLM(12.24%).We obtained fourteen GLCM imaging data for variable screening of SLM prediction models.Inverse difference,mean sum,sum entropy,sum variance,sum of squares,energy,and difference variance were listed as candidate variables,and the prediction efficiency(area under the curve)of the subsequent RFM in the training set and internal validation set was 0.917[95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.866-0.968]and 0.09(95%CI:0.858-0.960),respectively.CONCLUSION A predictive model combining GLCM image features with machine learning can predict SLM in CRC.This model can assist clinicians in making timely and personalized clinical decisions.

Artificial intelligence on diabetic retinopathy diagnosis: an automatic classification method based on grey level co-occurrence matrix and naive Bayesian model

AIM: To develop an automatic tool on screening diabetic retinopathy(DR) from diabetic patients.METHODS: We extracted textures from eye fundus images of each diabetes subject using grey level co-occurrence matrix method and trained a Bayesian model based on these textures. The receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve was used to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of the Bayesian model.RESULTS: A total of 1000 eyes fundus images from diabetic patients in which 298 eyes were diagnosed as DR by two ophthalmologists. The Bayesian model was trained using four extracted textures including contrast, entropy, angular second moment and correlation using a training dataset. The Bayesian model achieved a sensitivity of 0.949 and a specificity of 0.928 in the validation dataset. The area under the ROC curve was 0.938, and the 10-fold cross validation method showed that the average accuracy rate is 93.5%.CONCLUSION: Textures extracted by grey level cooccurrence can be useful information for DR diagnosis, and a trained Bayesian model based on these textures can be an effective tool for DR screening among diabetic patients.

Binary Image Steganalysis Based on Distortion Level Co-Occurrence Matrix

In recent years,binary image steganography has developed so rapidly that the research of binary image steganalysis becomes more important for information security.In most state-of-the-art binary image steganographic schemes,they always find out the flippable pixels to minimize the embedding distortions.For this reason,the stego images generated by the previous schemes maintain visual quality and it is hard for steganalyzer to capture the embedding trace in spacial domain.However,the distortion maps can be calculated for cover and stego images and the difference between them is significant.In this paper,a novel binary image steganalytic scheme is proposed,which is based on distortion level co-occurrence matrix.The proposed scheme first generates the corresponding distortion maps for cover and stego images.Then the co-occurrence matrix is constructed on the distortion level maps to represent the features of cover and stego images.Finally,support vector machine,based on the gaussian kernel,is used to classify the features.Compared with the prior steganalytic methods,experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can effectively detect stego images.

3D Gray Level Co-Occurrence Matrix Based Classification of Favor Benign and Borderline Types in Follicular Neoplasm Images

Since the efficiency of treatment of thyroid disorder depends on the risk of malignancy, indeterminate follicular neoplasm (FN) images should be classified. The diagnosis process has been done by visual interpretation of experienced pathologists. However, it is difficult to separate the favor benign from borderline types. Thus, this paper presents a classification approach based on 3D nuclei model to classify favor benign and borderline types of follicular thyroid adenoma (FTA) in cytological specimens. The proposed method utilized 3D gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) and random forest classifier. It was applied to 22 data sets of FN images. Furthermore, the use of 3D GLCM was compared with 2D GLCM to evaluate the classification results. From experimental results, the proposed system achieved 95.45% of the classification. The use of 3D GLCM was better than 2D GLCM according to the accuracy of classification. Consequently, the proposed method probably helps a pathologist as a prescreening tool.

A Combination of Feature Selection and Co-occurrence Matrix Methods for Leukocyte Recognition System

A leukocyte recognition system, as part of a differential blood counter system, is very important in hematology field. In this paper, the propose system aims to automatically classify the white blood cells (leukocytes) on a given microscopic image. The classifications of leukocytes are performed based on the combination of color and texture features of the blood cell images. The developed system classifies the leukocytes in one of the five categories (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes). In the preprocessing stage, the system starts with converting the microscopic images from Red Green Blue (RGB) color space to Hue Saturation Value (HSV) color space. Next, the system splits the Hue and Saturation features from the Value feature. For both Hue and Saturation features, the system processes their color information using the Feature Selection method and the Window Cropping method;while the Value feature is processed by its texture information using the Co-occurrence matrix method. The final recognition stage is performed using the Euclidean distance method. The combination of the Feature Selection and Co-occurrence Matrix methods gives the best overall recognition accuracies for classifying leukocyte images.

Material microstructures analyzed by using gray level Co-occurrence matrices

The mechanical properties of materials greatly depend on the microstructure morphology. The quantitative characterization of material microstructures is essential for the performance prediction and hence the material design. At present,the quantitative characterization methods mainly rely on the microstructure characterization of shape, size, distribution,and volume fraction, which related to the mechanical properties. These traditional methods have been applied for several decades and the subjectivity of human factors induces unavoidable errors. In this paper, we try to bypass the traditional operations and identify the relationship between the microstructures and the material properties by the texture of image itself directly. The statistical approach is based on gray level Co-occurrence matrix（GLCM）, allowing an objective and repeatable study on material microstructures. We first present how to identify GLCM with the optimal parameters, and then apply the method on three systems with different microstructures. The results show that GLCM can reveal the interface information and microstructures complexity with less human impact. Naturally, there is a good correlation between GLCM and the mechanical properties.

A Holographic Diffraction Label Recognition Algorithm Based on Fusion Double Tensor Features

As an efficient technique for anti-counterfeiting,holographic diffraction labels has been widely applied to various fields.Due to their unique feature,traditional image recognition algorithms are not ideal for the holographic diffraction label recognition.Since a tensor preserves the spatiotemporal features of an original sample in the process of feature extraction,in this paper we propose a new holographic diffraction label recognition algorithm that combines two tensor features.The HSV(Hue Saturation Value)tensor and the HOG(Histogram of Oriented Gradient)tensor are used to represent the color information and gradient information of holographic diffraction label,respectively.Meanwhile,the tensor decomposition is performed by high order singular value decomposition,and tensor decomposition matrices are obtained.Taking into consideration of the different recognition capabilities of decomposition matrices,we design a decomposition matrix similarity fusion strategy using a typical correlation analysis algorithm and projection from similarity vectors of different decomposition matrices to the PCA(Principal Component Analysis)sub-space,then,the sub-space performs KNN(K-Nearest Neighbors)classification is performed.The effectiveness of our fusion strategy is verified by experiments.Our double tensor recognition algorithm complements the recognition capability of different tensors to produce better recognition performance for the holographic diffraction label system.

Altered expression of nuclear matrix proteins in etoposide induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells

The events of cell death and the expression of nuclear matrix protein (NMP) have been investigated in a promyelocytic leukemic cell line HL-60 induced with etoposide. By means of TUNEL assay, the nuclei displayed a characteristic morphology change, and the amount of apoptotic cells increased early and reached maximun about 39% after treatment with etoposide for 2 h. Nucleosomal DNA fragmentation was observed after treatment for 4 h. The morphological change of HL-60 cells, thus, occurred earlier than the appearance of DNA ladder. Total nuclear matrix proteins were analyzed by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Differential expression of 59 nuclear matrix proteins was found in 4 h etoposide treated cells. Western blotting was then performed on three nuclear matrix acssociated proteins, PML, HSC70 and NuMA. The expression of the suppressor PML protein and heat shock protein HSC70 were significantly upregulated after etoposide treatment, while NuMA, a nuclear mitotic apparatus protein, was down regulated. These results demonstrate that significant biochemical alterations in nuclear matrix proteins take place during the apoptotic process.

Non-random tissue distribution of human na ve umbilical cord matrix stem cells

AIM: To determine the tissue and temporal distribution of human umbilical cord matrix stem (hUCMS) cells in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice. METHODS: For studying the localization of hUCMS cells, tritiated thymidine-labeled hUCMS cells were injected in SCID mice and tissue distribution was quantitatively determined using a liquid scintillation counter at days 1, 3, 7 and 14. Furthermore, an immunofluorescence detection technique was employed in which anti-human mitochondrial antibody was used to identify hUCMS cells in mouse tissues. In order to visualize the distribution of transplanted hUCMS cells in H&E stained tissue sections, India Black ink 4415 was used to label the hUCMS cells. RESULTS: When tritiated thymidine-labeled hUCMS cells were injected systemically (iv) in female SCID mice, the lung was the major site of accumulation at 24 h after transplantation. With time, the cells migrated to other tissues, and on day three, the spleen, stomach, and small and large intestines were the major accumulation sites. On day seven, a relatively large amount of radioactivity was detected in the adrenal gland, uterus, spleen, lung, and digestive tract. In addition, labeled cells had crossed the blood brain barrier by day 1. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that peripherally injected hUCMS cells distribute quantitatively in a tissue-specific manner throughout the body.

An optimized run-length based algorithm for sparse remote sensing image labeling

Labeling of the connected components is the key operation of the target recognition and segmentation in remote sensing images.The conventional connected-component labeling(CCL) algorithms for ordinary optical images are considered time-consuming in processing the remote sensing images because of the larger size.A dynamic run-length based CCL algorithm(Dy RLC) is proposed in this paper for the large size,big granularity sparse remote sensing image,such as space debris images and ship images.In addition,the equivalence matrix method is proposed to help design the pre-processing method to accelerate the equivalence labels resolving.The result shows our algorithm outperforms 22.86% on execution time than the other algorithms in space debris image dataset.The proposed algorithm also can be implemented on the field programming logical array(FPGA) to enable the realization of the real-time processing on-board.

The Totally Non-positive Matrix Completion Problem

In this paper, the totally non-positive matrix is introduced. The totally non-positive completion asks which partial totally non-positive matrices have a completion to a totally non-positive matrix. This problem has. in general, a negative answer. Therefore, our question is for what kind of labeled graphs G each partial totally non-positive matrix whose associated graph is G has a totally non-positive completion? If G is not a monotonically labeled graph or monotonically labeled cycle, we give necessary and sufficient conditions that guarantee the existence of the desired completion.

基于加权非负矩阵分解的异常声音检测方法研究

异常声音检测方法多用强标签数据进行训练,而高质量的强标签音频数据标注难度较大、收集成本高昂。针对现有异常音频检测方法使用弱标签数据会受到非平稳和时变噪声的干扰,导致训练结果较差、准确率低的问题,提出一种基于音频频谱的加权非负矩阵分解WNMF方法。该方法使用WNMF对弱标签和无标签数据进行标记,并分离目标声音事件和背景噪声。在适当的权值下,WNMF改变标记时不同频段音频信息的重要性,以抑制噪声,提高分离质量,使其逼近全监督模型训练的效果;之后使用卷积神经网络产生帧级预测和音频标签预测。仿真实验结果表明,该方法的准确率相比于传统NMF处理弱标签数据的方法提升了4.8%。

多项正则化约束的伪标签传播优化脑电信号聚类

作为一种非侵入式分析载体,脑电信号目前被广泛应用于脑-机接口、医疗辅助诊断及康复领域,但这些应用通常依赖需要完整标签的有监督分析技术,如分类.随着无标签脑电信号的与日俱增,现有的有监督方法不能有效解决无标签脑电信号分析问题,也在一定程度上限制了无标签脑电信号这类新型数据的应用拓展.为了解决无标签脑电信号的无监督分析问题,提出了一种基于多项正则化约束的伪标签传播优化聚类模型.该模型通过同时优化学习伪标签传播矩阵、脑电信号相似度邻接矩阵、标签分类器的方式实现聚类.将提出的脑电信号聚类模型转化为一个多目标优化问题,并提出了一种基于梯度下降策略的聚类算法EEGapc(electroencephalogram clustering with pseudo label propagation).该算法不仅充分考虑了脑电信号之间的相关性及脑电信号间的信息传递,还能快速收敛到局部最优.在14个真实脑电信号数据集上的实验结果表明,提出的EEGapc脑电信号聚类算法比现有的8种聚类算法性能更好,且在平均NMI(normalized mutual information),ARI(adjusted rand index),F-score,kappa这4个指标上,EEGapc与现有的8种聚类算法相比,分别至少提升了86.88%,58.01%,6.29%,61.17%.

基于标签挖掘的个性化推荐算法

基于标签的推荐算法中存在两个主要缺陷,缺乏用户对于标签偏好值的量化,以及不同标签在用户使用中所占权重。为此提出一种从标签角度出发的个性化推荐算法。分析用户历史行为中使用过的标签,根据用户历史行为建立用户的标签兴趣模型,利用标签兴趣模型计算用户对不同标签的偏好值;统计用户的历史评分记录,计算不同标签所占权重;将两者进行线性组合,得出用户对标签的兴趣度。利用余弦相似度,计算用户偏好相似度,将用户偏好相似度引入到矩阵分解模型中,进行项目评分预测和推荐。实验结果表明,在MovieLens数据集上,该算法相比于传统算法LFM和SVD++在RMSE上分别降低了5.00%和1.41%,在MAE上分别降低了5.07%和1.00%。

Automatic Identification of Butterfly Species Based on Gray-Level Co-occurrence Matrix Features of Image Block

In recent years, automatic identification of butterfly species arouses more and more attention in different areas. Because most of their larvae are pests, this research is not only meaningful for the popularization of science but also important to the agricultural production and the environment. Texture as a notable feature is widely used in digital image recognition technology; for describing the texture, an extremely effective method, graylevel co-occurrence matrix(GLCM), has been proposed and used in automatic identification systems. However,according to most of the existing works, GLCM is computed by the whole image, which likely misses some important features in local areas. To solve this problem, this paper presents a new method based on the GLCM features extruded from three image blocks, and a weight-based k-nearest neighbor(KNN) search algorithm used for classifier design. With this method, a butterfly classification system works on ten butterfly species which are hard to identify by shape features. The final identification accuracy is 98%.

基于SRKDA的系统故障演化过程分解方法研究

为研究系统故障演化过程中可能蕴含的多种演化特征,对演化过程的分解进行研究,提出基于谱回归核判别分析(SRKDA)的演化过程分解方法。首先介绍演化过程的特点和分解原理,其次论证对象集合对演化过程的可表示性,给出分解方法流程,最后进行实例分析。研究结果表明:分解演化过程本质上是对象与系统功能状态对应关系的确定,各对象集合都对应了各自的子演化过程;线性和非线性条件下对象可表示各种功能状态;对象标签矩阵须满足标签值的均匀分布特征;使用SRKDA算法可以确定最大准确度和最优对象标签集合,实现演化过程的分解;实例分析得到在20000次迭代后最大准确度为0.85,3个子演化过程分别包含41,33,26个对象。研究结果可为系统故障过程的特征分析提供参考方法。

基于标记可辨识矩阵的增量式属性约简算法

针对现有增量式属性约简算法中存在的约简传承性差以及不完备现象,提出基于标记可辨识矩阵的增量式属性约简算法.本文首先定义了标记函数,对样本之间的可辨识性进行分类,并将之引入一个新的可辨识矩阵,在新增样本时,结合标记信息可以快速识别可辨识矩阵元素集的异动,获得强传承性的约简超集,在此基础上,设计与标记可辨识矩阵匹配的必要矩阵,用以快速判断并删除冗余属性,确保约简的完备性.理论分析以及实验测试表明,本算法具有约简传承性强,约简集完备等特点,具有较强的实用性.

一种基于标签关联关系的微博推荐方法

通过分析微博特点及现有微博推荐发现算法的缺陷,提出一种新的微博推荐方法。采用标签检索策略对未加标签和标签较少的用户进行加标,构建用户-标签矩阵,得到用户-标签权重并利用标签信息表征用户兴趣。为解决该矩阵中高维稀疏的问题,通过挖掘标签间的关联关系,继而更新用户-标签矩阵,获得最终的用户兴趣并进行相关推荐。实验结果表明,与忽略标签间关系的微博推荐方法相比,该推荐方法能够更有效地进行微博推荐。

基于类别共生矩阵的纹理疵点检测方法

根据有规则纹理的特点,提出了基于类别的共生矩阵来描述纹理特征,从而很好地将正常纹理与疵点区分开.分析了传统的灰度共生矩阵在计算纹理特征时计算量大,且分辨能力差的缺点.为了克服灰度共生矩阵在计算量和分辨能力上的缺点,定义了类别共生矩阵.在类别共生矩阵的算法中,首先学习纹理的一些基本特征以确定类别共生矩阵的一些关键参数,如纹理的概率密度分布、纹理的主方向和周期,以及分类准则等重要参数,然后计算类别共生矩阵并提取白疵点增强、黑疵点增强和一致度等三个特征,最后采用异常点检测的方法即可很好地区分正常纹理和疵点.实验证明,该方法比已有的灰度共生矩阵计算量小,并具有更突出的分辨纹理和疵点的能力.