Social parasitic Hymenopterans have evolved morphological, chemical, and behavioral adaptations to overcome the sophisticated recognition and defense systems of their social host to invade host nests and exploit their...Social parasitic Hymenopterans have evolved morphological, chemical, and behavioral adaptations to overcome the sophisticated recognition and defense systems of their social host to invade host nests and exploit their worker force. In bumblebees, so- cial parasitism appeared in at least 3 subgenera independently： in the subgenus Psithyrus consisting entirely of parasitic species, in the subgenus Alpinobombus with Bombus hy- perboreus, and in the subgenus Thoracobombus with B. inexspectatus. Cuckoo bumblebee males utilize species-specific cephalic labial gland secretions for mating purposes that can impact their inquiline strategy. We performed cephalic labial gland secretions in B. hyperboreus, B. inexspectatus and their hosts. Males of both parasitic species exhibited high species specific levels of cephalic gland secretions, including different main com- pounds. Our results showed no chemical mimicry in the cephalic gland secretions between inquilines and their host and we did not identify the repellent compounds already known in other cuckoo bumblebees.展开更多
目的探讨干燥综合征(Sjögren’s syndrome,SS)下唇唾液腺MRI特征及其诊断效能。材料与方法回顾性分析232例临床可疑SS患者的临床及下唇唾液腺MRI检查资料,按2016年美国风湿病学会/欧洲抗风湿病联盟共同制订的SS分类标准分为SS组(15...目的探讨干燥综合征(Sjögren’s syndrome,SS)下唇唾液腺MRI特征及其诊断效能。材料与方法回顾性分析232例临床可疑SS患者的临床及下唇唾液腺MRI检查资料,按2016年美国风湿病学会/欧洲抗风湿病联盟共同制订的SS分类标准分为SS组(155例)与非干燥综合征(non-Sjögren’s syndrome,NS)组(77例)。观察下唇唾液腺T1WI、T2WI-非对称回波的最小二乘估算法迭代水脂分离(iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetric and least-squares estimation,IDEAL)水相影像特征(腺体体积、脂肪含量、信号特点)。基于T2WI-IDEAL水相应用ITK-SNAP软件测量、计算下唇唾液腺体积、信号强度的均值和标准差,并行单因素和多因素分析,通过二元logistic回归建立多因素联合预测模型,应用受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线评价独立影响因素及联合预测模型对SS的诊断效能。结果SS组与NS组分别有48例、12例患者下唇唾液腺MRI表现为腺体萎缩伴腺体间脂肪组织增多,T2WI-IDEAL水相信号不均匀减低,组间差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=5.316,P=0.023)。下唇唾液腺体积、信号强度标准差的组间差异有统计学意义(Z=-3.260、-2.803;P=0.001、0.005),是SS的独立影响因素(OR=0.999、1.014;P=0.001、0.003),预测SS的曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)分别为0.629[95%置信区间(confidence internal,CI):0.553~0.704]、0.613(95%CI:0.534~0.692),两者联合预测模型的AUC值为0.682(95%CI:0.608~0.756)。结论SS下唇唾液腺MRI特征为腺体萎缩和信号不均,根据唇腺体积及信号强度标准差预测SS有一定诊断价值。展开更多
文摘Social parasitic Hymenopterans have evolved morphological, chemical, and behavioral adaptations to overcome the sophisticated recognition and defense systems of their social host to invade host nests and exploit their worker force. In bumblebees, so- cial parasitism appeared in at least 3 subgenera independently： in the subgenus Psithyrus consisting entirely of parasitic species, in the subgenus Alpinobombus with Bombus hy- perboreus, and in the subgenus Thoracobombus with B. inexspectatus. Cuckoo bumblebee males utilize species-specific cephalic labial gland secretions for mating purposes that can impact their inquiline strategy. We performed cephalic labial gland secretions in B. hyperboreus, B. inexspectatus and their hosts. Males of both parasitic species exhibited high species specific levels of cephalic gland secretions, including different main com- pounds. Our results showed no chemical mimicry in the cephalic gland secretions between inquilines and their host and we did not identify the repellent compounds already known in other cuckoo bumblebees.
文摘目的探讨干燥综合征(Sjögren’s syndrome,SS)下唇唾液腺MRI特征及其诊断效能。材料与方法回顾性分析232例临床可疑SS患者的临床及下唇唾液腺MRI检查资料,按2016年美国风湿病学会/欧洲抗风湿病联盟共同制订的SS分类标准分为SS组(155例)与非干燥综合征(non-Sjögren’s syndrome,NS)组(77例)。观察下唇唾液腺T1WI、T2WI-非对称回波的最小二乘估算法迭代水脂分离(iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetric and least-squares estimation,IDEAL)水相影像特征(腺体体积、脂肪含量、信号特点)。基于T2WI-IDEAL水相应用ITK-SNAP软件测量、计算下唇唾液腺体积、信号强度的均值和标准差,并行单因素和多因素分析,通过二元logistic回归建立多因素联合预测模型,应用受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线评价独立影响因素及联合预测模型对SS的诊断效能。结果SS组与NS组分别有48例、12例患者下唇唾液腺MRI表现为腺体萎缩伴腺体间脂肪组织增多,T2WI-IDEAL水相信号不均匀减低,组间差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=5.316,P=0.023)。下唇唾液腺体积、信号强度标准差的组间差异有统计学意义(Z=-3.260、-2.803;P=0.001、0.005),是SS的独立影响因素(OR=0.999、1.014;P=0.001、0.003),预测SS的曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)分别为0.629[95%置信区间(confidence internal,CI):0.553~0.704]、0.613(95%CI:0.534~0.692),两者联合预测模型的AUC值为0.682(95%CI:0.608~0.756)。结论SS下唇唾液腺MRI特征为腺体萎缩和信号不均,根据唇腺体积及信号强度标准差预测SS有一定诊断价值。
