Chinese Rural labors Transfer under the Coordination of Urban-Rural Development

The strategic significance of Chinese rural labor transfer is expounded.It is conducive to solving the three agricultural problems concerning agriculture,rural areas,and farmers and coordinating the urban and rural development;promoting the rational distribution of human resources and realizing the growth of national economy;restructuring industrial structure and improving Chinese market competitiveness.The problems in the transfer of Chinese rural labors are analyzed,which include the low overall cultural level of rural labors;imperfect organization developmental;weak management mechanism and imperfect supporting measures.The rational paths for Chinese rural labor transfer are pointed out,including break the urban and rural dual structure and realize the free move of rural labors;strengthen the organization construction to provide high-quality socialized service for rural labor transfer;perfect security system to foster favorable social environment for rural labor transfer;establish scientific management mechanism to realize the sustainable rural labor transfer.

Empirical Analysis of Factors Influencing Surplus Labor Transfer in Poverty-stricken Areas: A Case Study of Yimatu Town in Fuxin City

From the microscopic point of view,taking the surplus labor transfer in the Yimatu Town area as study object,we conduct survey of characteristics and transfer of rural surplus labor in Yimatu Town,through questionnaires and field interviews.Then we analyze the main factors influencing surplus labor transfer in rural areas from the personal characteristics of labor forces and family factor of labor forces.The results show that gender,age,educational level,farmland management days and other factors pertaining to the labor forces all affect the transfer of surplus labor, but the size and extent of the impact vary.In accordance with various influencing factors,we put forward recommendations for promoting the effective transfer of surplus labor in rural areas as follows:first,paying equal attention to macroscopic factors and microscopic factors influencing the transfer of surplus labor;second,focusing on the factors concerning the rural households and individual farmers,to find out the factors influencing the rational transfer;third,shifting the employment concept of surplus labor in rural areas;fourth,speeding up the construction of small towns and developing the secondary and tertiary industries.

A Two-Sector Economic Growth Model with Labor Force Transfer

In this paper, a two\|sector growth model is given. The labor force transfer process from agricultural sector to industrial sector is exogenous determined. By introducing the labor force transferring function, a two\|dimension nonautonomous differential equation is obtained. The results of the model manifest that the labor force transfer delays industrial sector growth and accelerates the agricultural sector growth. It is proved that the solution of the model is asymptotic stable. By the numerical analysis, the economic growth and labor force transfer is presented under the specific parameters.

Sense of Happiness of Left-behind Elderly People in the Context of Rural Labor Transfer——A Case Study of Guizhou Province

Through questionnaires and interviews,this paper surveyed and studied the sense of happiness of 187 left-behind elderly people in Guizhou. The results show that in the context of the rural labor transfer,the sense of happiness of left-behind elderly people is generally low.There are many influencing factors and complex causes. Through analysis,it is found that transfer of family labor has a great impact on the sense of happiness of left-behind elderly people. Finally,it came up with some pertinent recommendations for raising the sense of happiness of left-behind elderly people.

Labor Transfer:A Catalyst or Anticatalyst for Poverty Alleviation?--A study based on a survey of 237 rural households in Yi communities in Liangshan

This paper takes income and“two no worries and three guarantees”(rural poor people have no worry about food and clothing and have access to compulsory education,basic medical services,and safe housing)as two essential indexes,and is based on data collected from a survey of 237 rural households living below the poverty level in Yi communities in Liangshan.Through case studies and positive analysis,we explored the impact of labor transfer on poverty alleviation.We found that the following factors contribute to a double paradox of labor service-enabled poverty alleviation:An income growth trend which prioritizes“external income”(from urban work)over“internal income”(from an agricultural business),restrictions by performance indexes,as well as a lack of public services in rural areas.Although labor transfer can help rural households increase household income and non-agricultural income and reduce poverty within a short period of time,it can hardly promote agricultural businesses through non-agricultural employment and thereby help poverty-stricken rural households permanently alleviate poverty.Although labor transfer can exacerbate various issues facing poverty-stricken households(such as a delay in housing construction,school drop-out rates and health risks for the elderly),it can also play a positive role in raising the profile of farmers and improving rural education and living environments.Based on this study,we propose continuing the supply-side reform in the labor market,implementing differentiated poverty alleviation policies,improving the existing mechanism for poverty alleviation assessment,establishing rural public services,and launching a corresponding multi-channel financing mechanism.

Local Transfer of Surplus Labors and Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritages in Fenghuang County of West Hunan Province,China

The significance of local transfer of surplus rural labors in regions of minorities for the protection of intangible cultural heritages was discussed from 3 perspectives:definition of intangible cultural heritages,significance of protecting and inheriting intangible cultural heritages,and the role of local transfer of surplus rural labors in protecting and inheriting intangible cultural heritages.By taking Fenghuang County(Phoenix County)in west Hunan Province for an example,local transfer of surplus rural labor forces was proposed,and it was suggested that such a transfer could be realized from the following aspects:promoting industrialization of agriculture,developing tourism industry in rural regions of minorities,supporting rural labors to start their own business,attracting university graduates to return to their hometowns for founding their own undertakings.Moreover,relevant strategies were elaborated to increase income of rural residents,guarantee the efficient inheritance and protection of intangible cultural heritages in regions of minorities.

On the Employment Structure and Transfer Characteristics of Rural Laborers in He'nan Province

He’nan is a populous province in China, in which a large number of rural laborers are one of the important factors affecting social and economic development of He’nan Province. However, the employment structure and transfer characteristics of rural laborers have important effect on regional industrial structure. Applying shiftshare method（ SSM） which is often used in analyzing the characteristics of industrial structure to the structure analysis of the labour force can better show the characteristics of labor employment and transfer, thereby providing some reference for the development of regional social economy. The results showed that the transfer of rural laborers in He’nan Province still showed the typical characteristics of traditional agricultural province; the basic advantages of agricultural employment of rural laborers have gradually weakened, while the competitive advantages of the industry, the building industry, and the wholesale ＆ retail trade and catering service industry gradually became obvious, at the same time, there were differences in the deviation of departments among different regions of He’nan Province.

数字化转型、要素流动与包容性绿色增长--以长江经济带为例

随着数字经济纵深发展和全面拓展,数字化转型成为中国践行更为绿色、更具包容性发展理念的必然选择。文章从要素流动视角出发,深入探究数字化转型影响包容性绿色增长的内在机理。在此基础上,采用2011—2020年长江经济带96个城市面板数据,实证检验数字化转型对包容性绿色增长的影响效应和作用路径。研究结果表明:数字化转型对长江经济带包容性绿色增长具有显著提升效应;在互联网发展水平较高城市和低碳政策试点城市中,数字化转型对包容性绿色增长的提升效应更加明显;数字化转型可以通过加速资本流动和劳动力转移,间接促进包容性绿色增长。研究结论为科学评估数字化转型社会经济效应,充分发挥数字化转型要素配置功能,畅通要素流动,进而实现包容性绿色增长提供政策启示。

Impact of Labor Transfer on Agricultural Land Use Conversion at Rural Household Level Based on Logit Model

Since land and labor force are primary resources to be used and controlled by rural households, the allocation of labor forces will influence land uses, and further lead to land use conversion. The present study used the Binary Logit model to investigate the influence of labor force transfer, characteristics of rural households, location, and land market on agricultural land use conversion at rural household level. This study was conducted based on 329 valid questionnaires, which were obtained in Changshu, Rudong, and Tongshan counties, respectively representing the southern, middle and northern areas of Jiangsu Province. The results showed that land market participation, location, zonal difference and labor transfer had strong influences on agricultural land use conversion. The participation of land market had a strong positive effect on land use conversion, especially for the farmland converted to the fishpond. The nearer to the county seat, the more conversion of land use occurred. Particularly, the labor force transfer caused by wage employment decreased this conversion probability, while the labor transfer caused by self-employment led to more conversion; and the increasing of income from labor transfer increased the conversion. Moreover, land use con- versions demonstrated zonal difference, which were more in Rudong and Changshu counties than in Tongshan County, and the factors influencing this conversion were different in the three regions.

The New Changes in Rural Labor Transfer Mode under New Urbanization: Based on the Survey of 10 Villages in Guizhou Province

With the full-speed development of economy,the new urbanization has been accelerated in Guizhou Province in order to make the people reach a well-off standard of living by 2020. From the whole society,the key point is the development of the rural economy,and the development of the rural economy depends on the economic development of rural households. The income from rural labor force transfer has become the main income source and accounts for more than half of rural household income,which will play a major role in survival and development of rural households.

Influences of labor migration on rural household land transfer:A case study of Sichuan Province,China

The influence of labor migration on rural household land transfer has been hotly debated in academic circles, which focuses on whether part-time employment leads to land transfer. Using survey data on rural households in the Sichuan Province, and applying the theoretical framework of new economics of labor migration, this study explores the influences of labor migration on the direction and scale of land transfer from the perspective of rural household structure. The results indicate that: 1) the quantity of laborers has significant influence on the direction and scale of land transfer. The larger the on-farm labor variable(Labor), the lesser the possibility that land will be rented-out and the amount of land rented out will also be smaller. In addition, there is a greater probability that land will be rented-in and the amount of land rented-in will be greater. 2) The greater the ratio of off-farm laborers to rural household laborers(Off-farm) the greater the possibility that land will be rented-out. In addition the higher the ratio of on-farm laborers to the total household laborers(On-farm), the larger the possibility that land will be rented-in. Meanwhile, if the household has individuals at the age of 64 or older(Old) who are engaged in agriculture, there is a smaller possibility that land will be rentedout. 3) the ratio of part-time laborers to rural household laborers(Pluriactivity) have significant inverse U-shaped influences on the rent-in of land as well as the amount of land rented-in. The inflection points are 33.27% and 14.10%, respectively. Such findings confirm the significance of this study in better understanding the influence of labor migration on rural household land transfer.

From "Migrant Workers Boom" to "Migrant Workers Scarcity"——Analysis of Institutional Bottleneck of Rural Surplus Labors Transfer in China

Through description of three-steps characteristic of dual economic theory and its practical significance to the process of industrialization and urbanization in China,and making comparative analysis between important criterion of "Lewis turning point" and current situation of rural surplus labors market in China,we can find that there exists a great deal of surplus labors in rural areas in our country,improvement of peasant income is the result of external interference of government,and demographic dividend in our country hasn't finished.These phenomena go against the theory of "Lewis turning point".So it can prove that "Lewis turning point" in China hasn't come yet.The paper points out the major factors of coexistence of "migrant workers scarcity" and labors redundancy in our country.The first one is structure contradiction of labors market;the second one is law of supply-demand of labors market;the third one is institutional barrier which hinders labors in free flow of census register and social guarantee.Therefore,if we want to realize successful transfer of rural surplus labors and the goal of industrialization and urbanization,we must promote upgrading of industrial structure,change the style of economic growth and realize harmonious development of regional economy in macrocosmic level;And in microcosmic level,we should eliminate institutional barrier which hinders transfer of rural surplus labors.

Problems in the Transfer of Rural Surplus Labor Force in Chengdu Plain——A Empirical Analysis of Xiyu Village,Gexianshan Town,China

Under the new situation of the coordination of rural and urban development,the employment and transfer of surplus labor force have become the major social problems in China.Based on the field investigation on Xiyu Village of Gexianshan Town in Pengzhou City,the surplus labor force and the absorptive capacity of non-agricultural industries are estimated by using per capita cultivated method and output value absorption method.Based on this,the transfer pattern of surplus labor force is generalized and the corresponding suggestions for transfer are put forward.

劳动力转移对粮食生产韧性的影响研究--基于中国粮食主产区的实证

粮食安全是“国之大者”,随着农业劳动力大量转移,粮食生产韧性是否受到影响及受到的影响有多大,已成为新时期的重要议题。基于中国粮食主产区2010-2022年省域面板数据,通过构建主产区粮食生产韧性的综合指标体系,首先使用熵权与变异系数综合赋权法对其进行测度,其次选用固定效应模型实证检验农业劳动力转移对粮食生产韧性影响的内在逻辑。研究发现:农业劳动力转移有助于主产区粮食生产韧性的提升,且对粮食生产韧性的促进效应在较长时间序列上均稳健成立。具体而言,农业劳动力转移每增加1%,主产区粮食生产韧性水平将会平均增加1.712 0%。研究还发现,北方和南方主产区农业劳动力转移影响粮食生产韧性水平存在明显异质性,北方主产区的提升作用更为显著。因此,进一步引导农业劳动力非农转移推动区域粮食生产韧性水平提升,是新时期保障我国粮食安全的有效途径。

Interfacial stress transfer behavior in a specially-shaped fiber/matrix pullout test

Specially designed fibers are widely used in engineering practice because the specially-designed shape can help to improve the bonding strength of the fiber and the interface. Studied in this paper is the interfacial shear stress transfer behavior on both sides of the specially designed fiber when it is being pulled out; in which automatic analysis of three-dimensional photoelasticity is employed and the finite element method is adopted. The results show that the stress transfer occurs mainly in the region near the fiber＇s embedded end where the stress reaches its critical point, leading to debonding of the interface. Before debonding, as the pullout loading increases, the peak value of shear stress transfers along the fiber from the embedded end to the interior of the matrix, and then stops at the hooked part of the fiber because of its impediment. When the interface begins to debond as the load increases, the shear stress can be transferred to the hooked part.

Kinetic Study of Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of 2-(N,N-Dimethylamino)ethyl Methacrylate

A kinetic model was developed to describe the atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of 2(N,N-dimethylarnino) ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA). The model was based on a polymerization mechanism, which included the atom transfer equilibrium for primary radical, the propagation of growing polymer radical, and the atom transfer equilibrium for the growing polymer radical. An experiment was carried out to measure the conversion of monomer, the number-average molecular weight of polymer and molecular weight distribution for the ATRP process of DMAEMA. The experimental data were used to correlate the kinetic model and rate constants were obtained. The rate constants of activation and deactivation in the atom transfer equilibrium for primary radical are 1.0 x 10(4) L(.)mol(-1.)s(-1) and 0.04 L(.)mol(-1.)s(-1), respectively. The rate constant of the propagation of growing polymer radical is 8.50 L(.)mol(-1.)s(-1), and the rate constants of activation and deactivation in the atom transfer equilibrium for growing polymer radical are 0.045 L(.)mol(-1.)s(-1) and 1.2 x 10(5) L(.)mol(-1.)s(-1), respectively. The values of the rate constants represent the features of the ATRP process. The kinetic model was used to calculate the ATRP process of DMAEMA. The results show that the calculations agree well with the measurements.

Synthesis and characterization of Ca2Sn1-xCexO4 with blue luminescence originating from Ce^4＋ charge transfer transition

Ce^4＋-doped Ca2SnO4 with a one-dimensional structure, which emits bright blue light, is prepared by using a solid-state reaction method. The x-ray diffraction results show that the Ce^4＋ ions doped in Ca2SnO4 occupy the Sn^4＋ sites. The excitation and emission spectra of Ca2Sn1-xCexO4 appear to have broad bands with peaks at - 268nm and -442nm, respectively. A long excited-state lifetime （-83μs） for the emission from Ca2Sn1-xCexO4 suggests that the luminescence originates from a ligand-to-metal Ce^4＋ charge transfer （CT）. The luminescent properties of Ca2Snl_xCexO4 have been compared with those of Sr2CeO4, which is the only material reported so far to show Ce^4＋ CT luminescence. More interestingly, it is observed that the emission intensity of Ca2Sn1-xCexO4 with a small doping concentration （x - 0.03） is comparable to that of Sr2CeO4 in which the concentration of active centre is 100%.

Model Equilibrium and Empirical Study of Rural Labor Transfer

We establish the two-sector economy model including the urban sector and the rural sector, derive the labor demand curve of the urban sector and rural sector under the condition of balanced production decisions with benefit maximization, and analyze the labor flow when in the short-term or long-term two-sector economic equilibrium. The results show that rising wages caused by short-term internal and external impact increases the pressure on the employment in two sectors, and the urban sector is difficult to absorb the surplus labor of the rural sector. However, under the conditions of free flow of factors and fully competitive market, the wage variation arising from the long-term endogenous evolution, leads to inversely proportional relationship between the demand for labor in the urban and rural sectors, which is conducive to the transfer of rural labor force. Based on microeconomic survey data of labor flow in urban-rural coordination experimental zones in Chongqing City, this paper makes an empirical study of the main factors having a short-term impact on the labor transfer, and the results show that education level and the opportunity to participate in the training are important factors.

Approaches and countermeasures of the transfer of rural surplus labors in China

The transfer of rural surplus labors concerns the development of agriculture and the national economy in China. On the pivotal period of transforming economy and society, whether the transfer can be accomplished successfully will play an important role in the social stabilization and the sustainable development of economy. In this paper, the authors bring out the characteristics and the main impediment of transfer. At the same time, countermeasures which are more effective have been put forward.

Technical Demand of Commercial Paddy Farmers in the Context of Labor Transfer

On the basis of document research,we summed up factors of technical demand of commercial paddy farmers to four aspects:individual characteristics of farmers,natural endowment of resources,factors related to risks,and information factor.Then,we put forward relevant hypotheses.From survey results of 241 farmer households in 4 southwestern provinces(regions),by the binary logistic regression analysis method,we empirically studied influences of the above four factors on technical demand of commercial paddy farmers.Results show that commercial paddy farmers like simple and high yield cultivation technique best,while individual characteristics of farmers,natural endowment of resources,factors related to risks,and information factors are major factors influencing different agricultural technical demand of commercial paddy farmers.