Contribution of the MERISE-Type Conceptual Data Model to the Construction of Monitoring and Evaluation Indicators of the Effectiveness of Training in Relation to the Needs of the Labor Market in the Republic of Congo

This study proposes the use of the MERISE conceptual data model to create indicators for monitoring and evaluating the effectiveness of vocational training in the Republic of Congo. The importance of MERISE for structuring and analyzing data is underlined, as it enables the measurement of the adequacy between training and the needs of the labor market. The innovation of the study lies in the adaptation of the MERISE model to the local context, the development of innovative indicators, and the integration of a participatory approach including all relevant stakeholders. Contextual adaptation and local innovation: The study suggests adapting MERISE to the specific context of the Republic of Congo, considering the local particularities of the labor market. Development of innovative indicators and new measurement tools: It proposes creating indicators to assess skills matching and employer satisfaction, which are crucial for evaluating the effectiveness of vocational training. Participatory approach and inclusion of stakeholders: The study emphasizes actively involving training centers, employers, and recruitment agencies in the evaluation process. This participatory approach ensures that the perspectives of all stakeholders are considered, leading to more relevant and practical outcomes. Using the MERISE model allows for: • Rigorous data structuring, organization, and standardization: Clearly defining entities and relationships facilitates data organization and standardization, crucial for effective data analysis. • Facilitation of monitoring, analysis, and relevant indicators: Developing both quantitative and qualitative indicators helps measure the effectiveness of training in relation to the labor market, allowing for a comprehensive evaluation. • Improved communication and common language: By providing a common language for different stakeholders, MERISE enhances communication and collaboration, ensuring that all parties have a shared understanding. The study’s approach and contribution to existing research lie in: • Structured theoretical and practical framework and holistic approach: The study offers a structured framework for data collection and analysis, covering both quantitative and qualitative aspects, thus providing a comprehensive view of the training system. • Reproducible methodology and international comparison: The proposed methodology can be replicated in other contexts, facilitating international comparison and the adoption of best practices. • Extension of knowledge and new perspective: By integrating a participatory approach and developing indicators adapted to local needs, the study extends existing research and offers new perspectives on vocational training evaluation.

Meta-regression Analysis of the Chinese Labor Reallocation Effect

Meta regression analysis method was applied to study 23 papers about the effect of Chinese labor reallocation on the economic growth. The results showed that both the method of the World Bank (1996) or M.Syrquin(1986) had little impact on the results, while the calculation of the stock of physical capital had a positive impact on the results. The result by using panel data study was bigger than results obtained in the time series data. The time span had little influences on the results. Therefore, it was necessary to measure the exact stock of physical capital in China, so as to evaluate the Chinese labor reallocation

Labor Allocation Effect on China's Economic Growth

Since the reform and opening up in 1978, the improving efficiency of resource allocation, particularly the flow and migration of agricultural workforce to non-agricultural sectors, has contributed greatly to China's economic growth. However, scholars have seldom carried out continuous empirical study on the extent of such contribution mainly due to limited methods for the calculation of labor allocation effect. This paper employs the incremental analysis method of index to separate labor allocation effect from economic growth in order to conduct an analysis on such effect under the framework of economic growth. Using this approach, this paper has calculated the labor allocation effect during various periods of time in China between 1978 and 2014 and the results indicate that the flow and migration of labor constituted the major source of China's economic growth during the periods between 1978 and 1987, between 1992 and 1998 and between 2003 and 2014 and still have great potentials in the coming decade. After 2025, the labor allocation effect will diminish and is likely to become a factor that hinders economic growth.

Effects of Ropivacaine-sufentanil Epidural Analgesia on Labor and Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes

[Objectives]This study aimed to investigate the effects of ropivacaine-sufentanil epidural analgesia on labor and maternal and neonatal outcomes.[Methods]A total of 180 primiparas in full-term pregnancy were selected.They were randomly divided into treatment group(n=90)and control group(n=90).The primiparas in the treatment group were injected epidurally with ropivacaine and sufentanil for analgesia,and the primiparas in the control group were subjected to vaginal delivery.The VAS scores at 5,10,30 and 60 min of analgesia were observed.The vaginal bleeding amount,total labor duration,neonatal Apgar score and vaginal delivery rate of the two groups were compared.[Results]Compared with the control group,the VAS score in the treatment group differed insignificantly after 5 min of analgesia(P>0.05),and decreased significantly after 10,30 and 60 min of analgesia(P<0.05).The vaginal bleeding amount of the treatment group was significantly smaller than that of the control group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the neonatal Apgar score between the two groups(P>0.05).In the treatment group,the vaginal delivery rate increased(P<0.05),the second stage of labor was prolonged(P<0.05),and the first and third stages of labor did not change significantly(P>0.05).[Conclusions]Epidural analgesia with ropivacaine and sufentanil has a good analgesic effect and good safety,and is worthy of clinical promotion.

Effectiveness of China's Labor Contract Law——Evidence from China Employer-Employee Survey

Using micro-level data from China Employer-Employee Survey(CEES), this paper conducts an empirical analysis of firms' heterogeneous characteristics in the implementation of the Labor Contract Law and its effects on employees. Our findings are as follows: With China's economic development, firms more proactively implement the Labor Contract Law, resulting in a higher percentage of employees with labor contracts. Labor contracts significantly increase the probability of employees in receiving social insurances, such as pension, health, unemployment, work injury and birth insurances, and have a significantly positive effect on wage income. Longer term of labor contract corresponds to stronger employment protection, and such an effect is highly robust. Larger firms with higher capital-labor ratios have better results in implementing the Labor Contract Law. And employees of private and labor-intensive firms have poorer coverage of employment and social protection; such firms should be given focal attention in the law's implementation.

人口老龄化、数字经济与劳动密集型制造业绩效

文章基于2011—2022年中国劳动密集型制造业微观企业数据和城市数据,考察人口老龄化与数字经济对劳动密集型制造业绩效的影响效应及其背后的机制。研究发现:人口老龄化抑制了劳动密集型制造业绩效的提升,数字经济则发挥了相反的作用即促进效应,二者的叠加效应最终对劳动密集型制造业的绩效起正向作用。异质性检验结果表明,这种叠加效应具有显著的区域异质性、城市化水平异质性及城市活力异质性。机制检验发现,人口老龄化与数字经济的叠加效应主要通过提高劳动密集型制造业的劳动者技能和数字技术水平来提升劳动密集型制造业的绩效。

人工智能技术创新对企业劳动力需求的影响研究

基于河北省2016—2020年A股上市公司的相关数据,探究人工智能技术创新对河北省企业劳动力需求总量、不同技能劳动力的影响。人工智能发展水平越高,企业对劳动力的需求越低,反映出目前人工智能对河北省劳动力需求表现为替代效应;从不同技能劳动力需求来看,人工智能技术正向影响企业对高技能和中技能劳动力的需求,负向影响低技能劳动力的需求。

数字经济与全国统一大市场建设:基于城市层面的研究

双循环发展格局下,全国统一大市场建设有助于促进新质生产力形成及经济高质量转型发展。而数字经济的蓬勃发展为全国统一大市场建设提供了新路径。本文使用2005—2021年中国城市层面数据测算了全国统一大市场指数,实证检验了数字经济如何助推全国统一大市场建设。结果表明,数字经济通过提高流通效率、深化专业化分工以及强化城市网络效应助推全国统一大市场形成;同时“宽带中国”战略实施促进了统一大市场整合;数字经济的市场整合效应在不同地理区位、经济发展水平、城市规模、数字化水平以及市场一体化程度的城市间存在显著差异;进一步分析发现,数字经济对全国统一大市场形成存在长期效应和边际效应递增趋势以及空间溢出效应。

“低技能排斥”下的劳动力跨地区流动——产出效应与收入分配

在中国劳动力跨地区流动过程中,地方政府针对不同技能的劳动力制定了差异化的就业政策,不少地区基于缓解公共服务供需矛盾等方面的考虑,对低技能劳动力采取了排斥的态度。本文在量化空间一般均衡模型框架下刻画了高、低技能劳动力差异化的流动特征,使用2005年、2015年全国人口抽样调查微观数据,定量分析了“低技能排斥”下劳动力跨地区流动对收入分配的影响及产出效应。研究发现,第一,与高技能劳动力相比,低技能劳动力流动所面临的阻碍更大,使得低技能劳动力跨地区流动成本高于高技能劳动力。第二,“低技能排斥”下的劳动力跨地区流动,一定程度上抑制了高、低技能劳动力之间的技能互补,造成GDP损失。第三,全面破除“低技能排斥”,充分发挥高、低技能劳动力之间的技能互补性,将显著缩小地区之间劳动力的收入差距。因此,打破劳动力跨地区流动中的技能歧视,引导高、低技能劳动力畅通有序流动,优化劳动力配置效率的同时还有助于共同富裕战略目标的实现。

新质生产力对产业结构高级化的影响研究

处在高质量转型的关键期,加快形成新质生产力是调整产业结构、提升产业效能的必由之路。基于2010—2021年省级面板数据,揭示新质生产力赋能产业结构高级化的理论逻辑。研究发现,新质生产力能够推动产业结构高级化,这一结论经过稳健性检验和内生性分析后依然成立。空间效应分析得出,新质生产力在推动本地区产业结构高级化的同时,也有效带动了周边省份产业结构升级。中介效应检验表明,新质生产力能够降低劳动力资源错配,这一发现拓展了新质生产力对产业结构高级化的路径探索。进一步研究发现,新质生产力对产业结构高级化的影响存在区域异质性,在东中西部地区,其作用效果依次增强。

数字素养的农户收入增长效应研究

作为数字时代重要的新型人力资本,数字素养成为农户生计资本的重要组成部分。数字素养的提升使农户能够更好地应用先进技术、获取市场信息、拓展销售渠道、增加非农就业创业机会,从而产生显著的收入增长效应。采用“中国乡村振兴综合调查”(CRRS)2020年的数据,从数字设备操作、数字资源获取、数字技术应用、数字意识4个维度选取18项指标评价样本数字素养,实证检验数字素养对农户收入的影响,结果发现:农户数字素养提升能够显著增加其人均农业收入、人均非农收入和人均总收入,该收入增长效应对流动性约束较强的农户和非城郊村的农户更为显著;数字素养可以通过提高农业劳动生产率的路径增加农户农业收入,也可以通过促进家庭生计多样化的路径增加农户非农收入。因此,数字素养不仅具有显著的农户增收效应,而且有助于长尾群体共享数字红利,应在加强和普及数字素养教育的同时,重点帮扶数字弱势群体以缩小数字鸿沟,并切实提高农业劳动生产率和促进农户生计多样化,充分发挥数字素养的农户增收效应。

0.2%氯普鲁卡因联合罗哌卡因对硬膜外分娩镇痛效果及对罗哌卡因EC_(50)的影响

目的探讨0.2%氯普鲁卡因联合罗哌卡因对硬膜外分娩镇痛效果及对罗哌卡因半数有效浓度(EC_(50))的影响。方法选择2023年7月至10月在我院行阴道分娩且有镇痛需求的产妇67例,按随机数字表法分为RL组(33例)和R组(34例)。采用Dixon改良序贯法确定罗哌卡因的浓度。RL组产妇给予0.2%盐酸氯普鲁卡因注射液+盐酸罗哌卡因注射液+0.4μg/mL枸橼酸舒芬太尼注射液;R组产妇给予盐酸罗哌卡因注射液+0.4μg/mL枸橼酸舒芬太尼注射液。观察两组产妇的罗哌卡因EC_(50)、分娩镇痛效果、镇痛药总用量、镇痛满意度评分、不良反应发生情况、分娩情况及新生儿Apgar评分。结果RL组产妇的罗哌卡因EC_(50)、镇痛起效时间、补救镇痛率、会阴胀痛和爆发痛发生率、镇痛药总用量均显著低于R组,镇痛满意度评分显著高于R组(P<0.05);两组产妇的下肢麻木、下肢无力、寒战等不良反应发生率,产程时间、出血量、分娩方式及新生儿Apgar评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论0.2%氯普鲁卡因联合罗哌卡因用于硬膜外分娩镇痛,可降低罗哌卡因的EC_(50),改善分娩镇痛效果,且安全性较好。

人工智能嵌入劳动教育:价值、风险与纾解

在教育数字化转型的浪潮中,人工智能业已成为影响劳动教育的重要因素。人工智能的迅猛发展既对劳动教育产生了较强的创造效应,也造成一定的冲击效应。人工智能通过升华教育理念、更迭教育形态、优化教育环境、提升教育效能,保障与增益了劳动教育的高度、深度、宽度、效度,是对传统劳动教育的升级与发展。然而,人工智能也潜藏着一定的隐忧,或将使劳动教育陷入价值目标失衡、劳动主体失落、劳动情感失却、教育过程失序的窘境,导致劳动教育走向冲突与异化。欲使人工智能助力劳动教育创新发展,必须超越智能技术万能的神话,通过复归劳动教育的价值追求、协调技术应用与主体发展、秉持虚实相融的实践逻辑、廓清劳动教育的技术界限,力促劳动教育的高质量发展。

数字经济对劳动力跨区域流动的影响——基于劳动力错配视角

文章基于我国30个省份2013—2020年的面板数据,采用拓展的偏离份额系数模型测度劳动力跨区域流动情况,实证分析了劳动力错配对数字经济与劳动力跨区域流动关系的非线性影响。结果表明:劳动力错配对数字经济与劳动力跨区域流动的关系存在非线性调节效应,其影响机制是,数字经济通过调整区域劳动力错配水平来影响区域间劳动力的流动,但随着区域劳动力错配水平的不断提高,区域内可能出现劳动力“病态”涌入的情况。异质性分析结果表明,当区域劳动力错配水平较高时,数字经济的发展反而会抑制高精尖人才和第三产业劳动者流入该区域。

新时代高校劳动教育与职业素养教育有效融合的途径

劳动教育与职业素养教育在我国高校教育体系中,既具备重合之处,同时也具备互补的方面。现阶段,高校在劳动教育和职业素养教育融合层面还存在部分问题,具体呈现在学生劳动意识薄弱、课程体系脱离劳动教育要求等层面。对此,高校要提升思想建设力度,培养学生积极劳动价值观;深化体面劳动认知,注重专业能力与技能培养;推进课程改革创新,积极构建完善的课程体系,以此促进新时代高校劳动教育与职业素养教育有效融合。

中心城市科技创新能促进城市群协调发展吗?——兼论收入房价比的调节作用

利用2007—2019年127个地级市的数据,系统检验了中心城市科技创新对城市群协调发展的影响机制,并讨论了收入房价比对二者关系的调节作用。研究发现:第一,中心城市科技创新水平的提高不仅显著促进了城市群协调发展,还加快了外围城市经济增长收敛,并在不同地区和不同发展阶段的城市群表现出明显的异质性。第二,中心城市科技创新通过深化产业分工促进城市群协调发展。第三,收入房价比能够调节中心城市科技创新与城市群协调发展之间的关系,但调节效果存在区域异质性,仅在中部地区显著增强了中心城市科技创新对城市群协调发展的促进作用,对东部和西部地区没有明显的调节作用。研究结论不仅丰富了中心城市科技创新影响城市群协调发展的理论研究,且在提高收入房价比方面提供了政策启示。

工业智能化能成为产业结构升级的新动能吗

工业智能化作为新型工业化过程中新的增长引擎,对推动中国产业结构升级发挥重要作用。基于2004-2021年中国省域面板数据,从直接动力、间接渠道、非线性效应等维度考察工业智能化对产业结构升级的影响效应与作用渠道。研究发现:工业智能化在总体上推动产业结构升级,且有显著的滞后效应;劳动力结构优化是工业智能化间接驱动产业结构升级的作用渠道。分维度回归结果表明,工业智能化会促进产业结构高级化,加剧产业结构不合理,对高级化维度的驱动作用强于合理化维度;分区域回归结果显示,工业智能化在沿海地区产生的驱动效应强于内陆地区,主要通过产业结构高级化实现;工业智能化具有明显的积累效应和规模效应,对产业结构升级呈现边际效应递增的非线性特征。据此,从加大智能化基础设施建设、优化地区劳动力结构、发挥地区比较优势三方面提出相关政策建议。

政府环境规制与制造业企业用工需求——来自网络招聘数据的微观证据

为实现“双碳”目标,处理好环境保护和就业的关系尤为关键。本文基于2014—2018年智联招聘数据库、全量企业注册数据库以及地级及以上城市的匹配数据,采用多维面板固定效应模型估计政府环境规制对制造业企业用工需求的影响效应,并基于理论分析框架验证环境规制影响企业用工需求的传导机制。研究结果表明,加强政府环境规制能够促进制造业企业用工需求增加,该结论在经过样本抽样偏差检验和内生性检验后依然成立。环境规制的用工需求创造效应主要体现在高技能、科研岗位以及有工作经验的劳动力群体。从行业和区域异质性分析结果看,在轻污染行业中,环境规制对企业用工需求的正效应更显著;在重污染行业中,环境规制仅对企业高技能的用工需求显著为正;在大城市、资源型城市和低碳试点城市中,环境规制对企业用工需求的影响更显著。从影响机制看,环境规制通过减少环境要素投入、提升技术创新水平促进制造业企业用工需求的增加。虽然环境规制能提升制造业企业的机器化水平,但对劳动力的替代效应不高。

人口老龄化与外商直接投资:影响机制与实证分析——基于中国省级面板数据的实证研究

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