Objectives: Since studies demonstrate that neonates born to mothers having been cared for premature labor will suffer from congenital neonatal sepsis, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence and main risk factors of neona...Objectives: Since studies demonstrate that neonates born to mothers having been cared for premature labor will suffer from congenital neonatal sepsis, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence and main risk factors of neonatal infection among mothers having experienced a prior premature labor. Methods: This was a cross sectional study carried out from January 1st throughout 31st December, 2013 at the university clinics of Kinshasa. It concerned all delivered women at term having been cared for premature labor prior to giving birth a live newborn. Maternal variables of interest were: parity, gestation, age, intrapartum fever, malaria, urogenital infection during the last 2 weeks before delivery (UGI), premature rupture of membranes (PROM), cervical cerclage, meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) and the way of delivery. For neonates attention was paid on gestational age, birth weight, admission at neonatal intensive care unit (ANICU) and infection as stated within three days after birth. T-test and Chi-square were used where appropriate. Logistic analysis was used to determine the risk for maternal variables to induce neonatal infection (OR and CI), the significance stated at p < 0.05. Results: Fifty two mother-infant couples were recruited. Of these 19 neonates were infected (prevalence of 36.5%). Mean age, gestational age and birth weight were 30.19 ± 5.32 years, 37.2 ± 2 weeks and 2638 ± 588 g, respectively. Infected neonates had their gestational age and birth weight significantly lower whilst proportion of ANICU higher than that on non infected. Prematurity, PROM, UGI, prior cerclage and MSAF were significantly more frequent in couples with neonatal infection. Prematurity, birth weight <2500 g and UGI were found to enhance the risk by 3 to 4 times. Conclusion: The prevalence of neonatal infection was very high. Prematurity, birth weight <2500 g and maternal UGI were found to enhance the risk by 3 to 4 times.展开更多
Measles infection in pregnant women is a very dangerous clinical condition.Patients usually had complicated pneumonia,and virus could pass through the placenta to the fetus and lead to premature delivery,stillbirth,mi...Measles infection in pregnant women is a very dangerous clinical condition.Patients usually had complicated pneumonia,and virus could pass through the placenta to the fetus and lead to premature delivery,stillbirth,miscarriage and neonatal measles.In this report,one such case,which was diagnosed by clinical signs and symptoms,clinical and laboratory examination was described.After proper therapeutic treatment,the infection was well-controlled and a baby was born by nature labor.展开更多
Different methods have been proposed to screen for preterm labor and delivery; most of these aim to pre-dict the risk that preterm delivery is going to take place. However, interesting though this knowledge might be, ...Different methods have been proposed to screen for preterm labor and delivery; most of these aim to pre-dict the risk that preterm delivery is going to take place. However, interesting though this knowledge might be, knowing the future is of no use when no changes can be made. Recent publications have suggested new and exciting modalities to actually diminish the frequency of preterm birth in patients selected by transvaginal cervical length measurement; these modalities include vaginal progesterone and vaginal pessaries. Although promising, many questions remain to be answered; not least about the long term outcome for both neonates and mothers, but also on the eventual introduction of such strategies to the general obstetric population. One of the main problems that urgently needs clarifcation is how we are going to offer this best of medicine to those needing it most: deprived and socially isolated women who have the highest risk for preterm laborand delivery, probably not due to any congenital cervi-cal problems, but to a combination of environmental, microbiological and social factors, including transgen-erational poverty and deprivation.展开更多
There are ongoing debates about the definition, classification and prevalence of premature ejaculation (PE). The first evidence-based definition of PE was limited to heterosexual men with lifelong PE who engage in v...There are ongoing debates about the definition, classification and prevalence of premature ejaculation (PE). The first evidence-based definition of PE was limited to heterosexual men with lifelong PE who engage in vaginal intercourse. Unfortunately, many patients with the complaint of PE do not meet these criteria. However, these men can be diagnosed as one of the PE subtypes, namely acquired PE, natural variable PE or premature-like ejaculatory dysfunction. Nevertheless, the validity of these subtypes has not yet been supported by evidence. The absence of a universally accepted PE definition and lack of standards for data acquisition have resulted in prevalence studies that have reported conflicting rates. The very high prevalence of 20%-30% is probably due to the vague terminology used in the definitions at the time when such surveys were conducted. Although many men may complain of PE when questioned for a population-based prevalence study, only a few of them will actively seek treatment for their complaint, even though most of these patients would define symptoms congruent with PE. The complaints of acquired PE patients may be more severe, whereas complaints of patients experiencing premature-like ejaculatory dysfunction seem to be least severe among men with various forms of PE. Although numerous treatment modalities have been proposed for management of PE, only antidepressants and topical anaesthetic creams have currently been proven to be effective. However, as none of the treatment modalities have been approved by the regulatory agencies, further studies must be carried to develop a beneficial treatment strategy for PE.展开更多
There have been a limited number of epidemiological studies published on sexual disorders in persons from Asia. This paper aims to assess the reports of sexual dysfunction epidemiological studies published in the Engl...There have been a limited number of epidemiological studies published on sexual disorders in persons from Asia. This paper aims to assess the reports of sexual dysfunction epidemiological studies published in the English language that involved Asian countries. Key points are summarized in this paper from nine epidemiological papers on sexual dysfunction from Asia that were published in the English language. Seven met the criteria for evidence-based studies reaching a Prins score of at least 10 or more. Papers included in this report came from national and regional representative studies in peer review journals. These results for sexual dysfunction in the nine papers are summarized for various sexual dysfunctions in men and women in Asian countries. In three of these, worldwide data were presented in the same paper allowing comparisons with Asian data on prevalence rates. Detailed descriptions from each of these studies are presented in paragraph form. More detailed data on erectile dysfunction (ED) is presented in a tabular form. Collectively, there seems to be a need for country- and population-specific further descriptive and analytical epidemiological studies in all of the sexual disorders from Asia. This critical review paper should help guide these studies for reachinj[ evidence-based literature standards.展开更多
In this study, we aimed to investigate the prevalence and perception of premature ejaculation (PE) in young and middle-aged Korean men. The study was conducted using an Internet-assisted questionnaire. A total of 2 ...In this study, we aimed to investigate the prevalence and perception of premature ejaculation (PE) in young and middle-aged Korean men. The study was conducted using an Internet-assisted questionnaire. A total of 2 037 Korean male adults, aged 20 years or older, were randomly sampled based on age and residency. The questionnaire developed by the PE Study Group of the Korean Andrological Society includes four categories (overall sexual function, symptoms, distress and treatment) with a total of 16 questions. For each question, symptoms were evaluated by a scale ranging from 0 to 10. Intravaginal ejaculation latency time was ‘5-10 min' in 38.6%, followed by ‘longer than 10 min' in 2919%, ‘2-5 min' in 23.6%, ‘1-2 min' in 5.4% and ‘shorter than 1 min' in 2.5%. In our series, 27.5% of respondents reported having PE. Control over ejaculation within a recent 3-month period was 6.2 points on average. Respondent complaints of PE-related stress averaged 7.1 points and stress-related complaints from sexual partners averaged 7.1 points. The effect of PE on sexual life was 6.8 points. Of the respondents determined as having PE, 42.6% responded that they were inclined to receive treatment. Results from this study suggest that the prevalence of PE diagnosed by the respondent on his own was approximately 27.5% in young and middle-aged men in Korea. PE-related stress had a significant effect on the stress, sexual activity and quality of life of the respondent and his sexual partner.展开更多
Introduction: Prematurity is the leading cause of neonatal death in Africa. More than a million children die each year due to co-morbidities related to prematurity. In addition to being one of the causes of neonatal d...Introduction: Prematurity is the leading cause of neonatal death in Africa. More than a million children die each year due to co-morbidities related to prematurity. In addition to being one of the causes of neonatal deaths, the health problems associated with prematurity can also lead to severe lifelong impairment in those who survive. Objectives: This paper aims to determine the epidemiology and identify co-morbidities of prematurity in the neonatology units of the Douala General Hospital (DGH) and the Laquintinie Hospital of Douala (LHD). Patients and Methodology: We conducted an analytical retrospective cohort study from January 2015 to January 2018 in the neonatology department of the GDH and the LHD, which are considered reference hospitals for the management of preterm babies in Cameroon. We included all newborns aged less than 37 weeks admitted to the neonatology units of the GDH and the LHD. The descriptive component was based on the analysis of quantitative variables using measures of central tendency. The analytical component was evaluated using Spearman correlations and the Chi-square and Fisher tests. Simple and multiple logistic regressions measured factors predictive of mortality. The Kaplan Meier survival curve used the Log Rank test and significance at p ≤ 0.05. Results: We recorded 908 preterm newborns in neonatal service and 1,124 preterm deliveries in maternity, representing an incidence of 32.5% in neonatal unit and 10.6% in maternity. 51% of whom were girls, given a sex ratio M/F of 0.9. Hypertension was the main prenatal pathology (9.1%), while premature rupture of membranes: PROM (35.5%) and eclampsia/pre-eclampsia (18.6%) were the most common obstetrical pathologies. 75.9% of deliveries were vaginal with 65.2% being performed in our referral hospitals. Gestational age ranged from 22 to 36 weeks, with a mean of 32.4 weeks. Late preterm birth rate was 53.7%, and birth weight varied between 590 and 3200 g with an average of 1747 ± 479 g. The percentage of low birth weight (1500 - 2499 g) preterm infants was predominant (65.3%), and the intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) was estimated to be 12.4%. The majority (96.7%) had pathologies in the neonatal period, the most common being neonatal infection (86.9%). The case-fatality rate was 27.4%, compared to 72.6% live births. Factors influencing mortality are risk of premature labour, gestational age ≤ 32 SA, premature birth in hospitals other than our two referral hospitals, birth weight ≤ 1500 g, Apgar at the 10th minute, late secondary anaemia, hospital resuscitation, oxygen therapy, and duration of hospitalization Conclusion: The incidence of prematurity and the mortality rate remains high in neonatal units in Cameroon. Adequate monitoring of pregnancies and management of preterm infants remains a challenge in our context.展开更多
Preterm birth is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in newborns and children under 5 years-of-age.In order to improve the survival rate and quality of preterm infants,there is critical need to identify the s...Preterm birth is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in newborns and children under 5 years-of-age.In order to improve the survival rate and quality of preterm infants,there is critical need to identify the specific mechanisms underlying the initiation of labor.Pregnancy represents a period of constant interactive dialog between mother and fetus.A disturbance in the pattern of maternal-fetal communication can induce physiological or pathological labor.Although a number of studies have investigated the contributions of maternal factors to the initiation of labor,the concept that fetal organ development and maternal adaptation are coordinated has emerged over recent years,thus emphasizing that factors of fetal origin may serve as hormonal signals for the initiation of labor.In this review,we summarize and discuss several specific mechanisms by which factors of fetal origin may influence parturition during term or preterm labor,including the specific regulation of fetal organs,including the lungs and accessory organs during pregnancy.Future research may focus on the specific pathways by which signals from the fetal lungs and other fetal organs interact with the maternal system to initiate eventual labor.展开更多
Preterm labor(before 37 weeks’gestation)is the leading cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity,which can be divided into iatrogenic preterm labor,infectious preterm labor,and spontaneous preterm labor(sPTL).Up to n...Preterm labor(before 37 weeks’gestation)is the leading cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity,which can be divided into iatrogenic preterm labor,infectious preterm labor,and spontaneous preterm labor(sPTL).Up to now,there continue to be great difficulties in prediction and prevention of sPTL,owing to multiple risk factors,pathogenesis,and pathologic processes contributing to the event,which have not been fully clarified.Pregnancy maintenance and parturition is a complicated process with continuous maternal-fetal dialogue,in which both maternal and fetal factors participate and affect the outcome of pregnancy,including sPTL.Besides,external factors can also participate in sPTL,individually or through the interaction with internal factors.In this article,we summarize recent studies regarding sPTL from our and other groups,and discuss the risk factors and pathogenesis of preterm birth from both external and internal(maternal and fetal)aspects,so as to provide theoretical evidences for the diagnosis,prevention,and treatment of sPTL in the future.展开更多
AIM: To analyze the incidence and risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 568 premature infants from September 2005 to December 2010 with birth weight (BW)...AIM: To analyze the incidence and risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 568 premature infants from September 2005 to December 2010 with birth weight (BW) equal to or less than 2 500g or a gestational age (GA) at birth of 34 weeks or less. All of the members were examined by indirect binocular ophthalmoscopy. RESULTS: ROP occurred with an incidence rate of 10.7% among 568 premature infants, and stages 3 and above ROP occurred with an incidence rate of 2.5%. This study showed the infants were more prone to develop ROP with short geststional age, low BW, long time of oxygen inhalation, and severe infants diseases. Twins had a significantly higher rate of ROP (18.3%) than singleton babies (9.8%), ROP were severer in twins than singleton babies. CONCLUSION: Short GA, low BW, long time of oxygen inhalation, severe infants diseases, and non-singleton babies were the most significant risk factors associated with ROP.展开更多
AIM:To report the changes in detection rate and characteristics of retinopathy of prematurity(ROP)in infants,during a 12-year period in Northwest China.METHODS:The medical records of infants were retrospectively colle...AIM:To report the changes in detection rate and characteristics of retinopathy of prematurity(ROP)in infants,during a 12-year period in Northwest China.METHODS:The medical records of infants were retrospectively collected and reviewed using an established clinical database.The detection rate and severity of ROP were compared between two consecutive periods(P1:2008-2013,P2:2014-2019).Gender,gestational age(GA),birth weight(BW),multiple births,delivery pattern,and postmenstrual age of the first fundus screen were analyzed in all visiting infants.RESULTS:During the 12-year study period,7832 infants were initially included;among them,1266(16.16%)were diagnosed with ROP,441 of whom(5.63%)developed severe ROP.Throughout the study period,the total number of infants being screened showed a trend of slight fluctuation after a rapid increase;however,an annual increase was observed in the number of infants diagnosed with ROP and severe ROP.The proportion of each stage at the first screening of infants with ROP was stable.The detection rate of ROP increased from 2.33%in 2008 to 16.18%in 2010,decreased to 10.73%in 2014,and then increased to 27.47%in 2019.For severe ROP,the detection rate gradually increased from 0 in 2008 to 12.49%in 2019.Among the infants with ROP,96(7.58%)did not meet the screening criteria set by the Chinese Medical Association in 2014(GA<32wk,or BW<2000 g);among them,14(1.11%)needed treatment because of severe ROP.CONCLUSION:From 2008 to 2019,the detection rates of ROP and severe ROP in infants screened in Northwest China were 16.16%and 5.63%,respectively.The characteristics of the ROP infants were similar to those in other middle-income regions.The"tertiary prevention network of ROP"is a potentially effective screening approach.展开更多
The mode of delivery and gestational age for very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) preterm infants are not yet well established and are constant topics of debate. Objective: To analyze the impact of delivery mode on morbidity ...The mode of delivery and gestational age for very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) preterm infants are not yet well established and are constant topics of debate. Objective: To analyze the impact of delivery mode on morbidity in preterm infants weighing less than 1500 g. Results: Among 21,957 births, 81 were analyzed;53 were delivered vaginally, and 28 were delivered by cesarean section. The median maternal age, gestational age and body mass index among those delivered vaginally and by cesarean section were 20 years and 22.5 years, 27.6 weeks and 30.1 weeks, and 26.0 kg/m2 and 27.8 kg/m2, respectively. With respect to neonatal blood gas parameters, for those born vaginally and by cesarean section, the median pH was 7.32 and 7.24, the pCO2 was 41.5 mmHg and 51.1 mmHg, and the pO2 was 22.3 mmHg and 16 mmHg. The median fetal weight among those born by cesarean section and vaginally were 1180 g and 955 g, respectively. The median Apgar scores at the first and fifth minutes among those born by cesarean section and vaginally were 5.00 and 8.00 and 4.50 and 7.00, respectively. Conclusion: There was no significant difference between the results of vaginal and cesarean delivery for VLBW infants. Thus, further studies on this subject are needed.展开更多
文摘Objectives: Since studies demonstrate that neonates born to mothers having been cared for premature labor will suffer from congenital neonatal sepsis, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence and main risk factors of neonatal infection among mothers having experienced a prior premature labor. Methods: This was a cross sectional study carried out from January 1st throughout 31st December, 2013 at the university clinics of Kinshasa. It concerned all delivered women at term having been cared for premature labor prior to giving birth a live newborn. Maternal variables of interest were: parity, gestation, age, intrapartum fever, malaria, urogenital infection during the last 2 weeks before delivery (UGI), premature rupture of membranes (PROM), cervical cerclage, meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) and the way of delivery. For neonates attention was paid on gestational age, birth weight, admission at neonatal intensive care unit (ANICU) and infection as stated within three days after birth. T-test and Chi-square were used where appropriate. Logistic analysis was used to determine the risk for maternal variables to induce neonatal infection (OR and CI), the significance stated at p < 0.05. Results: Fifty two mother-infant couples were recruited. Of these 19 neonates were infected (prevalence of 36.5%). Mean age, gestational age and birth weight were 30.19 ± 5.32 years, 37.2 ± 2 weeks and 2638 ± 588 g, respectively. Infected neonates had their gestational age and birth weight significantly lower whilst proportion of ANICU higher than that on non infected. Prematurity, PROM, UGI, prior cerclage and MSAF were significantly more frequent in couples with neonatal infection. Prematurity, birth weight <2500 g and UGI were found to enhance the risk by 3 to 4 times. Conclusion: The prevalence of neonatal infection was very high. Prematurity, birth weight <2500 g and maternal UGI were found to enhance the risk by 3 to 4 times.
文摘Measles infection in pregnant women is a very dangerous clinical condition.Patients usually had complicated pneumonia,and virus could pass through the placenta to the fetus and lead to premature delivery,stillbirth,miscarriage and neonatal measles.In this report,one such case,which was diagnosed by clinical signs and symptoms,clinical and laboratory examination was described.After proper therapeutic treatment,the infection was well-controlled and a baby was born by nature labor.
文摘Different methods have been proposed to screen for preterm labor and delivery; most of these aim to pre-dict the risk that preterm delivery is going to take place. However, interesting though this knowledge might be, knowing the future is of no use when no changes can be made. Recent publications have suggested new and exciting modalities to actually diminish the frequency of preterm birth in patients selected by transvaginal cervical length measurement; these modalities include vaginal progesterone and vaginal pessaries. Although promising, many questions remain to be answered; not least about the long term outcome for both neonates and mothers, but also on the eventual introduction of such strategies to the general obstetric population. One of the main problems that urgently needs clarifcation is how we are going to offer this best of medicine to those needing it most: deprived and socially isolated women who have the highest risk for preterm laborand delivery, probably not due to any congenital cervi-cal problems, but to a combination of environmental, microbiological and social factors, including transgen-erational poverty and deprivation.
文摘There are ongoing debates about the definition, classification and prevalence of premature ejaculation (PE). The first evidence-based definition of PE was limited to heterosexual men with lifelong PE who engage in vaginal intercourse. Unfortunately, many patients with the complaint of PE do not meet these criteria. However, these men can be diagnosed as one of the PE subtypes, namely acquired PE, natural variable PE or premature-like ejaculatory dysfunction. Nevertheless, the validity of these subtypes has not yet been supported by evidence. The absence of a universally accepted PE definition and lack of standards for data acquisition have resulted in prevalence studies that have reported conflicting rates. The very high prevalence of 20%-30% is probably due to the vague terminology used in the definitions at the time when such surveys were conducted. Although many men may complain of PE when questioned for a population-based prevalence study, only a few of them will actively seek treatment for their complaint, even though most of these patients would define symptoms congruent with PE. The complaints of acquired PE patients may be more severe, whereas complaints of patients experiencing premature-like ejaculatory dysfunction seem to be least severe among men with various forms of PE. Although numerous treatment modalities have been proposed for management of PE, only antidepressants and topical anaesthetic creams have currently been proven to be effective. However, as none of the treatment modalities have been approved by the regulatory agencies, further studies must be carried to develop a beneficial treatment strategy for PE.
文摘There have been a limited number of epidemiological studies published on sexual disorders in persons from Asia. This paper aims to assess the reports of sexual dysfunction epidemiological studies published in the English language that involved Asian countries. Key points are summarized in this paper from nine epidemiological papers on sexual dysfunction from Asia that were published in the English language. Seven met the criteria for evidence-based studies reaching a Prins score of at least 10 or more. Papers included in this report came from national and regional representative studies in peer review journals. These results for sexual dysfunction in the nine papers are summarized for various sexual dysfunctions in men and women in Asian countries. In three of these, worldwide data were presented in the same paper allowing comparisons with Asian data on prevalence rates. Detailed descriptions from each of these studies are presented in paragraph form. More detailed data on erectile dysfunction (ED) is presented in a tabular form. Collectively, there seems to be a need for country- and population-specific further descriptive and analytical epidemiological studies in all of the sexual disorders from Asia. This critical review paper should help guide these studies for reachinj[ evidence-based literature standards.
文摘In this study, we aimed to investigate the prevalence and perception of premature ejaculation (PE) in young and middle-aged Korean men. The study was conducted using an Internet-assisted questionnaire. A total of 2 037 Korean male adults, aged 20 years or older, were randomly sampled based on age and residency. The questionnaire developed by the PE Study Group of the Korean Andrological Society includes four categories (overall sexual function, symptoms, distress and treatment) with a total of 16 questions. For each question, symptoms were evaluated by a scale ranging from 0 to 10. Intravaginal ejaculation latency time was ‘5-10 min' in 38.6%, followed by ‘longer than 10 min' in 2919%, ‘2-5 min' in 23.6%, ‘1-2 min' in 5.4% and ‘shorter than 1 min' in 2.5%. In our series, 27.5% of respondents reported having PE. Control over ejaculation within a recent 3-month period was 6.2 points on average. Respondent complaints of PE-related stress averaged 7.1 points and stress-related complaints from sexual partners averaged 7.1 points. The effect of PE on sexual life was 6.8 points. Of the respondents determined as having PE, 42.6% responded that they were inclined to receive treatment. Results from this study suggest that the prevalence of PE diagnosed by the respondent on his own was approximately 27.5% in young and middle-aged men in Korea. PE-related stress had a significant effect on the stress, sexual activity and quality of life of the respondent and his sexual partner.
文摘Introduction: Prematurity is the leading cause of neonatal death in Africa. More than a million children die each year due to co-morbidities related to prematurity. In addition to being one of the causes of neonatal deaths, the health problems associated with prematurity can also lead to severe lifelong impairment in those who survive. Objectives: This paper aims to determine the epidemiology and identify co-morbidities of prematurity in the neonatology units of the Douala General Hospital (DGH) and the Laquintinie Hospital of Douala (LHD). Patients and Methodology: We conducted an analytical retrospective cohort study from January 2015 to January 2018 in the neonatology department of the GDH and the LHD, which are considered reference hospitals for the management of preterm babies in Cameroon. We included all newborns aged less than 37 weeks admitted to the neonatology units of the GDH and the LHD. The descriptive component was based on the analysis of quantitative variables using measures of central tendency. The analytical component was evaluated using Spearman correlations and the Chi-square and Fisher tests. Simple and multiple logistic regressions measured factors predictive of mortality. The Kaplan Meier survival curve used the Log Rank test and significance at p ≤ 0.05. Results: We recorded 908 preterm newborns in neonatal service and 1,124 preterm deliveries in maternity, representing an incidence of 32.5% in neonatal unit and 10.6% in maternity. 51% of whom were girls, given a sex ratio M/F of 0.9. Hypertension was the main prenatal pathology (9.1%), while premature rupture of membranes: PROM (35.5%) and eclampsia/pre-eclampsia (18.6%) were the most common obstetrical pathologies. 75.9% of deliveries were vaginal with 65.2% being performed in our referral hospitals. Gestational age ranged from 22 to 36 weeks, with a mean of 32.4 weeks. Late preterm birth rate was 53.7%, and birth weight varied between 590 and 3200 g with an average of 1747 ± 479 g. The percentage of low birth weight (1500 - 2499 g) preterm infants was predominant (65.3%), and the intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) was estimated to be 12.4%. The majority (96.7%) had pathologies in the neonatal period, the most common being neonatal infection (86.9%). The case-fatality rate was 27.4%, compared to 72.6% live births. Factors influencing mortality are risk of premature labour, gestational age ≤ 32 SA, premature birth in hospitals other than our two referral hospitals, birth weight ≤ 1500 g, Apgar at the 10th minute, late secondary anaemia, hospital resuscitation, oxygen therapy, and duration of hospitalization Conclusion: The incidence of prematurity and the mortality rate remains high in neonatal units in Cameroon. Adequate monitoring of pregnancies and management of preterm infants remains a challenge in our context.
基金Research in the Gao's laboratory is supported by National Key Research and Development Project 2022YFC2704602 and 2022YFC2704502National Natural Science Foundation of China 82120108011+1 种基金Major Project of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission’s Scientific Research and Innovation Plan 2021-01-07-00-07-E00144Strategic Collaborative Research Program of the Ferring Institute of Reproductive Medicine FIRMA200502.
文摘Preterm birth is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in newborns and children under 5 years-of-age.In order to improve the survival rate and quality of preterm infants,there is critical need to identify the specific mechanisms underlying the initiation of labor.Pregnancy represents a period of constant interactive dialog between mother and fetus.A disturbance in the pattern of maternal-fetal communication can induce physiological or pathological labor.Although a number of studies have investigated the contributions of maternal factors to the initiation of labor,the concept that fetal organ development and maternal adaptation are coordinated has emerged over recent years,thus emphasizing that factors of fetal origin may serve as hormonal signals for the initiation of labor.In this review,we summarize and discuss several specific mechanisms by which factors of fetal origin may influence parturition during term or preterm labor,including the specific regulation of fetal organs,including the lungs and accessory organs during pregnancy.Future research may focus on the specific pathways by which signals from the fetal lungs and other fetal organs interact with the maternal system to initiate eventual labor.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Project No.2019YFC1005203National Natural Science Foundation of China No.81771608 and 82120108011+2 种基金Major Project of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission’s Scientific Research and Innovation Plan No.2021-01-07-00-07-E00144“Dawn”Program of Shanghai Education Commission No.17SG36The Program for Professor of Special Appointment(Eastern Scholar)at Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learning.
文摘Preterm labor(before 37 weeks’gestation)is the leading cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity,which can be divided into iatrogenic preterm labor,infectious preterm labor,and spontaneous preterm labor(sPTL).Up to now,there continue to be great difficulties in prediction and prevention of sPTL,owing to multiple risk factors,pathogenesis,and pathologic processes contributing to the event,which have not been fully clarified.Pregnancy maintenance and parturition is a complicated process with continuous maternal-fetal dialogue,in which both maternal and fetal factors participate and affect the outcome of pregnancy,including sPTL.Besides,external factors can also participate in sPTL,individually or through the interaction with internal factors.In this article,we summarize recent studies regarding sPTL from our and other groups,and discuss the risk factors and pathogenesis of preterm birth from both external and internal(maternal and fetal)aspects,so as to provide theoretical evidences for the diagnosis,prevention,and treatment of sPTL in the future.
文摘AIM: To analyze the incidence and risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 568 premature infants from September 2005 to December 2010 with birth weight (BW) equal to or less than 2 500g or a gestational age (GA) at birth of 34 weeks or less. All of the members were examined by indirect binocular ophthalmoscopy. RESULTS: ROP occurred with an incidence rate of 10.7% among 568 premature infants, and stages 3 and above ROP occurred with an incidence rate of 2.5%. This study showed the infants were more prone to develop ROP with short geststional age, low BW, long time of oxygen inhalation, and severe infants diseases. Twins had a significantly higher rate of ROP (18.3%) than singleton babies (9.8%), ROP were severer in twins than singleton babies. CONCLUSION: Short GA, low BW, long time of oxygen inhalation, severe infants diseases, and non-singleton babies were the most significant risk factors associated with ROP.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81770936)Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province(No.2021SF-159,No.2017SF-222,No.2015SF-217)。
文摘AIM:To report the changes in detection rate and characteristics of retinopathy of prematurity(ROP)in infants,during a 12-year period in Northwest China.METHODS:The medical records of infants were retrospectively collected and reviewed using an established clinical database.The detection rate and severity of ROP were compared between two consecutive periods(P1:2008-2013,P2:2014-2019).Gender,gestational age(GA),birth weight(BW),multiple births,delivery pattern,and postmenstrual age of the first fundus screen were analyzed in all visiting infants.RESULTS:During the 12-year study period,7832 infants were initially included;among them,1266(16.16%)were diagnosed with ROP,441 of whom(5.63%)developed severe ROP.Throughout the study period,the total number of infants being screened showed a trend of slight fluctuation after a rapid increase;however,an annual increase was observed in the number of infants diagnosed with ROP and severe ROP.The proportion of each stage at the first screening of infants with ROP was stable.The detection rate of ROP increased from 2.33%in 2008 to 16.18%in 2010,decreased to 10.73%in 2014,and then increased to 27.47%in 2019.For severe ROP,the detection rate gradually increased from 0 in 2008 to 12.49%in 2019.Among the infants with ROP,96(7.58%)did not meet the screening criteria set by the Chinese Medical Association in 2014(GA<32wk,or BW<2000 g);among them,14(1.11%)needed treatment because of severe ROP.CONCLUSION:From 2008 to 2019,the detection rates of ROP and severe ROP in infants screened in Northwest China were 16.16%and 5.63%,respectively.The characteristics of the ROP infants were similar to those in other middle-income regions.The"tertiary prevention network of ROP"is a potentially effective screening approach.
文摘The mode of delivery and gestational age for very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) preterm infants are not yet well established and are constant topics of debate. Objective: To analyze the impact of delivery mode on morbidity in preterm infants weighing less than 1500 g. Results: Among 21,957 births, 81 were analyzed;53 were delivered vaginally, and 28 were delivered by cesarean section. The median maternal age, gestational age and body mass index among those delivered vaginally and by cesarean section were 20 years and 22.5 years, 27.6 weeks and 30.1 weeks, and 26.0 kg/m2 and 27.8 kg/m2, respectively. With respect to neonatal blood gas parameters, for those born vaginally and by cesarean section, the median pH was 7.32 and 7.24, the pCO2 was 41.5 mmHg and 51.1 mmHg, and the pO2 was 22.3 mmHg and 16 mmHg. The median fetal weight among those born by cesarean section and vaginally were 1180 g and 955 g, respectively. The median Apgar scores at the first and fifth minutes among those born by cesarean section and vaginally were 5.00 and 8.00 and 4.50 and 7.00, respectively. Conclusion: There was no significant difference between the results of vaginal and cesarean delivery for VLBW infants. Thus, further studies on this subject are needed.