Predicting Birth-Related Levator Ani Tear Severity in Primiparous Women: Evaluating Maternal Recovery from Labor and Delivery (EMRLD Study)

Objective: To determine which maternal characteristics or birth events independently predict severity of levator ani muscle (LA) tears at first vaginal birth in a longitudinal/observational investigation in a tertiary care hospital. Sample: Ninety primiparas with at least one at risk for LA tear inclusion factor at vaginal birth: maternal age ≥ 33 years, second stage ≥ 150 minutes, macrosomia, instrumented delivery, and/or anal sphincter laceration were studied. Methods: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) was obtained early postpartum (mean ± sd 48.9 ± 21.6 days) to identify LA tear. Severity of LA muscle fiber loss was graded on an ordinal scale of: “0” as no loss, “1” as <50% unilateral loss, “2” as ≥50% unilateral or <50% bilateral loss, and “3” as ≥50% bilateral loss. Data were analyzed using proportional odds modeling. Inclusion factors were explored as predictors of LA tear severity and at analysis episiotomy, time spent actively pushing, epidural, and oxytocin were also considered. The main outcome measures of interest included grading of severity of LA muscle fiber loss on an ordinal scale. Results: Respective counts/percentages of women within each 0 thru 3 ordered category of LA tear severity were: “0” = 58(64%), “1” = 9(10%), “2” = 15(17%), and “3” = 8(9%). Estimates and 95% CI for significant demographic or obstetric univariate predictors of LA tear severity level were age, OR 1.093 (CI 1.012 - 1.180), p = 0.023;and time spent in active pushing, OR 1.089 (CI 1.005 - 1.180), p = 0.038. The other factors considered were not significant. There were too few women with forceps deliveries to analyze. Conclusion: In our enriched sample of primiparous women, 26% showed a significant LA tear. Maternal age and time spent actively pushing independently predict LA tear severity.

Birth outcomes among laboring mothers in selected health facilities of North Wollo Zone, Northeast Ethiopia: A facility based cross-sectional study

Background: Poor birth outcomes are common health problems everywhere in the world. Hence institutional delivery in Ethiopia is very low, improving birth outcomes through recent evidence remained critical. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of poor birth outcomes and associated factors among women who delivered in selected health facilities of North Wollo Zone. Methods: A facility based cross-sectional survey was conducted on 295 laboring mothers from May to June 2009. Interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. Patient’s chart was reviewed to retrieve medical information. Anthropometry of the neonate was taken by standard measurement tools. Data were analyzed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS), version 15. Binary logistic regression analyses were used to identify predictors of poor birth outcomes. P-value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: All the data resulted from 295 laboring mothers were made part of the analyses. A total of 266 (90.2%) laboring mothers gave live birth. A quarter, 68 (23.1%) of the laboring mothers had a poor birth outcome. The common adverse outcomes were intrauterine fetal death (IUFD, preterm, and birth defects with the proportion of 29 (42.6%), 22 (32.4%), and 3 (4.4%), respectively). Mother whose husband’s occupation was merchant (AOR = 4.4, 95% CI: 1.0-19.0), driver (AOR = 4.2, 95% CI: 1.12-15.76), & women who were illiterate (AOR = 4.0, 95% CI: 1.2-13.5), primary school completed (AOR = 4.3, 95% CI: 1.3-13.8), non-antenatal care visited (AOR = 3.4, 95% CI: 1.12-10.2), rural residence, (AOR = 2.6, 95% CI: 1.11-5.80), & mother’s HIV status, (AOR = 34.2, 95% CL 5.6, 207.0) were independent predictors of poor birth outcomes. Conclusions: Poor birth outcomes were very common in the study area where low birth weight accounted for much of all adverse pregnancy outcomes. Occupation, residence, antenatal care visit, income, maternal education and HIV status were determinants of poor birth outcomes. Accessing antenatal care in early trimester, mild physical work, maternal education to secondary level and above should be encouraged.

Comparative study for success rate of vaginal birth after cesarean section following labor induction by two forms of vaginal dinosprostone: A pilot study

Background: Cesarean delivery has become the most common major surgical procedure in many parts of the world. Induction of labor in women with prior cesarean delivery is an alternative to mitigate the rising cesarean rates. Objectives: To compare the VBAC success rate between two vaginal forms of dinoprostone for labor induction in women with prior cesarean section. Material and Methods: A pilot study was conducted at a large Governmental Hospital, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, including 200 women with prior cesarean section and planned for labor induction. Participants were randomly allocated into two groups. Group A (n = 100) received dinoprostone 1.5 mg vaginal tablet. Group B (n = 100) received 10 mg dinoprostone sustained release vaginal pessary. Primary outcome was vaginal delivery rate. Secondary outcomes included maternal and neonatal outcomes. Results: The dinoprostone vaginal tablet and dinoprostone vaginal pessary had a comparable vaginal delivery rate (67% and 64%, respectively;p = 0.78). The median patient satisfaction with the birth process was superior in the dinoprostone vaginal pessary group (p = 0.04). Maternal and neonatal outcomes were similar in both groups. Conclusion: Both forms of dinoprostone were effective methods for labor induction in women with prior cesarean section. However, the patient satisfaction with the birth process was in favor of the dinoprostone sustained release vaginal pessary.

The Combination of the Fetal Fibronectin Bedside Test and Cervical Length in Preterm Labor Is Useful for Prediction of Preterm Birth

Objective: To determine the value of fetal fibronectin (FFN), cervical length (CL) measurement and their combination as binary predictors for preterm birth (PB) in women with preterm labour (PTL) between 24 + 0 and 34 + 0 weeks. Methods: One hundred fifty-nine patients with signs of PTL (singleton pregnancies (SP) = 125, twin pregnancies (TP) = 34) were evaluated in a retrospective study. Inclusion criteria were contractions > 4/20 min, intact membranes, no bleeding. The cut-off was ≥50 ng/ml for FFN and ≤20 mm for CL measured by transvaginal ultrasound. The primary outcome variable was delivery within 7 days from admission. Results: We evaluated 125 SPs and 34 TPs. In SPs, both methods had a sensitivity of 80%;the specificity was 82% for FFN, and 50% for CL. For the combination of both tests sensitivity was 80% and specificity 88%. In TPs, the sensitivity of both tests was lower (FFN 33%, CL 67%) but the combination of both tests represented the highest result for specificity (77% compared to 68% for FFN alone and 32% for CL alone). Conclusion: The combination of FFN and CL in PTL results in a significant higher specificity in SPs. In TPs the performance of the tests is less accurate.

Role of Vaginal Progesterone in Prevention of Preterm Labor in Women with Previous History of One or More Previous Preterm Births

Objective: To evaluate whether prophylactic administration of 200 mg vaginal progesterone can reduce the incidence of preterm birth in women with documented history of preterm birth Setting: Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Zagazig University Hospital, Egypt. Methods: Ninety patients with previous history of preterm birth prior to 37 week presenting with singleton pregnancy between 20 - 24 weeks were randomly allocated to receive either the progesterone 200 mg vaginal suppository or no treatment. Results: The incidence of preterm labor before 37 weeks of gestation was significantly lower in the study group than in the control group (22.2% vs. 53.3%) especially in earlier gestational ages. While, the mean birth weight was significantly higher in the study group than in control group (2872.67 ± 565.76 gm vs. 2487.78 ± 742.40 gm). The neonatal morbidities and mortality associated with preterm labor were significantly lower in the study group than in the control group as shown by lower incidence of neonatal RDS (13.3% vs. 31.1%;P = 0.043) and lower incidence of the need for NICU admission (15.6% vs. 35.5%;P = 0.03). Conclusion: Administration of prophylactic vaginal progesterone (200 mg, daily) can significantly reduce the rate of preterm birth before 37, 32 and 28 wks of gestation among women with previous spontaneous preterm birth. In addition, the rates of RDS and admission to NICU were significantly decreased among infants of women assigned to progesterone treatment. Also, there was an additional benefit of vaginal progesterone for prevention of preterm birth in women who had prior spontaneous preterm birth and cervical length 25 mm.

Effect of upright and ambulant positions versus lying down during the active first stage of labor on birth outcomes among nulliparous women:randomized controlled clinical trial

Objective:To examine the effect of upright and ambulant positions versus lying down during the active first stage of labor on birth outcomes for nulliparous women.Methods:This is a randomized controlled clinical trial conducted at the delivery department of Damanhour Educational Institute,El Behira Governorate,Egypt.The study sample involved 150 parturient women equally divided into intervention and control groups using randomization block technique.The researchers used four tools for data collection:Demographic data interview schedule,World Health Organization Partograph,Apgar’s score,to evaluate neonatal outcomes,and visual analogue pain intensity scale.For the study group,the parturient women were encouraged to assume one of the upright positions or ambulating around the bed so as to maintain the pelvis in vertical plane as far as possible for 20-25 min for every 1 h.The control group received routine hospital care,which includes lying down in bed.IBM SPSS 23.0 was used to analyze the data.Results:Significant differences(P<0.05)were observed between the study and control groups in relation to cervical dilation,fetal head descent,uterine contractions interval,and frequency.The duration of the first stage of labor significantly reduced(P=0.018)in the intervention group compared with control group.No significant differences(P>0.05)were observed between both groups in term of emergency cesarean birth rates,oxytocin use,and neonatal outcomes.Conclusions:This study proves that upright and ambulant positions significantly enhance uterine contractility,cervical dilatation,and fetal head descent and reduce the first stage duration.

Manual Uterine Fundal Pressure in the Spontaneous Delivery during the Second Stage of Labor: A Pilot Case-Control Study Following an Analysis of Questionnaire Survey

Background: Recent obstetrical practice tends to avoid the use of manual uterine fundal pressure (MUFP);however, data showed that MUFP is actually employed. We here attempted 1) to determine the obstetricians’ attitudes towards MUFP via questionnaire, and 2) to examine whether MUFP shortens the 2nd stage of labor, with the latter tested as a pilot study. Methods: A questionnaire-based study was carried out (n = 122) at meetings of Obstetrics on May 5, 2017. Then, we conducted a pilot case-control study from August 23 to September 6, 2020. Participants (n = 29) were divided into two groups;women who did and did not want MUFP;i.e., MUFP (n = 14) vs. (Non-MUFP) group (n = 15). Results: Of 122 doctors, 99.18% (121/122) used MUFP at cesarean section. 95.90% (117/122) of institutions used MUFP in spontaneous delivery. 95.08% (116/122) obstetricians considered MUFP effective and helpful. 85.24% (104/122) considered that MUFP should be employed after station +3. In the case control study, MUFP vs. Non-MUFP group showed the second-stage-duration of 58.5 (50.25 - 71.25) vs. 48 (39 - 59) minutes, without statistical significance (P = 0.101). However, importantly, MUFP, compared with Non-MUFP group, showed a significantly shorter duration from head visible on introitus (apparition) to delivery;i.e., 21.26 ± 7.32 vs. 30.13 ± 10.61 minutes (P = 0.014). Conclusions: MUFP is still used widely and MUFP shortened the duration of head apparition to delivery time. Larger-sample studies are needed to confirm the efficacy and safety of MUFP.

Comparison of PAMG-1 and phIGFBP-1 Tests for the Prediction of Preterm Delivery in Patients with Preterm Labor

Objective: To compare PAMG-1 and phIGFBP-1 tests in predicting impending spontaneous preterm delivery within 7 days upon presentation in pregnant women with symptoms of preterm labor. Study Design: From September 2014 to April 2015 women with singleton gestation, symptoms of preterm labor, GA 22 - 35, participated in this prospective cohort study upon admission. Recruited patients had intact membranes and a minimal cervical dilatation of ≤3 cm. Vaginal swabs for phIGFBP-1 and PAMG-1 were taken in addition to routine treatment. Biochemical test results were blinded and had no effect on management of patients. Results: A total of 96 patients were screened for inclusion into the trial;57 met the inclusion criteria for final analysis. The PAMG-1 test was positive in 5.7% of patients, while phIGFBP-1 test was positive in 29.8% of patients. The prediction of spontaneous preterm delivery within 7 days of admission in patients with a cervical length Conclusion: Our study supports the high negative predictability of biochemical tests to rule out spontaneous preterm labor in patients with a short cervix. However, our study strongly suggests that the PAMG-1 test is more accurate for predicting imminent spontaneous preterm delivery as compared to phIGFBP-1. These findings can significantly reduce economic burden caused by unnecessary admission and treatment of patients suspected of preterm labor. Such a reduction in the use of corticosteroids and tocolytics would lead to a reduction in the short and long term health effects associated with the use of therapeutic drugs like corticosteroids, antibiotics and tocolytics.

Labor Pain through the Eyes of Brazilian Women and Delivery Nurses

Objective: Understanding the perception of women who have recently given birth in a Brazilian hospital regarding labor pain and nursing involvement in the labor process. Methodology: exploratory, descriptive and qualitative study carried out in a Maternity part of the supplementary health system in the Federal District (DF). Data were collected between May and July 2015 through interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire. The sample consisted of 16 mothers and data analysis followed Bardin methodology in three phases. Results: The pain experienced during labor is surrounded by feelings and expectations. Both positive and negative feelings experienced by mothers were identified in the interviews and unanimous opinion was the fact that the second stage is the most painful period as continuous pain is experienced. Some of the participants compared pain with strong menstrual cramps, renal colic and back pain;others, said labor pain was the strongest ever experienced. The immediate contact with the newborn was referred to as a reward for coping with breast pain and suffering. Other factors such as the importance of follow-up, support and coping with the pain and care provided by health staff were also highlighted. Conclusion: empowerment of the mother and family through knowledge is considered an important tool to fight pain and cope with the birth process in a positive and physiological way, which in the long run promotes a cultural change in the population regarding the importance of vaginal birth.

Factors of Fetal Origin in the Regulation of Labor Initiation and Preterm Birth

Preterm birth is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in newborns and children under 5 years-of-age.In order to improve the survival rate and quality of preterm infants,there is critical need to identify the specific mechanisms underlying the initiation of labor.Pregnancy represents a period of constant interactive dialog between mother and fetus.A disturbance in the pattern of maternal-fetal communication can induce physiological or pathological labor.Although a number of studies have investigated the contributions of maternal factors to the initiation of labor,the concept that fetal organ development and maternal adaptation are coordinated has emerged over recent years,thus emphasizing that factors of fetal origin may serve as hormonal signals for the initiation of labor.In this review,we summarize and discuss several specific mechanisms by which factors of fetal origin may influence parturition during term or preterm labor,including the specific regulation of fetal organs,including the lungs and accessory organs during pregnancy.Future research may focus on the specific pathways by which signals from the fetal lungs and other fetal organs interact with the maternal system to initiate eventual labor.

Risk Factors Associated with Unsuccessful Vaginal Birth after One Cesarean (VBAC-1) in Puerto Rico

Background: Cesarean section (CS) has increased steadily over the last decade, with an estimated one-third of women delivering by cesarean section worldwide. Objective: Our study aimed to investigate the demographic and associated factors influencing vaginal birth after one cesarean (VBAC-1) success focusing on variables like pre-pregnancy BMI, diabetes, hypertension, education, and smoking. Study Design and Methods: In this retrospective study, we analyzed 285 cases (81 unsuccessful VBAC-1, 204 successful VBAC-1) from San Juan City Hospital (Puerto Rico) between January 1, 2019, and December 31, 2020. We used odds ratios and model selection comparison to assess the impact of variables on successful VBAC-1, using a significance threshold of 95% CI. Model selection assessed binomial model combinations using a generalized linear approach to identify key risk factors. Results: Unsuccessful VBAC-1 (a repeat cesarean), was associated with diabetes (OR: 0.376, p = 0.086), hypertension (OR: 0.23, p = 0.006), and university-educated women (OR: 1.372, p = 0.711). High school-educated women had an OR of 3.966 (p = 0.105), while overweight women were 0.481 times more likely to have unsuccessful VBAC-1 (p = 0.041). Significant associations were not found with obesity (OR: 0.574, p = 0.122), underweight/normal (OR: 1.01, p = 0.810), or smoking (OR: 1.227, p = 0.990). Conclusion: Results revealed women with higher education levels, hypertension, or diabetes are less likely to have a successful VBAC-1. Understanding the complex interactions affecting these outcomes is aimed at establishing guidelines for healthcare professionals to conduct systematic risk/benefit assessments. This study lays a foundation for evidence-based practices and policies, offering initial insights into VBAC-1 success factors in Puerto Rico.

The impact of child births on female labor force participation in China

Adjustments to fertility policy in recent years have led to changes in fertility level and these have had an impact on the overall population and have implications for labor force participation.In particular,fertility policy adjustments have had a direct influence on the female labor force.This paper uses data from China Family Panel Studies in 2016 to test the impact that increases in the number of child births that have occurred as result of shifts in fertility level are having on women’s labor force participation.Our findings show that the influence of the number of children on the participation of married women in the labor force is shown by a“U-shaped”non-linear relationship dominated by substitution effect and income effect.The turn-ing point of urban married women from the substitution effect to the income effect occurs earlier than it does for rural married women.This means that urban married women are more sensitive to the economic pressure that results from child births.Therefore,the Universal Two-Child policy,introduced at the beginning of 2016,inevitably has a direct negative effect on women’s labor force participation.Help-ing women to maintain work-family balance has become a problem that must be addressed at present.

Vaginal Birth after a Cesarean Section at Good Shepherd Mission Hospital at Tshikaji in Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)

Background: The success rate of vaginal birth after cesarean section with a single cesarean scar is greater than 50%, the lack of the information about the safety of vaginal birth after cesarean delivery pushes most of obstetricians to increase the num ber of cesarean sections following a previous cesarean section. Guidelines for Vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC) indicate that TOLAC offers women with no contraindications and one previous transverse low-segment cesarean. The objective of the current study was to study the outcome of trial of labour after caesarean section (TOLAC), the indications for emergency repeat cesarean section and to determine the maternal and fetal prognosis in vaginal birth after caesarian section (VBAC) at Tshikaji Mission Hospital. Patients, Material and Methods: This is a retrospective study of the records of 126 women were selected to undergo the TOLAC in the department of gynecology and obstetrics at the Tshikaji Mission Hospital over the period from January 1st to December 31st, 2021. The data on demography, antenatal care, labour and delivery and outcomes were collected from the maternity unit of this hospital. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 2.0. Results: The TOLAC in 126 studied women. The course of work allowed vaginal delivery 107 parturient women, a success rate of successful VBAC of 85% after the TOLAC. The repeat emergency cesarean section was necessary for delivery in 15% of cases for failed TOLAC. There was no maternal mortality, but we recorded one fetal death or 0.8% of perinatal mortality, 2 cases of cicatricial dehiscence, the incidence of 1.6%. Maternal morbidity after delivery on cicatricial uterus was dominated by postpartum hemorrhages, with 19 cases or 15.1% of cases. Cervical dilatation of more than 3 cm at the time of admission, the parity more than 3 and were the significant factors in favor of a successful VBAC. Birth weight of more than 3500 g, fetal distress and malpresentation were associated with a lower success rate of VBAC. The TOLAC in selected cases has great importance in the present era of the rising rate of primary CS especially in rural areas. Conclusion: Pregnancy on a cicatricial uterus represents a high-risk pregnancy. Trial of VBAC in selected cases has great importance in the present era of the rising rate of primary CS especially in rural areas. There is a significantly high vaginal birth after caesarian section (VBAC) success rate among selected women undergoing trial of scar in Tshikaji Hospital. TOLAC remains the option for childbirth in low resource settings as Kasai region in DRC. Adequate patient education and counselling in addition to appropriate patient selection for TOLAC remain the cornerstone to achieving high VBAC success rate.

剖宫产后阴道试产在无阴道分娩史妇女早产中的应用

目的探讨剖宫产后阴道试产(TOLAC)在无阴道分娩史的妇女早产中的应用。方法回顾性纳入2018年1月至2022年6月在本院接受TOLAC的无阴道分娩史且因早产住院的116名孕妇。根据TOLAC是否成功将研究对象分为TOLAC成功组(n=89)和TOLAC失败组(n=27)。采用最小绝对收缩和选择算子(LASSO)回归筛选TOLAC成功率相关变量,并构建TOLAC成功率预测模型,采用一致性指数(C-index)对预测模型进行内部验证。结果TOLAC成功组及TOLAC失败组的入院时宫颈扩张、入院时宫颈消失、破膜时间比较差异均有统计学意义(t=3.382、3.377、2.027,P<0.05),两组间的入院时硬膜外镇痛、Bishop评分<4、引产、胎膜早破、催产素给药比例比较差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)值分别为3.517、8.024、14.111、6.570、4.038,P<0.05)。共纳入9个变量(入院时宫颈扩张、入院时宫颈消失、硬膜外镇痛、Bishop评分<4、引产、胎膜早破、破膜时间、催产素给药、分娩时宫颈扩张)用于LASSO回归筛选TOLAC成功率预测变量。应用列线图显示TOLAC成功率模型的预测因子:入院时宫颈扩张(OR=1.11,95%CI:1.04~1.19,P=0.003),引产(OR=0.89,95%CI:0.79~1.00,P=0.049),催产素给药(OR=0.71,95%CI:0.58~0.88,P=0.002),胎膜早破(OR=3.27,95%CI:2.49~4.45,P<0.001),Bishop评分<4(OR=0.33,95%CI:0.17~0.62,P=0.001)和硬膜外麻醉(OR=2.92,95%CI:1.42~6.48,P=0.005)。内部验证的结果显示以C指数衡量的TOLAC成功率的预测准确性为0.89。结论该模型对无阴道分娩史的早产妇女是否可行剖宫产后阴道试产的评估,有一定指导意义。

自由体位与仰卧位分娩干预对产程进展及分娩结局的影响

目的比较自由体位与仰卧位分娩对产程进展及分娩结局的影响。方法选取2019年7月至2022年7月安徽省蚌埠市第三人民医院待产的100例产妇,按照随机数字表法将其分为仰卧位组和自由体位组,每组50例。仰卧位组第一产程采用仰卧位,至宫口全开;第二产程采用膀胱截石位;自由体位组第一与第二产程均由产妇根据自身舒适度和喜好选择体位。比较两组第一、二、三产程,产后2 h出血量;采用麦吉尔疼痛问卷表评估两组分娩疼痛情况,包括疼痛分级指数(PRI)、现有疼痛强度(PPI)、目测类比定级法(VAS);比较分娩结局。结果自由体位组第一、二、三产程短于仰卧位组,产后2 h出血量少于仰卧位组(P<0.05)。自由体位组PRI、PPI、VAS评分低于仰卧位组(P<0.05)。两组产程停滞、新生儿窒息、产后出血比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。自由体位组宫缩乏力、软产道裂伤发生率低于仰卧位组(P<0.05)。结论自由体位分娩有利于缩短产妇产程,减轻分娩疼痛,改善分娩结局。

分娩镇痛初产妇产程中入量管理研究

目的 探讨饮食方式对分娩镇痛足月初产妇分娩结局的影响。方法 单胎足月初产妇400例随机分为观察组和对照组,观察组行入量管理及个体化的饮食指导。对照组根据孕妇的意愿进食水,比较2组分娩质量,初产妇呕吐,发生率、因宫缩乏力使用缩宫素率、产时发热率、会阴侧切率、转剖宫产率、阴道助产率、产后出血率;比较2组第一产程时间、第二产程时间、分娩镇痛时长及产后2 h出血量;比较2组新生儿Apgar评分、随机血糖、脐动脉血pH值、脐动脉血乳酸(Lac)值、新生儿窒息发生率、新生儿发热率、新生儿血糖异常发生率。结果 观察组产妇呕吐的发生率、因宫缩乏力使用缩宫素率、产时发热率、会阴侧切率、转剖宫产率、阴道助产率均低于对照组;观察组产后出血率、第一产程时间、第二产程时间、分娩镇痛时长及产后2 h出血量小于对照组,观察组新生儿高血糖的发生率和新生儿低血糖发生率低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组脐动脉血pH值、Lac值、新生儿Apgar评分、新生儿随机血糖、新生儿窒息率、新生儿发热率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 产程中对产妇进行入量管理及个体化的饮食指导可以减少宫缩乏力发生率,缩短产程持续时间,降低难产发生率,减少产后2 h出血量及降低新生儿血糖异常的发生率。

椎管内分娩镇痛产妇产时发热预测模型的建立与验证

目的建立椎管内分娩镇痛产妇产时发热预测模型并验证其效能。方法选择2021年1—12月行椎管内分娩镇痛产妇2276例作为训练集,年龄≥18岁,BMI 18.5~40.0 kg/m^(2),ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,根据产妇是否出现产时发热(体温≥38.0℃)分为两组:发热组与未发热组。采用多因素Logistic回归分析确定椎管内分娩镇痛产妇产时发热的危险因素并建立预测模型。选择2022年1—3月于同一医院行椎管内分娩镇痛产妇568例作为验证集,纳入标准与训练集相同,通过R语言进行模型的外部验证。结果本研究训练集中有197例(8.7%)产妇出现产时发热;验证集中有46例(8.1%)产妇出现产时发热。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,训练集中初产妇、中性粒细胞计数升高、贫血及预估新生儿体重增加是产时发热的独立危险因素,体表面积增大和分娩镇痛前宫口增大是产时发热的保护因素。根据上述危险因素建立椎管内分娩镇痛产妇产时发热的预测模型,受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线下面积(AUC)为0.698(95%CI 0.660~0.732),敏感性为83.2%,特异性为47.9%。验证集中通过R语言进行外部验证,预测模型的AUC为0.703(95%CI 0.634~0.772),敏感性为65.2%,特异性为71.3%。结论初产妇、中性粒细胞计数升高、贫血及预估新生儿体重增加是产时发热的危险因素,体表面积增大和分娩镇痛前宫口增大是保护性因素,基于这些指标构建的预测模型可以较好地在分娩镇痛前预测产时发热的发生。

第二产程高半卧位体位分娩在硬膜外分娩镇痛中的应用研究

目的:探讨第二产程高半卧位体位在硬膜外镇痛分娩初产妇中应用的有效性及安全性。方法:采用随机数字表法将2021年5月1日至7月30日在杭州市妇产科医院分娩的120例孕妇随机性的分为研究组(n=60)和对照组(n=60)。对照组第二产程采用仰卧位体位用力,研究组在第二产程采用仰卧位体位用力30分钟,未见胎头拨露时改为高半卧位体位用力。比较不同分娩体位对硬膜外镇痛分娩初产妇的第二产程时长、分娩方式、产后出血量、会阴损伤情况、分娩用力经验感受及分娩控制感的影响,比较新生儿窒息的情况。结果:研究组宫口开全至胎头拨露时长、宫口开全至胎头着冠时长、第二产程时长均短于对照组;自然分娩率高于对照组;会阴切开率和会阴Ⅱ级裂伤率低于对照组;产时+产后2小时出血量少于对照组;分娩体验感及分娩控制感分数高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。新生儿1分钟Agpar评分与5分钟Agpar评分在两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:硬膜外分娩镇痛下高半卧位体位的应用可以促进阴道自然分娩,缩短第二产程时间,减少会阴损伤情况,减少产后出血量,有较正向的分娩用力经验感受,可以增加分娩控制感。

分娩球运动联合合谷穴按压对产妇自然临产及分娩结局的影响研究

目的探讨孕38周始行分娩球运动联合合谷穴按压对产妇自然临产及分娩结局的影响。方法采用简单随机抽样的方法选取1000例孕37~37+6周单胎头位初产妇,分为观察组及对照组,各500例。观察组在参加常规孕期保健基础上接受助产士门诊分娩球运动联合合谷穴按压,对照组采用常规孕期保健及临产后指导方法。比较两组产妇临产方式、分娩孕周、延期妊娠、分娩方式、妊娠结局(产后2 h出血量、新生儿出生后1 min的Apgar评分、产后出血、新生儿窒息)及经阴道分娩的产程时间。结果观察组414例完成研究,其中361例经阴道分娩;对照组463例完成研究,其中363例经阴道分娩。观察组自然临产率88.89%、未延期妊娠率90.58%高于对照组的82.51%、84.88%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组分娩孕周比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组经阴道分娩率87.20%高于对照组的78.40%、剖宫产率12.80%低于对照组的21.60%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组产后2 h出血量、产后出血发生率及新生儿出生后1 min的Apgar评分、新生儿窒息发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组经阴道分娩的第一产程持续时间(8.86±5.12)h、总产程持续时间(9.87±5.24)h均短于对照组的(9.68±5.05)、(10.67±5.27)h,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组经阴道分娩的第二产程持续时间及第三产程持续时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论孕38周始行分娩球运动联合合谷穴按压具有降低延期妊娠率、促进自然临产、提高阴道分娩率及缩短产程的作用。

分娩球联合自由体位改善初产妇妊娠体验及结局的研究

目的探讨对初产妇联合应用分娩球与自由体位的临床价值,并分析联合干预对产妇疼痛感、分娩控制感以及妊娠结局的影响。方法选择2021年8月—2022年10月泉州市第一医院产科分娩的102例初产妇设为研究对象,并依托信封法将入组患者随机分为研究组与对照组。对照组患者接受常规围产期干预,研究组产妇开展分娩球配合自由体位助产。对比2组产妇产后2 h出血量、第一产程、第二产程、第三产程时间差异,使用麦吉尔疼痛问卷(McGill pain questionnaire short-form,MPQ)评估2组产妇产痛得分差异,使用分娩控制量表评估2组产妇分娩控制感差异,对比2组产妇不良分娩结局差异。结果研究组产妇的产后2 h出血量、第一产程、第二产程以及第三产程分别为(180.23±20.98)mL、(400.92±121.89)min、(35.28±10.12)min、(5.10±1.21)min,低于对照组的(205.23±23.19)mL、(513.18±132.11)min、(41.89±11.23)min和(6.18±1.54)min(P<0.05)。研究组产妇的视觉模拟量表评分、言语反应量表评分以及疼痛强度量表评分分别为(6.23±1.32)分、(20.01±6.23)分、(2.32±0.56)分,低于对照组的(7.13±1.56)分、(25.63±5.18)分和(3.01±0.96)分(P<0.05)。研究组产妇的分娩控制感得分为(165.86±20.16)分,显著高于对照组的(146.35±16.89)分(t=12.516,P<0.001)。研究组产妇不良分娩结局中胎心减速以及胎儿窒息发生率均低于对照组产妇(P<0.05),2组分娩后5 min Apgar评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论将分娩球配合自由体位助产使用于初产妇群体中,效果确切,在降低产妇疼痛感、提高产妇分娩控制感以及降低不良妊娠发生率上具有明确效果,存在较好的临床应用前景。