Chronic stress is strongly associated with the occurrence and development of depression and cardiovascular disease.Stress can induce altered mitochondrial function and activation of apoptosis in the cardio-cerebral sy...Chronic stress is strongly associated with the occurrence and development of depression and cardiovascular disease.Stress can induce altered mitochondrial function and activation of apoptosis in the cardio-cerebral system.However,it is unknown whether the protein kinase C ε（PKCε）-aldehyde dehydrogenase 2（ALDH2） pathway is altered under chronic stress,and this study sought to address this question.A rat model of depression was established using a chronic unpredictable mild stress（CUMS） protocol.After experiencing CUMS for 4 weeks,the sucrose preference test and the forced swim test verified depressive-like behaviors.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assays showed that ALDH2 activity was decreased in the rat hippocampus and prefrontal cortex,but was not altered in the myocardium.Western blot assays demonstrated reduced levels of ALDH2 and PKCε,but increased levels of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal（4 HNE） adducts.Caspase-3 expression did not obviously alter,but active forms of caspase-3 were increased in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex.In the myocardium,expression of ALDH2,PKCε and 4 HNE adducts did not remarkably alter;while caspase-3 expression was reduced and the active forms of caspase-3 were upregulated.Pearson＇s correlation test demonstrated that expression of 4 HNE adducts was positively correlated with levels of the active forms of caspase-3 in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex,but not in the myocardium.In conclusion,chronic stress can damage the PKCε-ALDH2 signaling pathway in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex,but not in the myocardium.Moreover,4 HNE is associated with active forms of caspase-3 in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex.展开更多
目的:通过研究银屑病患者皮损处真皮间充质干细胞(DMSCs)中磷脂酶C-β4(PLCB4)和视黄醇脱氢酶(RDH)10mRNA的表达水平,进一步探讨银屑病发病的细胞及分子机制。方法:对24例寻常性银屑病(PV)患者和22例正常人皮肤DMSCs进行分离培养,流式...目的:通过研究银屑病患者皮损处真皮间充质干细胞(DMSCs)中磷脂酶C-β4(PLCB4)和视黄醇脱氢酶(RDH)10mRNA的表达水平,进一步探讨银屑病发病的细胞及分子机制。方法:对24例寻常性银屑病(PV)患者和22例正常人皮肤DMSCs进行分离培养,流式细胞术进行细胞表型鉴定,实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(PCR)测定PLCB4和RDH10 mRNA表达水平。结果:PV组与正常对照组DMSCs形态无差异。PV组患者DMSCs中PLCB4 m RNA的表达水平是正常对照组的3.35倍,RDH10 mRNA的表达水平是正常对照组的1.17倍。结论:银屑病患者DMSCs中PLCB4和RDH10 m RNA表达均增高,可能影响相关信号通路,进而对银屑病发病产生影响。展开更多
目的:探讨CXC趋化因子受体4(CXCR4)高表达诱导肺腺癌细胞产生吉非替尼耐药的潜在机制。方法:检测含EGFR-19del点突变的肺腺癌细胞中CXCR4的表达情况,以siRNA干扰或慢病毒感染调控细胞CXCR4的表达,通过克隆形成、CCK-8、流式细胞凋亡术...目的:探讨CXC趋化因子受体4(CXCR4)高表达诱导肺腺癌细胞产生吉非替尼耐药的潜在机制。方法:检测含EGFR-19del点突变的肺腺癌细胞中CXCR4的表达情况,以siRNA干扰或慢病毒感染调控细胞CXCR4的表达,通过克隆形成、CCK-8、流式细胞凋亡术、细胞凋亡相关蛋白测定、裸鼠皮下成瘤等实验鉴定细胞的吉非替尼敏感性。采用免疫共沉淀结合质谱分析法筛选CXCR4的相互作用蛋白。检测细胞的有氧糖酵解水平,并检测细胞在糖酵解抑制剂处理下的吉非替尼敏感性。结果:PC9/GR细胞存在显著的吉非替尼耐药性,PC9/GR细胞的吉非替尼IC50是PC9细胞的近100倍(19.15μmol/L vs 0.195μmol/L)。CXCR4在PC9/GR细胞中高表达(>4倍高于PC9细胞),抑制CXCR4可显著逆转PC9/GR细胞的耐药性。过表达CXCR4可诱导PC9细胞产生耐药,使吉非替尼IC50由0.89μmol/L升高至10.10μmol/L。乳酸脱氢酶A(lactate dehydrogenase A,LDHA)是新型CXCR4底物:CXCR4过表达通过促进LDHA磷酸化,从而增强细胞的有氧糖酵解功能;糖酵解抑制剂可显著逆转CXCR4高表达所诱导的吉非替尼耐药。结论:CXCR4高表达通过促进LDHA磷酸化使有氧糖酵解功能增强,从而诱导肺腺癌细胞产生吉非替尼耐药,是潜在的吉非替尼耐药治疗靶点。展开更多
The presence of lignin reduces the quality of lignocellulosic biomass for forage materials and feedstock for biofuels. In C4 grasses, the brown midrib phenotype has been linked to mutations to genes in the monolignol ...The presence of lignin reduces the quality of lignocellulosic biomass for forage materials and feedstock for biofuels. In C4 grasses, the brown midrib phenotype has been linked to mutations to genes in the monolignol biosynthesis pathway. For example, the Bmr6 gene in sorghum （Sorghum bicolor） has been previously shown to encode cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase （CAD）, which catalyzes the final step of the monolignol biosynthesis pathway. Mutations in this gene have been shown to reduce the abundance of lignin, enhance digestibility, and improve saccharification efficiencies and ethanol yields. Nine sorghum lines harboring five different bmr6 alleles were identified in an EMS-mutagenized TILLING population. DNA sequencing of Bmr6 revealed that the majority of the mutations impacted evolutionarily conserved amino acids while three-dimensional structural modeling predicted that all of these alleles interfered with the enzyme＇s ability to bind with its NAPPH cofactor. All of the new alleles reduced in vitro CAD activity levels and enhanced glucose yields following saccharification. Further, many of these lines were associated with higher reductions in acid detergent lignin compared to lines harboring the previously characterized bmr6-ref allele. These bmr6 lines represent new breeding tools for manipulating biomass composition to enhance forage and feedstock quality.展开更多
基金supported by the Medical Research Fund of Guangdong Province of China,No.B2014449a grant from the Science and Technology Project of Zhongshan City of China,No.2014A1FC137
文摘Chronic stress is strongly associated with the occurrence and development of depression and cardiovascular disease.Stress can induce altered mitochondrial function and activation of apoptosis in the cardio-cerebral system.However,it is unknown whether the protein kinase C ε（PKCε）-aldehyde dehydrogenase 2（ALDH2） pathway is altered under chronic stress,and this study sought to address this question.A rat model of depression was established using a chronic unpredictable mild stress（CUMS） protocol.After experiencing CUMS for 4 weeks,the sucrose preference test and the forced swim test verified depressive-like behaviors.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assays showed that ALDH2 activity was decreased in the rat hippocampus and prefrontal cortex,but was not altered in the myocardium.Western blot assays demonstrated reduced levels of ALDH2 and PKCε,but increased levels of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal（4 HNE） adducts.Caspase-3 expression did not obviously alter,but active forms of caspase-3 were increased in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex.In the myocardium,expression of ALDH2,PKCε and 4 HNE adducts did not remarkably alter;while caspase-3 expression was reduced and the active forms of caspase-3 were upregulated.Pearson＇s correlation test demonstrated that expression of 4 HNE adducts was positively correlated with levels of the active forms of caspase-3 in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex,but not in the myocardium.In conclusion,chronic stress can damage the PKCε-ALDH2 signaling pathway in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex,but not in the myocardium.Moreover,4 HNE is associated with active forms of caspase-3 in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex.
文摘目的:通过研究银屑病患者皮损处真皮间充质干细胞(DMSCs)中磷脂酶C-β4(PLCB4)和视黄醇脱氢酶(RDH)10mRNA的表达水平,进一步探讨银屑病发病的细胞及分子机制。方法:对24例寻常性银屑病(PV)患者和22例正常人皮肤DMSCs进行分离培养,流式细胞术进行细胞表型鉴定,实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(PCR)测定PLCB4和RDH10 mRNA表达水平。结果:PV组与正常对照组DMSCs形态无差异。PV组患者DMSCs中PLCB4 m RNA的表达水平是正常对照组的3.35倍,RDH10 mRNA的表达水平是正常对照组的1.17倍。结论:银屑病患者DMSCs中PLCB4和RDH10 m RNA表达均增高,可能影响相关信号通路,进而对银屑病发病产生影响。
文摘目的:探讨CXC趋化因子受体4(CXCR4)高表达诱导肺腺癌细胞产生吉非替尼耐药的潜在机制。方法:检测含EGFR-19del点突变的肺腺癌细胞中CXCR4的表达情况,以siRNA干扰或慢病毒感染调控细胞CXCR4的表达,通过克隆形成、CCK-8、流式细胞凋亡术、细胞凋亡相关蛋白测定、裸鼠皮下成瘤等实验鉴定细胞的吉非替尼敏感性。采用免疫共沉淀结合质谱分析法筛选CXCR4的相互作用蛋白。检测细胞的有氧糖酵解水平,并检测细胞在糖酵解抑制剂处理下的吉非替尼敏感性。结果:PC9/GR细胞存在显著的吉非替尼耐药性,PC9/GR细胞的吉非替尼IC50是PC9细胞的近100倍(19.15μmol/L vs 0.195μmol/L)。CXCR4在PC9/GR细胞中高表达(>4倍高于PC9细胞),抑制CXCR4可显著逆转PC9/GR细胞的耐药性。过表达CXCR4可诱导PC9细胞产生耐药,使吉非替尼IC50由0.89μmol/L升高至10.10μmol/L。乳酸脱氢酶A(lactate dehydrogenase A,LDHA)是新型CXCR4底物:CXCR4过表达通过促进LDHA磷酸化,从而增强细胞的有氧糖酵解功能;糖酵解抑制剂可显著逆转CXCR4高表达所诱导的吉非替尼耐药。结论:CXCR4高表达通过促进LDHA磷酸化使有氧糖酵解功能增强,从而诱导肺腺癌细胞产生吉非替尼耐药,是潜在的吉非替尼耐药治疗靶点。
基金supported by the Office of Science (BER),U.S. Department of Energy grant DE-FG02-07ER64458 (Wilfred Vermerris and Scott E. Sattler)additional funding from USDA-ARS,CRIS project 5440-21220-032-00D (S.E.S,Deanna L. Funnell-Harris.)+2 种基金USDA AFRI grant number 2011-67009-30026 (S.E.S,D.L.F.H.)USDA Biomass Research and Development Initiative grant number 2011-10006-30358 (W.V.)the U.S. DOE’s International Affairs under award number DE-PI0000031 from the U.S. DOE’s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy,Bioenergy Technologies Office (W.V)
文摘The presence of lignin reduces the quality of lignocellulosic biomass for forage materials and feedstock for biofuels. In C4 grasses, the brown midrib phenotype has been linked to mutations to genes in the monolignol biosynthesis pathway. For example, the Bmr6 gene in sorghum （Sorghum bicolor） has been previously shown to encode cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase （CAD）, which catalyzes the final step of the monolignol biosynthesis pathway. Mutations in this gene have been shown to reduce the abundance of lignin, enhance digestibility, and improve saccharification efficiencies and ethanol yields. Nine sorghum lines harboring five different bmr6 alleles were identified in an EMS-mutagenized TILLING population. DNA sequencing of Bmr6 revealed that the majority of the mutations impacted evolutionarily conserved amino acids while three-dimensional structural modeling predicted that all of these alleles interfered with the enzyme＇s ability to bind with its NAPPH cofactor. All of the new alleles reduced in vitro CAD activity levels and enhanced glucose yields following saccharification. Further, many of these lines were associated with higher reductions in acid detergent lignin compared to lines harboring the previously characterized bmr6-ref allele. These bmr6 lines represent new breeding tools for manipulating biomass composition to enhance forage and feedstock quality.
