Lactose-free milk powder can effectively relieve diarrhea symptoms in weaning SD rats and children

Diarrhea has become the leading cause of illness and death among infants and young children in developing countries.Clinically,patients with diarrhea showed damaged intestinal epithelial villi,usually accompanied by lactase deficiency.In this study,we evaluated the therapeutic effects of lactose-free milk powder on rats and children with diarrhea.Antibiotic-associated diarrhea(AAD)model was established by gavage with antibiotic mixture in SD rats,followed by administration of milk powder containing lactose or not.The results showed that lactose-free milk powder ameliorated A AD-related diarrhea symptoms,and accelerated the recovery from diarrhea.And 16S sequencing results indicated lactose-free milk powder contributed to increase theα-andβ-diversity of intestinal flora,and restore the intestinal microbiota disorder.In conclusion,our data demonstrate that lactose-free milk powder could alleviate diarrhea by restoring gut microbiota and intestinal barrier function.

Ice-Cream Production from Lactose-Free UHT Milk

In this research,the samples of ice-cream made from control and lactose-free UHT milk were investigated in terms of their physical,chemical and organoleptic properties.The pH of samples varied between 6.28 and 6.36.The pH values of samples of cocoa were higher than that of plain samples.The overrun ratio of samples varied between 21.06%and 32.68%.The overrun ratio of lactose-free samples was lower than that of control samples.The melting ratio of samples varied from 0.45 g/min to 0.61 g/min.The fat destabilization index of samples was around 41.06%and 58.01%.The fat destabilization index of plain samples was higher than that of cocoa adding samples.The viscosity of ice cream samples was between 23.21 Pa·s-26.42 Pa·s.The viscosity of lactose-free ice-cream samples was higher than that of control ice-cream samples.The glucose ratio of samples was between 1.20%and 1.60%.The sucrose ratio of lactose-free samples was higher than that of control samples.As the lactose amount of samples of lactose-free plain and cocoa ice-cream were found 0.11%and 0.16%,respectively,the control samples contained lactose at high level as 1.11%and 1.04%.Panelists preferred the cocoa ice-cream to samples of plain ice-cream.

Production of Corn (Zea mays) Starch and Cassava (Manihot esculenta) Starch and Their Application as Yogurt Stabilizer

The present study evaluated the stabilizing effect of starch produced from corns and cassava on the stability of cow milk yogurt. A sample of both corn and cassava starch was selected and used in the yogurt making as stabilizers. The yogurt samples have been analyzed for their WHC, syneresis and protein content. The yogurt with no added starch has found to have very low WHC and high syneresis compared to other samples. The yogurt made with the addition of corn starch as a stabilizer was highly accepted than the yogurt with cassava starch and the yogurt without starch. The findings from this study provide an alternative to add the value of local corns and cassava.

Physicochemical,rheological and antioxidant profiling of yogurt prepared from non-enzymatically and enzymatically hydrolyzed potato powder under refrigeration

Evidences show that the storage period greatly affects the quality of yogurt.In this study,three types of yogurt:control yogurt(CY),non-hydrolyzed potato powder yogurt(PPY)and enzymatically hydrolyzed potato powder yogurt(EHPPY)were prepared at 42℃ for 5 h and stored for 28 days at 4℃.The yogurts were evaluated for quality characteristics at different storage periods.Negligible differences in pH values,titratable acidities and viable counts were detected in all three types of yogurt during storage.However,compared to other yogurts,EHPPY exhibited desirable water holding capacity,throughout the storage period.Apart from this,sensory properties and antioxidant activities(2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl(DPPH)free radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power(FRAP))of EHPPY were also significantly improved during the storage period.Furthermore,the storage(G’)and loss(G”)modulus of PPY,EHPPY were lower than CY at 4℃ while a hysteresis loop was shown by all yogurts at the temperature range of 4-50℃ indicating higher G’(elasticity)than G”(viscosity).Based on our findings,EHPP could be an important functional ingredient in improving the quality and storage stability of yogurt for its production at an industrial level.

Impact of Inulin Extracted, Purified from (Chicory and Globe Artichoke) Roots and the Combination with Maltodextrin as Prebiotic Dietary Fiber on the Functional Properties of Stirred Bio-Yogurt

Inulin is a prebiotic dietary fiber that plays an integral role in producing functional dairy products with improved health benefits. Therefore, the objectives of this study are as follows: extract and purify inulin from chicory roots and globe artichoke roots;evaluate the physicochemical, functional properties and functional groups of the purified inulin;determine the functional properties of chicory roots inulin-maltodextrin and globe artichoke roots inulin-maltodextrin and compare it with that of the commercial inulin;examine the impact of various inulin on physiochemical, microstructural, textural, sensory characteristics and as prebiotic dietary fiber on probiotic bacteria’s viability of stirred bio-yogurt. The characteristics of the microstructure were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy to detect the functional group. The resulting inulin exhibited a high yield and purity along with enhanced functional properties. Stirred bio-yogurt fortified with chicory roots inulin or globe artichoke roots inulin showed enhanced physicochemical, microstructural, microbiological, and overall sensorial acceptability followed by chicory roots inulin-maltodextrin or globe artichoke roots inulin-maltodextrin and the commercial inulin as compared to the control. Stirred bio-yogurt samples can offer various health benefits and wide applications as supplement of prebiotic dietary fiber in dairy industry.

植物乳杆菌和嗜酸乳杆菌微胶囊酸奶的研制

以鲜牛乳为原料,添加植物乳杆菌和嗜酸乳杆菌微胶囊制备酸奶。以产品的酸度、黏度、pH、感官评分为评价指标,通过单因素试验、正交试验和主成分分析(PCA)对结果进行综合分析,优化酸奶工艺,且通过体外模拟胃肠液试验,探究微胶囊酸奶中乳酸菌的存活率。结果表明,酸奶的最佳配方为以鲜牛乳为原料,发酵剂添加量0.2%,白砂糖添加量8%,果胶添加量0.2%,微胶囊添加量2%,发酵温度41℃,发酵时间9 h。在此优化条件下制作的酸奶质地细腻,组织状态均匀,感官评分为85分,其黏度、酸度、pH值分别为410 m Pa·s、137°T、5.2,其理化和微生物指标均符合国家标准。体外模拟试验结果表明,与添加乳酸菌菌粉制成的酸奶相比,添加乳酸菌微胶囊制成的酸奶经胃液和肠液后,存活率达到67.60%和62.00%,分别增加了36.21%和33.94%。乳酸菌微胶囊添加到酸奶中,为新型酸奶食品的研发提供参考依据。

Characterization of yogurt goat milk added Aloe vera and Stevia rebaudiana with functional potential

The search for functional foods with health benefits has increased,and yogurt represents one of these products due to their properties,such as,source of probiotics that favour the gastrointestinal system,contains vitamins,minerals and improves the action of enzymes.Present work investigated bromatological,microbiological,sensorial properties and shelf-life of different yogurt goat milk formulations with Aloe vera and natural sweeteners.The goat yogurt with 99.40%A.vera pulp and 0.60%S.rebaudiana presented the best nutritional composition,being suitable for human consumption representing an innovative product with a great functional potential.The synergy between the ingredients used in the yogurt processing resulted in an innovative product to the market.Goat milk has a lower cost per liter in comparison with cow milk,Aloe vera is accessible due to its fast-vegetative propagation,Stevia Rebaudiana has a great popularity for being a natural sweetener with no calories,and all these products are produced in México.

单、双峰骆驼酸奶品质与风味的比较

目的:分析对比单、双峰酸驼乳的品质与风味。方法:通过理化检验、质构分析、流变学分析、固相微萃取—气相色谱—质谱法、感官评价等方法检测单、双峰酸驼乳的品质与风味组成。结果:单峰酸驼乳的活菌数、蛋白质、脂肪、总固形物含量以及抗氧化活性均低于双峰酸驼乳(P<0.05),贮藏稳定性优于双峰酸驼乳(P<0.05)。双峰酸驼乳的硬度显著高于单峰酸驼乳(P<0.05),单峰酸驼乳的黏附性绝对值、内聚性、胶黏性显著高于双峰酸驼乳(P<0.05),两者的弹性和咀嚼性无显著差异。单、双峰酸驼乳的表观黏度均呈现剪切稀释的流动特征,初始表观黏度分别为5.82,2.33 Pa·s;两者均能形成触变环,其面积分别为2421.82,3674.16 Pa/s;两者均表现出凝胶特性,单峰酸驼乳具有更高的弹性和黏性。单、双峰酸驼乳中共检出48种挥发性风味物质,其共有挥发性风味物质含量差异显著(P<0.05),其中,双峰酸驼乳中的挥发性酸类、酯类、醛类、酮类等风味阈值较低的物质相对含量高于单峰酸驼乳,使其风味更优。单峰酸驼乳的感官评分高于双峰酸驼乳(P<0.05)。结论:双峰酸驼乳的营养和风味物质含量更高,单峰酸驼乳在贮藏稳定性和口感方面更优。

香菜山药复合型酸奶的研制

本文以香菜汁、山药汁、鲜牛奶和蔗糖为原料研制复合型风味酸奶。首先采用单因素试验确定香菜汁、山药汁、发酵剂和蔗糖在酸奶中的添加比例。根据单因素实验结果,设计正交试验,并对酸奶的组织状态、色泽、风味3个指标进行感官评分,从而确定了香菜山药复合型酸奶的最佳配方:山药汁的添加量为10%,香菜汁的添加量为5%,发酵剂的添加量为0.5%,蔗糖的添加量为10.0%。

芒果-紫苏油功能性风味酸奶的工艺优化及品质测定

目的 探究芒果、紫苏油不同添加量对风味酸奶品质的影响,开发一种富含α-亚麻酸的功能性风味酸奶。方法 通过运用旋转黏度计测量黏度、酸度计评估酸度以及离心机分析持水力等实验手段,探究芒果泥与紫苏油的不同添加量对风味酸奶的黏度特性、酸度水平以及保水能力等方面所产生的影响。在此基础上,以感官评价为响应值,采用单因素试验和Box-Behnken响应面试验优化得到芒果-紫苏油功能性风味酸奶的最佳加工工艺,并通过蛋白质含量、酸度、α-亚麻酸含量、乳酸菌活菌数等指标分析其品质。结果 确定了芒果-紫苏油功能性风味酸奶的最佳制备工艺参数,即芒果泥添加比例为16%、紫苏油添加比例为5%、白砂糖添加比例为7%。在此最优工艺条件下制备出的酸奶,其感官评分达88.39分,与预测值88.65分极为接近,同时对其品质进行分析可知:该酸奶中蛋白质含量为3.06%,非脂乳固体含量为8.70%,脂肪含量为4.31%(其中α-亚麻酸含量为2.20%),酸度为85.72oT,乳酸菌活菌数为2.1×10~8 CFU/m L,大肠杆菌和致病菌均未检出,最终产品的感官指标、理化指标和微生物指标均符合GB 19302—2010《食品安全国家标准发酵乳》中的各项要求。结论 本研究开发出了一种果香与油香交融,营养与保健兼备的新型酸奶,引领了酸奶风味新趋势,为新型酸奶的开发提供了理论与技术支持。

乳清蛋白粉与豆乳不同质量比对凝固型沙棘酸奶品质的影响

以1 L鲜牛乳质量为基准,向其中加入乳清蛋白粉(WPP)、豆乳、沙棘果汁及菌种,混合发酵制备凝固型沙棘酸奶,探究WPP与豆乳不同质量比(WPP与豆乳总质量100 g,A组4∶0,B组3∶1,C组2∶2,D组1∶3,E组0∶4,F组不添加WPP和豆乳,G组不加沙棘果汁、WPP和豆乳)对凝固型沙棘酸奶理化特性、微观结构、质构特性及感官品质的影响。结果表明:B、C、D、E组酸奶发酵时间约为5 h,A、F、G组酸奶发酵时间约为6 h;各组酸奶脂肪含量差异不大,E组酸奶蛋白质含量最高,为4.55%;A组酸奶的持水力最高,为98.02%±0.05%;C组酸奶(硬度0.45 N±0.03 N,胶着性0.47 N±0.02 N,咀嚼性6.32±0.41,黏附性0.57 N·s±0.07 N·s)的质地和微观结构最佳,且C组在贮存3 d时的感官评分最高,为88.8。

人参果酸奶含片的加工工艺研究

以人参果、酸奶为主要原料,研制了一款有益于人体健康的含片。将人参果粉和酸奶粉充分混合,添加辅料,经过制粒、干燥等工艺制成含片,并通过单因素试验和正交试验优化了含片的工艺配方。结果表明,人参果酸奶含片的最佳配方为以酸奶粉质量为基准,人参果添加量15%、木糖醇添加量6%、CMCNa添加量8%、硬脂酸镁添加量1.0%,按此配方制作的人参果酸奶含片风味、质地最佳。

不同灭菌方式下的原料乳对自制酸奶品质的影响

自制酸奶具有制作方法简单、无添加剂等优势,但消费者对于自制酸奶原料乳的选择仍处于茫然阶段。结合感官评价和质构分析探讨不同灭菌方式下的原料乳对自制酸奶感官品质、质构特征的影响,发现以超高温灭菌乳为原料制得酸奶的感官品质优于巴氏杀菌乳所制得的酸奶。

模糊数学结合响应面法优化酸浆多糖酸奶工艺

以酸浆多糖、纯牛奶为主要原料,加入发酵菌粉进行发酵,研制一款具有独特酸浆香气且营养丰富的酸奶。以感官评分为指标,在单因素试验基础上采用模糊数学评价法与响应面法相结合的方法,优选出酸奶生产工艺。结果表明,当酸浆多糖添加量为2.2%,木糖醇添加量为4.9%,菌粉添加量为0.15%,发酵时间为8 h时,参照此条件制作的酸浆多糖酸奶组织均匀,润滑细腻且香气浓郁,感官评分为87.17分,与预测值相近。

不同添加量的双孢蘑菇粉对酸奶流变学和质构特性的影响

为研究双孢蘑菇粉对酸奶理化性质的影响,以酸奶为原料,探究将不同质量分数(0.0%、1.5%、3.0%、4.5%、6.0%和7.5%)的双孢蘑菇粉(Agaricusbisporus powder,ABP)添加到酸奶中,并对在不同ABP添加量下的酸奶流变学和质构特性进行研究。结果表明:当ABP添加量为1.5%时,酸奶的动态黏弹性、表观黏度、稠度、硬度和内聚性对比对照组均有所降低;而当ABP添加量高于1.5%时,酸奶的动态黏弹性、表观黏度、稠度、硬度和内聚性会随ABP添加量的增加而增大;扫描电镜结果表明,ABP添加量为0.0%和1.5%的酸奶表现为具有较多空隙的酪蛋白纤维状网络结构,并且随着ABP添加量的增加,纤维网络中的空隙逐渐被ABP颗粒所填充,形成致密连续的空间结构,使酸奶的硬度、粘稠度和稳定性得到增强。综合分析可知,当ABP的添加量为1.5%~3.0%时,可使酸奶具有较好的流变性和质构特性。本研究结果为双孢蘑菇风味乳制品的研究和开发提供了理论和数据支持。

酸奶加工工艺优化及其质量控制研究

在酸奶生产过程中,发酵时间、温度和原料配比,对酸奶品质、口感、质地和保质期有明显影响。因此,本文分析了酸奶加工工艺以及一系列质量控制措施,以确保酸奶品质。

植物酸奶品质优化的研究进展

植物酸奶的出现为牛乳蛋白过敏、高胆固醇、关注动物福利和环境保护人群带来了福音。然而,植物酸奶因存在乳清析出、异味及酸度不高等品质问题降低了消费者的喜爱度,因此对植物酸奶品质优化进行研究在拓宽植物基食品的商业应用方面意义重大。本文概述了不同来源植物酸奶营养、风味及质构上存在的主要品质问题,着重阐述了植物酸奶品质调控的相关手段及措施,包括配方改良、加工条件优化、发酵方式改善三方面的作用方式及效果,探讨了植物酸奶体系稳定、植物蛋白溶解性提高、凝胶网络交联加强等方面的机理。不同调控措施对植物酸奶品质的改良效果存在差异、各有优缺点,有时需多种方法配合使用,以最大化改善植物酸奶品质问题。最后展望了一些潜在的植物酸奶品质调控措施,以期为生产高品质植物酸奶提供指导方向。

枸杞酸奶的制备、质构品质和风味物质分析

该研究以枸杞浆、纯牛奶为主要原料,采用单因素试验和正交试验优化枸杞酸奶的配方和发酵条件,同时采用物性测定仪测定其质构参数,并采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱质谱联用仪测定其挥发性风味物质组成和含量。结果表明,最佳枸杞酸奶配方为:以纯牛奶为基准(质量分数),枸杞浆添加量5%,奶粉添加量3%,蔗糖添加量10%,发酵剂添加量0.1%,42℃条件下发酵8 h,其感官评分为85.2分,硬度28.32 g,稠度379.31 g·sec,粘聚性-18.35 g,粘度指数-16.98 g·sec,酸度值100.20°T。相关性分析表明,枸杞酸奶的硬度与色泽和组织状态呈极显著负相关(r<0.001),稠度与口感呈极显著正相关(r<0.01),色泽和组织状态呈极显著正相关(r<0.001),组织状态和风味呈显著正相关(r<0.05),以及风味与口感呈极显著正相关(r<0.001)。枸杞酸奶含有32种挥发性风味物质,含量为1417.09μg/kg。枸杞浆中的醛类等是枸杞酸奶中枸杞风味主要来源。研发的枸杞酸奶色泽柔和,质地均匀,稠度适中,口感细腻,酸甜适宜,兼顾营养和风味。

铁皮石斛熟地酸奶的研究与开发

为了充分开发药食两用材料铁皮石斛和熟地的利用价值,丰富酸奶的种类,以全脂奶粉、鲜铁皮石斛、熟地和木糖醇为原料,研究了铁皮石斛熟地酸奶的制作工艺。以感官品质为评价指标,通过单因素试验和正交试验,探讨铁皮石斛浸提液添加量、熟地浸提液添加量、木糖醇添加量、奶粉添加量、菌种添加量以及发酵时间对铁皮石斛熟地酸奶品质的影响,确定其最佳工艺。铁皮石斛浸提液添加量5%,熟地浸提液添加量6%,木糖醇添加量11%,奶粉添加量17%,菌种添加量0.32%,得到产品的综合感官评分90.5。42℃条件下发酵6 h后置于4℃冰箱后11 h得到的铁皮石斛熟地酸奶酸甜适中,口感爽滑,质地细腻,呈稳定均一的淡黄色,具有铁皮石斛特殊的青草香味,理化指标与微生物指标均符合国家标准要求。

黑木耳黑色素酸奶的研制及其抗氧化活性

黑色素作为黑木耳主要生物活性成分之一,具有较强的抗氧化性能。在酸奶中添加了黑木耳黑色素,进行了工艺优化,包括单因素及正交试验。获得的最佳制备工艺参数为:黑木耳黑色素添加量10%、菌种添加量10%、发酵时间5.0 h。用此工艺参数制得的酸奶色泽正常,呈淡灰色,组织状态均匀细腻,奶香浓郁,酸甜比例适宜,感官评分为95分。同时,测得其黏稠度为74.23 g,储藏期为13 d,抗氧化能力及乳酸菌总数指标也均高于未加黑木耳黑色素的酸奶。该酸奶营养丰富,有更高的保健功能和饮用价值,增加了人们对市售酸奶的选择。