Sedimentology and Sequence Stratigraphy of Marine to Lacustrine Deltaic Deposits in a Craton Basin and Their Controlling Factors: Shan 2 Member–He 8 Member(Guadalupian–Lopingian, Permian), Southeast Ordos Basin, North China

The Shan 2 Member, Shan 1 Member and He 8 Member of the Mid-Late Permian Shanxi and lower Xiashihezi formations, in the southeastern Ordos Basin, together comprise -150 m of deltaic deposits. This sequence records an overall evolution from deep marine environment to shallow lake associated with braided river, braided river delta and meandering river delta. Core description, well log interpretation, and stable isotope analysis, including carbon, oxygen and strontium, were conducted to understand the sedimentary evolution of Shan 2 to He 8 Member. The Shanxi Formation, which consists of the Shan 2 and Shan 1 members, is characterized by a tidal-influenced meandering river delta environment and a higher j13C value and S7Sr/S6Sr ratio and a lower jlSo value. The He 8 Member, the basal part of the Xiashihezi Formation, is featured by a braided river to braided river delta system and a lower j13C value, S7Sr/S6Sr ratio, and a higher jlSo value. Four third-order depositional sequences separated by five sequence boundaries are determined. Coarsening upward sequences of the Shan 2 Member-He 8 Member indicate a general regression trend, which can be correlated to global sea-level fall occurring during the Roadian-Wuchiapingian, as also evidenced by previous published zircon U-Pb results. The coal-bearing sequence （Shanxi Formation） to non-coal-bearing sequence （He 8 Member）, as well as a decrease of 87Sr/86Sr, suggest a trend from humid to arid climates. A combined effect of sea-level drop and a small uplift at the end of Shanxi Formation are proposed.

Cretaceous Sandbody Characters at Shallow-Water Lake Delta Front and the Sedimentary Dynamic Process Analysis in Songliao Basin,China

Based on the abundant information from drilling, cores, and logging, the influence of topography, size of rivers and lakes, climate changes and the lake level＇s fluctuation on the sandbodies at shallow-water delta front are systematically summarized and the sedimentary dynamic processes are analyzed. The interwell communication among the sandbodies and their planar distribution revealed from the hydrodynamic features of the development wells are integrated during the analysis. The fundamental requirements for the development of the shallow-water delta included flat topography and uniform subsiding rate. The delta plain was connected smoothly with the wide delta front and predelta, without the three-fold structure of topset, foreset, and bottomset as defined in the Gilbert Delta Model. Because of the weak fluvial effect and the lake energy is strong, the small and scattered shallow-water delta is destroyed by the scouring-backwashing, coastal current, and lake wave, resulting in the coastal sheet deposition. As the fluvial effect became stronger and the lake energy became weaker, the shape of the shallow-water deltas transferred from sheets to lumps and then branches.

Paleotopographic controls on facies development in various types of braid-delta depositional systems in lacustrine basins in China

Braid-delta depositional systems are widely developed in most continental basins in China. Research indicates that, for different types of braid delta, the facies sequence and association, which are critical to the prediction of the distribution of reservoirs, differ greatly. This study illustrates the differences in braid-delta depositional systems in terms of sedimentary characteristics, associated systems and reser- voir distributions using three typical paleodeltas in western China： the Zhenbei delta of the upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin, the Yuanba delta of the upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in the Sichuan Basin and the Jimsar delta of the upper Permian Wutonggou Formation in the Junggar Basin. A stratigraphic framework was established using seismic data, logs and cores by choosing stable mud sections as regional correlation markers and, topographies of these deltas were reconstructed based on the decompaction and paleobathymetric corrections. Based on both the paleotopography of these deltas and the differences of their sedimentary facies, these braided deltas can be classified into two systems： steep-gradient braid-delta-turbidite system and low-gradient braid-delta-lacustrine system. Moreover, the low-gradient braid-delta-lacustrine system can be further divided into interfingered and sharp contact sub-types according to the contact relation between the delta sands and lacustrine muds. This study shows that the paleotopography of basin margins strongly controls the accommodation as braid deltas prograde into lacustrine basins and, influences the location of the shoreline in response to changes in the lake level. Furthermore, paleotopography plays a significant role in facies and reservoir distribution which is important for petroleum exploration and development.

High-Resolution Sequence Stratigraphy of Shallow Lacustrine Delta Front: The Second Member of Sangonghe Formation, Central Junggar Basin

Shallow lacustrine delta front （SLDF） comprises mainly sheetlike subaqueous distributary channels （SDC） formed in shallow, gentle, and tectonically steady slope （Cai and Zhu, 2011）. SDC proves an important hydrocarbon reservoir type in the Daqing oilfield, Changqing oilfield, and the newly discovered Moxizhuang oilfield in Central Junggar Basin. However, SDC tends to prograde quickly and move laterally frequently,

Stratal Slice Recognition of Thin Shallow-Water Delta Sandbodies in the Songliao Basin

Objective China＇s petroleum exploration has entered a new stage of finding deeply buried thin sandbodies lbr the abundant oil resources they contain. Here thin sandbodies refer to those less than 10 m in thickness, or even less than 1-2 m. It is difficult to depict thin-layer sandbodies of different genetic types using conventional core, well logging and seismic data due to their limited vertical resolution in petroliferous basins. However, seismic sedimentology provides a new research method especially tbr thin sandbody interpretation, i.e., validating interpreted sedimentary sandbodies from 3D seismic data based on horizontal resolution, stratal slice and seismic geomorphology interpretation. At present, a series of studies on seismic sedimentology in North America marine basins and elsewhere have been completed successfully and are relevant to the exploration and development of oil and gas fields.

Reconstruction of the Lacustrine Delta and Lake Level Change Analyzing Subsurface Geology and Geomorphology: Changes That Occurred during the Holocene in the Oguraike Reclaimed Land Area, Southern Kyoto, Japan

A paleo-lacustrine delta in Kyoto, Japan was reconstructed on the basis of subsurface geological and geomorphological analysis, and paleo-lake level changes were estimated from the structure of the delta. These analyses of the study region, i.e., the Oguraike reclaimed land area provided evidence that Lake Ogura existed until about 60 years ago in southern Kyoto, Japan. The Uji river delta was provided influents to this lake until ca. 400 years ago, as is indicated by an upward-coarsening delta succession of about 2 - 4 m thickness. The lake level could also have changed in the past as a result of a change in altitude of the delta-front (foreset) and delta-plain boundary, which probably reflects the lake surface elevation. About 400 years ago, the Paleo-Uji River was separated from Ogura Lake because a levee was constructed along the river for building a castle and for constructing a waterway for transportation. As a result of this construction, the lake level that was more than 13.0 m in elevation was reduced by 1.5 m. In a more ancient times, the lake level experienced two stages—one in which the elevation was more than 13.5 m, and one in which the elevation was reduced to less than 10 m. These changes in the lake level are represented by a flat surface with four steps and small cliff of height ca. 0.5 - 2 m (relative elevation) separating them, recognized at the southern lakeshore. The observation of strata along with the archaeological survey in the north of Ogura Lake reveals that the lake level was decreased ca. 800 - 680 years ago. The lake level was at its highest during two periods, the first from before the 8th century to the end of the 8th century and the second from the 14th century to 400 years ago.

Sedimentary characteristics and implications for hydrocarbon exploration in a retrograding shallow-water delta:An example from the fourth member of the Cretaceous Quantou Formation in the Sanzhao depression,Songliao Basin,NE China

Based on the analysis of core,logging,and testing data,the fourth member of the Cretaceous Quantou Formation(K_(2)q^(4))in the Sanzhao depression,Songliao Basin,is investigated in order to understand the sedimentary characteristics and hydrocarbon exploration significance of a retrograding shallow-water delta.The results show that during the sedimentary period of K_(2)q^(4),the Sanzhao depression with a gentle basement experienced stable tectonic subsidence and suffered a long-term lake level rise caused by paleoclimate changes(from semiarid to semihumid),the K_(2)q^(4)in the study area were dominated by a fining-upward deltaic succession and had relatively stable thickness.From the bottom to the top,the color of mudstone gradually changes from purplish-red to gray and grayish-green,the contents of caliche nodules decrease gradually,while the presence of pyrite in sediments becomes frequent.Channel sandstones mainly composed of siltstone and fine sandstone with developed high-energy sedimentary structures constitute the main sand bodies of deltaic deposits,but the scale of channel sandstones decrease upward.Despite the long-term lake level rise and fining-upward sedimentary succession,purplish-red mudstone,caliche nodules and thin channel sandstones are still broadly distributed in the study area,and thin channel sandstones can be found at the top of K_(2)q^(4)covered by the black oil shale of Qingshankou Formation.These assertations suggest that the study area was dominated by retrograding shallow-water delta deposits during the sedimentary period of K_(2)q^(4).In comparison with modern Poyang Lake,we infer that during the sedimentary period of K_(2)q^(4),the study area experienced frequent lake level fluctuations triggered by paleoclimate changes despite the long-term lake level rise,and the lake level fluctuations control the deposition of retrograding shallow-water delta.In addition,most of the thin channel sandstones distributed at the top of K_(2)q^(4)and covered by black oil shale are generally immersed in oil,indicating that the thin channel sandstones formed at the top of a retrograding shallow-water delta sedimentary succession are favorable targets for lithological reservoir exploration.

Identification Marks of Cretaceous Shallow-Water Delta in the Songliao Basin,China

Shallow-water deltas are now a research focus of international sedimentology. Researchers have recently discovered that water depth is an important controlling factor for the development of shallow deltas, and that significant differences exist between shallow-water deltas and the traditional Gilbert deltas. The identification marks of shallow-water deltas are critical for better understanding sedimentary characteristics of these deltas. In continental basins, especially China＇s Mesozoic and Cenozoic continental basins, shallow-water deltas are widely developed. Thus, this work took the Songliao Basin as an example to analysis this kind of deltas.

水流输入对大比降入湖三角洲演化的影响评估试验

三角洲是河流携带泥沙入湖或入海时泥沙沉积形成的一种河口地貌。当三角洲上游地势相对较高、整体纵比降较大时,局部沉积体具有冲积扇的特性,三角洲演化过程表现出复杂系统的不确定性。通过进行重复自然模型试验,评估了两种不同流量水流输入对大比降三角洲沉积体形成演化的影响。基于三角洲沉积体横断面结构的多峰高斯函数拟合及其特征参数时变波动性的统计分析,结果表明,在小流量条件下三角洲上游堆积体具有多方向发展的不确定性,在大流量条件下堆积体具有纵向多层级结构化发展的不确定性特征。

Geologic-seismic models,prediction of shallow-water lacustrine delta sandbody and hydrocarbon potential in the Late Miocene,Huanghekou Sag,Bohai Bay Basin,northern China

The Huanghekou Sag is located at the southeast part of the Bohai Bay Basin, northern China. Large-scale shallow lake delta developed in the Neogene provided suitable geological conditions for the formation of a subtle oil-gas reservoir in this area. The key for analyzing sandstone reservoir and sedimentary facies is by using seismic attributes(amplitude) to establish the relationship between lithology combination and seismic attributes. The lower unit of Late Miocene Minghuazhen Formation at the BZ34 block in the Huanghekou Sag was subdivided into 10 parasequence sets(PSS). Thicker sandstones mainly occurred in PSS1 and PSS10, whereas thin sandstones are mostly observed within other parasequence sets. This study presents statistics and analyses of lithology, i.e., statistics of root-meansquare(RMS) amplitude and lithology of well locations in different parasequence sets of the study area,as well as 1-D forward seismic models of 7 types of lithology combinations, the establishment of a spatial distribution of 2-D sandbody, forward seismic models etc. Our study indicates that high amplitude peaks correspond to thicker sandbodies, while low amplitude indicates non-development of sandbodies(generally less than 2 m), and medium amplitude agrees well with large sets of mudstones interbedded with medium and thinner sandstones. Different sand-mudstone combinations genetically reflect a combination of multiple micro-facies, therefore, amplitude features can predict sandbodies as well as facies characteristics.

断陷湖盆陡坡带早期斜向扇三角洲形成机制、发育规律及勘探启示:以东营凹陷北带为例

断陷湖盆作为全球最重要的含油气盆地类型之一,在盆地早期的充填演化过程中,其陡坡带往往能够形成厚达上千米的砂砾岩沉积建造,成为油气勘探的重要领域。目前对这些巨厚层砂砾岩的沉积成因认识仍存在较多的争议。本次研究以济阳坳陷典型的断陷湖盆——东营凹陷陡坡带盐家地区为例,基于高分辨率三维地震数据体、岩心、录井、测井等地质资料,综合运用地震地层学、构造地质学、沉积学和流变学分析方法,对前期在断陷湖盆陡坡带早期发现的斜向扇三角洲的发育特征及其形成演化机制进行了研究,取得了以下主要认识:(1)斜向扇三角洲沉积物中砾石含量相对较高,由牵引流和重力流共同形成,石英含量平均40%~55%,发育扇三角洲平原、扇三角洲前缘和前扇三角洲亚相,其地震响应特征在顺物源方向表现为(斜交、叠瓦和帚状)前积相,在垂直物源方向表现为充填相;(2)斜向扇三角洲主要发育于断陷早期,并于断陷中期大量消亡,扇体与边界断层以低角度斜交,角度通常不会超过45°,扇体的发育规模受到其根部所处位置的影响,扇体的消亡呈非等时性;(3)断陷湖盆陡坡带早期大型斜向扇三角洲的形成演化主要受控于4个因素:边界断层分段特征形成的转换构造为斜向扇三角洲的发育提供输送通道,断陷早期边界断层控制下的古凹槽为斜向扇三角洲的发育提供可容纳空间,断块间相互作用形成的破碎带为斜向扇三角洲的发育提供物质来源以及边界断层的硬连接导致斜向扇三角洲的消亡并向近岸水下扇转换;(4)已发现断陷湖盆陡坡带深层砂砾岩油气藏多属于斜向扇三角洲。本次研究指出陡坡带各级别转换带可作为勘探的重点靶区,布井方向应沿斜交边界断层。本研究不仅丰富了断陷湖盆陡坡带沉积理论,同时能够为中国陆相断陷盆地深层勘探提供新的思路和理论依据。

Effects of water level fluctuation on sedimentary characteristics and reservoir architecture of a lake, river dominated delta

The hydrodynamic conditions present in a river delta's formation are a highly important factor in the variation between its sedimentary regulation and characteristics. In the case of the lacustrine basin river-dominated delta, water level fluctuations and fluviation, are both important controlling factors of the sedimentary characteristics and reservoir architecture. To discuss the effects of water level fluctuation on sediment characteristics and reservoir architecture of this delta, the Fangniugou section in the east of the Songliao Basin was selected for study. Based on an outcrop investigation of the lacustrine basin river-dominated delta, combining with an analysis of the major and trace chemical elements in the sediments to determine the relative water depth, through architecture bounding surfaces and lithofacies division, sedimentary microfacies recognition and architectural element research, this work illustrated the effects of water level fluctuation on the reservoir architecture and established sedimentary models for the lacustrine basin river-dominated delta under various water level conditions. The results show that there are 8 lithofacies in the Fangniugou section. The fan delta front, which is the main object of this study, develops four sedimentary microfacies that include the underwater distributary channel, river mouth bar, sheet sand and interdistributary bay. The effects of water level fluctuation on different orders geographic architecture elements are respectively reflected in the vertical combination of the composite sand bodies, the plane combination of the single sand bodies, the particle size changes in the vertical of hyperplasia in the single sand body, the coset and lamina. In the case of the sand body development of the petroliferous basin, varying water level conditions and research locations resulted in significant variation in the distribution and combination of the sand bodies in the lacustrine basin.

断陷小湖盆扇三角洲前缘储层单砂体构型特征——以南堡凹陷高76断块沙三_(1)亚段为例

陆相断陷湖盆扇三角洲沉积具有相变快、砂体接触关系复杂的特点。以南堡凹陷高76断块沙三1亚段为例,根据岩心、测井和生产动态等资料,分析断陷小湖盆扇三角洲前缘单砂体构型特征,建立扇三角洲前缘三维构型模式。结果表明:研究区扇三角洲前缘砂体发育水下分流河道、河口坝、溢岸及水下分流间湾4种沉积微相类型。单砂体侧向拼接主要有4种样式,即水下分流河道—水下分流河道拼接型、水下分流河道—河口坝拼接型、河口坝—河口坝拼接型、泥岩分隔型。垂向上,单层单砂体发育水下分流河道—河口坝“上河下坝”叠置、多期河道叠置及多期河口坝叠置3种样式。平面上,研究区扇三角洲前缘砂体呈条带状或交织条带状展布,交织条带状砂体由多个单一条带状的单砂体组成。扇三角洲河口坝较发育,位于河口坝的上部,下切河口坝,发育“河在坝上走”的模式。单一水下分流河道砂体厚度介于2.00~6.30 m,宽度介于57.65~499.20 m,平均宽厚比约为41∶1;单一河口坝砂体厚度介于2.26~9.60 m,宽度介于106.26~651.00 m,平均宽厚比约为73∶1;单一溢岸砂体厚度介于0.60~3.46 m,宽度介于40.08~136.35 m,平均宽厚比约为25∶1。单砂体接触关系不同是井间连通性差异的重要影响因素。该结果为南堡凹陷剩余油挖潜及优化开发方案提供参考。

鄂尔多斯盆地长8油层组古地理环境与沉积特征

通过对地震、钻井资料的综合分析,认为延长组下部长8沉积时期鄂尔多斯湖盆可能不具有明显的"南陡北缓"的古地貌特征,也可能不存在大面积分布的半深湖—深湖环境。长8期湖盆古地形较为平坦,坡降不足0.1°或2m/km,气候较为干旱,湖泊水体为微咸水,水深小于10 m。具有如下特征的浅水湖泊三角洲为此时盆地的主体沉积类型:1)砂岩以中—细粒岩屑长石砂岩和长石岩屑砂岩为主;2)三角洲前缘延伸范围大(80～100 km),并频繁暴露;3)砂体主要为水下分支河道沉积成因;4)河口坝和重力流沉积不发育;5)吉尔伯特型三角洲具有的顶积、前积和底积三元结构在长8不发育。盆地南北古地形之间的显著差异出现在长8之后的长7早期,受印支运动及与盆地西南边缘毗邻的西秦岭强烈造山活动的影响,鄂尔多斯盆地的基底不对称挠曲变形,从而形成"南陡北缓"的盆地古地貌格局。从长7开始至晚三叠世末,盆内坡折带普遍发育,具有顶积、前积和底积三元结构的吉尔伯特型三角洲也就成为盆地内部最主要的沉积类型之一。

准噶尔盆地车排子地区新近系沙湾组沉积特征

根据岩心观察结果,结合钻井、地震及测井资料,对车排子地区新近系沙湾组沉积特征进行研究。结果表明:沙湾组发育辫状河三角洲-湖泊沉积体系,沉积物源来自北西方向的扎伊尔山;排2井区沙湾组二段下部砂体为水下分流河道沉积,而不是前人认为的滩坝沉积;沙湾组的平面沉积相呈北西-南东向展布,沉积演化从早到晚经历了辫状河三角洲前缘亚相、滨浅湖亚相和辫状河三角洲平原亚相的沉积时期;研究区水下分流河道和砂坝为有利储集相带。

陕甘宁盆地庆阳地区长8油层砂岩成岩作用及其对储层性质的影响

庆阳地区长 8油层为湖泊三角洲前缘沉积。水下分流河道和河口砂坝组成的指状砂坝控制了水下三角洲沉积格局。砂岩主要由细砂和少量中砂组成 ,砂岩类型主要为细粒岩屑长石砂岩和长石岩屑砂岩。主要成岩矿物为绿泥石环边、方解石胶结物、石英和长石加大生长、伊利石、伊—蒙混层、钠长石和高岭石等。绿泥石环边的发育对原生粒间孔的保存起到有利的作用 ,对石英和长石加大起到抑制作用。烃类注入时储层埋深已较大 ,不利于孔隙保存。储层发育粒间孔隙、粒内溶孔、铸模孔隙、特大孔隙、裂缝孔隙和微孔隙等多种孔隙类型 ,其中以粒间孔隙最为发育。局部发育的特大孔隙和伸长状孔隙表明该区发生了一定规模的次生溶蚀作用。长 8油层主要受埋藏作用的影响 ,成岩演化处于晚成岩A期。主要成岩相类型为绿泥石环边胶结成岩相、压实充填成岩相、压实压溶成岩相和碳酸盐胶结成岩相 ,不同成岩相类型决定了油气储层性质不同 ,绿泥石环边胶结成岩相构成了本区最好的储层类型。

断陷湖盆萎缩期浅水三角洲沉积演化与沉积模式——以东营凹陷牛庄洼陷古近系沙三段上亚段和沙二段为例

通过对东营凹陷牛庄洼陷沙三段上亚段和沙二段地层沉积体系的划分以及沉积体系与层序格架之间关系的研究,发现在断陷湖盆的萎缩期也可以发育大型浅水三角洲,与坳陷型湖盆浅水三角洲不同的是,它的主要的沉积微相类型、平面形态和砂体展布特征等具有明显阶段性的变化,并且该变化与湖盆体系域的演化有着密切联系。在低位和湖退体系域,三角洲主要发育水下分流河道微相,平面上形态与曲流河类似,有水下决口扇,单砂体厚度较大,但横向连续性差;而在湖进和高位体系域,三角洲主要发育分流河口砂坝微相,平面呈朵页状或舌状,单砂体厚度薄,但横向连续性好。浅水三角洲的形成主要受古物源、古地形、古水深和古水动力强度的共同影响,而构造运动引起的体系域和水深变化是造成三角洲阶段性发育的关键因素。

浅水湖盆河控三角洲前缘砂体分布特征与沉积模式探讨——以松辽盆地北部永乐地区葡萄花油层为例

在我国古代的松辽盆地和现代的鄱阳湖等大型坳陷湖盆内发现的浅水湖盆河控三角洲的骨架砂体类型、垂向沉积层序及相带分异等方面与正常三角洲存在很大的差异,需要进一步深入研究。利用野外露头、现代沉积和地下岩芯、测井、地震等资料精细解剖及分析表明,浅水湖盆河控三角洲前缘发育大量、密集、窄的水下分流河道砂体,砂体连续且水下延伸较远,直至消失变成薄的水下薄层砂(河口坝或席状砂)。每支水下分流河道构成了由中心向两侧及前方:水下分流河道→薄层砂核部→薄层砂边缘→水下分流间湾的平面微(能量)相序列,形成三角洲前缘"河控带状体"。浅水湖盆河控三角洲前缘不同的相位空间位置具有不同的沉积模式,由岸向湖依次发育高低水位间过渡带"近岸沉积"模式、近岸浅水带"河控带状体"模式、中岸中等水深带"水下分流河道末端河控薄层砂"模式和远岸深水带"浪控席状砂"模式。

鄂尔多斯盆地延长组地震前积反射的地质意义

在鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组地震剖面上发现了大量的北东、南西和南东方向的前积反射。这些前积反射解释为形成于长7—长6时期、长4＋5—长2时期、长7—长3和长6—长4＋5时期的前积沉积体,每个前积沉积体由多个期次的前积沉积楔组成,岩性为高速的砂、泥岩互层。前积楔之间往往为5~20m厚的低速页岩,它是形成前积体内部斜交强反射的主要原因。根据前积反射可计算出延长组沉积时期古湖盆的最大古水深为228m,最大古坡度为1.7°,湖盆西南陡坡带坡度为0.6°~1.3°,东北缓坡带坡度为0.5°~0.6°。通过地震剖面地震相、连井剖面沉积相的解释和分析,认为延长组沉积时期在浅—深湖盆相带中发育水下分流河道、河口坝、重力流水道等沉积微相,不同微相砂体宽度和宽厚比不同,横向上多彼此连接,前积体内部砂体含量为30%~60%,单砂体在前积反射内部往往呈短轴状、中弱振幅地震相。前积反射区是形成有利储集相带和大型油田的重要区域。

青海湖现代三角洲沉积特征及形成控制因素

青海湖是中国内陆最大的高原微咸水断陷湖泊 ,是研究现代湖三角洲沉积的理想地区 .按河流与湖水动力相互作用的强弱关系 ,将其三角洲分为 3种类型 :鸟足形 (河控型建设性 )三角洲、扇形 (河浪控型 )三角洲和平直滨岸形 (浪控型破坏性 )三角洲 .前者沿青海湖断陷盆地长轴分布 ,是湖区最大和最典型三角洲 ;后者沿盆地短轴分布 ,形成规模小且发育不齐全 .鸟足形三角洲发育完整的三角洲平原、三角洲前缘和前三角洲 3个亚相 ,其中三角洲平原亚相由分流河道、废弃河道、洪泛平原、泥沼、沿岸沙坝和风成沙丘组成 ,三角洲前缘亚相由河口沙坝、水下分流河道、分流间湾和三角洲前缘席状砂组成 ,与国内外其它湖三角洲相比 ,以发育沿岸沙坝和风成沙丘为其特征 ;平直滨岸形三角洲主要由三角洲平原部分构成 ,三角洲前缘亚相不发育 (属滨岸沉积 ) ;湖泊三角洲的形成受气候、构造、地形、河流作用与湖泊作用相对强度以及注入河水与盆地湖水在河口地区的混合方式等因素控制 .