To meet the Sustainable Development Goal(SDG)target 6.1,China has undertaken significant initiatives to address the uneven distribution of water resources and to enhance water quality.Since 2000,China has invested hea...To meet the Sustainable Development Goal(SDG)target 6.1,China has undertaken significant initiatives to address the uneven distribution of water resources and to enhance water quality.Since 2000,China has invested heavily in the water infrastructure of numerous reservoirs,with a total storage capacity increase of 4.704×1011m3(an increase of 90.8%).These reservoirs have significantly enhanced the available freshwater resources for drinking water.Concurrently,efforts to improve water quality in lakes and reservoirs,facilitated by nationwide water quality monitoring,have been successful.As a result,an increasing lakes and reservoirs are designated as centralized drinking water sources(CDWSs)in China.Among the 3441 CDWSs across all provinces,40.8%are sourced from lakes and reservoirs,32.6%from rivers,and 26.6%from groundwater in 2023.Notably,from 2016 to 2023,the percentage of lakes and reservoirs categorized as CDWSs has increased consistently across all 29 provinces.This progress has enabled561.4 million urban residents to access improved drinking water sources in 2022,compared to 303.4 million in 2004.Our findings underscore the pivotal role of water infrastructure construction and water quality improvement jointly promoting lakes and reservoirs as vital drinking water sources.Nevertheless,the nationwide occurrence of algal blooms has surged by 113.7%from the 2000s to the 2010s,which is a considerable challenge to drinking water safety.Fortunately,algal blooms have been markedly alleviated in past four years.However,it is still crucial to acknowledge that lakes and reservoirs face the challenges of algal blooms,and associated toxic microcystin and odor compounds.展开更多
Drinking water is closely related to human health,disease and mortality,and contaminated drinking water causes 485,000 deaths from diarrhea each year worldwide.China has been facing increasingly severe water scarcity ...Drinking water is closely related to human health,disease and mortality,and contaminated drinking water causes 485,000 deaths from diarrhea each year worldwide.China has been facing increasingly severe water scarcity due to both water shortages and poor water quality.Ensuring safe and clean drinking water is a great challenge and top priority,especially for China with 1.4 billion people.In China,more than 4000 centralized drinking water sources including rivers,lakes and reservoirs,and groundwater have been established to serve urban residents.However,there is little knowledge on the percentage,serving population and water quality of three centralized drinking water source types.We collected nationwide centralized drinking water sources data and serving population data covering 395 prefecture-level and county-level cities and water quality data in the two most populous provinces(Guangdong and Shandong)to examine their contribution and importance.Geographically,the drinking water source types can be classified into three clear regions exhibiting apparent differences in the respective contributions of rivers,lakes and reservoirs,and groundwater.We further found that overall,lakes and reservoirs account for 40.6%of the centralized drinking water sources vs.river(30.8%)and groundwater(28.6%)in China.Lakes and reservoirs are particularly important in the densely populated eastern region,where they are used as drinking water sources by 51.0%of the population(318 million).Moreover,the contribution to the drinking water supply from lakes and reservoirs is increasing due to their better water quality and many cross-regional water transfer projects.These results will be useful for the government to improve and optimize the establishment of centralized drinking water sources,which provide safe and clean drinking water in China to safeguard people's lives and health and realize sustainable development goals.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC3204100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41930760 and 42271120)+1 种基金the Industry Prospect and Key Core Technology Project of Jiangsu Province(BE2022152)RIW was supported by the UKRI Natural Environment Research Council(NERC):Independent Research Fellowship(NE/T011246/1)。
文摘To meet the Sustainable Development Goal(SDG)target 6.1,China has undertaken significant initiatives to address the uneven distribution of water resources and to enhance water quality.Since 2000,China has invested heavily in the water infrastructure of numerous reservoirs,with a total storage capacity increase of 4.704×1011m3(an increase of 90.8%).These reservoirs have significantly enhanced the available freshwater resources for drinking water.Concurrently,efforts to improve water quality in lakes and reservoirs,facilitated by nationwide water quality monitoring,have been successful.As a result,an increasing lakes and reservoirs are designated as centralized drinking water sources(CDWSs)in China.Among the 3441 CDWSs across all provinces,40.8%are sourced from lakes and reservoirs,32.6%from rivers,and 26.6%from groundwater in 2023.Notably,from 2016 to 2023,the percentage of lakes and reservoirs categorized as CDWSs has increased consistently across all 29 provinces.This progress has enabled561.4 million urban residents to access improved drinking water sources in 2022,compared to 303.4 million in 2004.Our findings underscore the pivotal role of water infrastructure construction and water quality improvement jointly promoting lakes and reservoirs as vital drinking water sources.Nevertheless,the nationwide occurrence of algal blooms has surged by 113.7%from the 2000s to the 2010s,which is a considerable challenge to drinking water safety.Fortunately,algal blooms have been markedly alleviated in past four years.However,it is still crucial to acknowledge that lakes and reservoirs face the challenges of algal blooms,and associated toxic microcystin and odor compounds.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41790423,41930760,and 41621002)the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences (QYZDB-SSW-DQC016)Erik Jeppesen was supported by the Tübitak program BIDEB 2232 (project 118C250).
文摘Drinking water is closely related to human health,disease and mortality,and contaminated drinking water causes 485,000 deaths from diarrhea each year worldwide.China has been facing increasingly severe water scarcity due to both water shortages and poor water quality.Ensuring safe and clean drinking water is a great challenge and top priority,especially for China with 1.4 billion people.In China,more than 4000 centralized drinking water sources including rivers,lakes and reservoirs,and groundwater have been established to serve urban residents.However,there is little knowledge on the percentage,serving population and water quality of three centralized drinking water source types.We collected nationwide centralized drinking water sources data and serving population data covering 395 prefecture-level and county-level cities and water quality data in the two most populous provinces(Guangdong and Shandong)to examine their contribution and importance.Geographically,the drinking water source types can be classified into three clear regions exhibiting apparent differences in the respective contributions of rivers,lakes and reservoirs,and groundwater.We further found that overall,lakes and reservoirs account for 40.6%of the centralized drinking water sources vs.river(30.8%)and groundwater(28.6%)in China.Lakes and reservoirs are particularly important in the densely populated eastern region,where they are used as drinking water sources by 51.0%of the population(318 million).Moreover,the contribution to the drinking water supply from lakes and reservoirs is increasing due to their better water quality and many cross-regional water transfer projects.These results will be useful for the government to improve and optimize the establishment of centralized drinking water sources,which provide safe and clean drinking water in China to safeguard people's lives and health and realize sustainable development goals.
