苍术（Atractybeslancea（Thunb．）DC．）种内遗传多样性分析

分析了苍术（Ａｔｒａｃｔｙｌｏｄｅｓｌａｎｄｅａ（Ｔｈｕｎｂ．）ＤＣ．）５种等位酶（ＭＤＨ，ＧＤＨ，ＰＰＯ，ＳＯＤ，ＰＥＲ）１２个位点上２５个等位基因的分化特征。结果表明：群体内多态位点比例平均为０．６１，每个位点的平均杂合率为０．２６，每个位点发现的平均等位基因数为１．７８。苍术种内基因多样性的８６％产生在群体内，群体间分化的明显效果为１４％。所有配对组合，群体间的平均遗传距离是０．１１，遗传同一性是０．９０。说明苍术种内变异很大。同时探讨茅苍术的分类位置，认为茅苍术不是苍术和白术的杂交种。

Structural Characterization of Chloroplast Genome in Alpinia japonica(Thunb.)Miq.,a Medicinal Plant of the Genus Alpinia

The analysis of chloroplast gene characteristics in Alpinia japonica(Thunb.)Miq.is of great significance for developing relevant genetic resources.The high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatic research were performed to analyze the chloroplast genome characteristics of A.japonica.The total chloroplast genome length of A.japonica was 161,906 bp,with a typical circular tetrameric structure.And 133 genes were annotated,comprising 87 protein-coding,38 tRNA,and 8 rRNA genes.Furthermore,22 genes contained two copies,and 18 genes owned introns.Repeat sequence analysis showed that it contains 321 simple sequence repeats(SSRs)and 37 long segment repeats.Compared with the chloroplast genomes of eight representative plants in the genus Alpinia,the gene structure,type,and quantity were relatively conservative.Rps12 was the highest variation site in the entire chloroplast gene.A phylogenetic tree showed that the genus Alpinia was the most closely related to the genus Amomum.Meanwhile,A.japonica is the most closely related to Alpinia chinensis belonging to the genus Alpinia.Overall,the chloroplast genome of a new species was reported in the genus Alpinia,and a basis was provided for the utilization of Alpinia plants as a medical resource.

Chemical composition and pharmacological activities of Atractylodes lancea:A review

Atractylodes lancea(called Cangzhu in China)is a medicinal plant that has long been used as tonic agent in various ethno-medical systems in East Asia,especially in China,for the treatment of gastrointestinal dysfunction,cancer,osteoporosis,obesity and fetal irritability.We used the TCMSP database to search for the main active ingredients and traditional Chinese medicine targets of Atractylodes macrocephala.There are a total of 38 related articles,of which 27 are closely related to chemical composition and activity.This study reviews the chemical components and pharmacological effects of A.lancea,aiming to provide reference for its further research and development.

忍冬(L.japonica Thunb.)和钻叶紫菀(Aster subulatus Michx.)对较低浓度镉污染的超富集特征比较研究

合适的超富集植物选择对于尾矿重金属污染修复至关重要。针对安丘市石埠子镇废弃矿坑镉(Cd)污染实际,结合忍冬(L.japonica Thunb.)和钻叶紫菀(Aster subulatus Michx.)对重金属Cd的超富集特征比较,分析了30天较低浓度Cd暴露(0.1 mg/kg,0.3 mg/kg,0.9 mg/kg)下两种超富集植物的毒性响应和超富集特征。研究表明,两种植物的株高和干重均受到明显影响(P<0.05),但忍冬对Cd的平均TF和BCF(TF_(叶)=0.494,TF_(茎)=0.357,BCF_(叶)=12.014,BCF_(茎)=8.689,BCF_(根)=24.424)明显高于钻叶紫菀的平均TF和BCF(TF_(茎)=0.127,TF_(叶)=0.205,BCF_(叶)=3.903,BCF_(茎)=2.412,BCF_(根)=19.189)(P<0.05)。这一研究成果对于废弃矿坑较低浓度Cd污染的超富集生态修复植物种类的选择,构建基于超富集植物的尾矿(渣)原位生态修复技术建设具有重要指导意义。

Effect of Three Precursors on Accumulation of Principal Volatile Oil Constituents in Tissue Culture Plantlets of Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC.

[Objective] This study was to explore the effect of three precursors on the accumulation of principal volatile oil constituents in tissue culture plantlets of Atractylodes lancea （Thunb.） DC. with the aim to provide references for the improvement of artificial cultivated A. lancea quality. [Method] Three precursors were added into the MS rooting medium for A. lancea tissue culture plantlets and the volatile oil was extracted by ultrasonication after cultured for several days. The content of atractylon, atractylol, β-eucalyptol and atractydin in the volatile oil were determined by using gas chromatography method. [Result] The addition of xylose, isoprene and tetrahydrofuran impacted the growth indicators, yield of volatile oil and relative percentage content of the four constituents of A. lancea tissue culture plantlets. In the 6 g/L xylose optimized medium, the atractylon and β-eucalyptol content reached up to 4.23% and 56.34%, respectively, 1.41% and 1.66% higher than the control; although the addition of isoprene into medium raised the atractylon content, the accumulation of total volatile oil was inhibited that it decreased by 23.67%, 31.06% and 7.10% to the control; for the tetrahydrofuran optimized medium, the content of atractylon, atractylol and atractydin all increased, and the total volatile oil content increased by 49.97% to the control when the concentration of tetrahydrofuran was 0.07 g/L. [Conclusion] The addition of xylose and tetrahydrofuran promoted the accumulation of principal constituents of the volatile oil, whereas the addition of isoprene inhibited the accumulation.

Therapeutic potential and pharmacological activities of Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC.

The rhizome of Atractylodes Iancen(A.lancea)(Thunb.) DC.(AL)is extensively used in Chinese,Thai,and Japanese traditional medicines as crude extracts/decoctions or a component in various herbal formulations.Various pharmacological activities of Al.and its major constituents have been demonstrated in ritro.ex ciro.and in animal models.Results from the toxicity studies in animal models suggest safety profile of AL,and its active constituents.Despite extensive use with positive impression in many diseases,there has not been a clinical study that can conclusively support its efficacy and safely profile in human.This review comprehensively summarizes current information on the pharmacological activities of AL and their active constituents including anticancer,anti-inflammatory,antimicrobial and antipyretic activities,as well as activities on central nervous,cardiovascular,and gastrointestinal systems.

Physicochemical properties and biological activities of polysaccharides from the peel of Dioscorea opposita Thunb.extracted by four different methods

Polysaccharides are the important biologically active components found in the peel of Dioscorea opposita Thunb.(DTTP).The influences of 4 extraction methods,namely hot water extraction(W),acidic extraction(HA),hot-compressed water extraction(HCW)and enzyme-assisted extraction(EAE),on the yields,physicochemical properties,hypoglycemic and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from DTTP were studied and compared.Among these DTTP polysaccharides,DTTP-HA was outstanding in several respects.DTTP-HA was the most water soluble;it had the highest total carbohydrate content(85.08%),the highest uronic acid(13.20%)and the highest thermal stability.DTTP-HA and DTTP-W possessed a triple-helix structure.These 4 kinds of polysaccharides have the same types of monosaccharides,but in different molar percentages.Extraction method had a significant impact on the microstructures of the extracted polysaccharides.DTT-HA exhibited irregular structure with many holes.Among the 4 extracted methods,the DTTP-HA and DTTP-W initially exhibited higher hypoglycemic and antioxidant activities.The better bioactivities of DTTP-HA may be related to the above factors.The findings indicated that acid extraction is an effective method to extract polysaccharides with high biological activities from DTTP.

A Preliminary Study on Effects of Zhuang Medicine Clerodendrum japonicum(Thunb.)Sweet on Acute Tonsillitis

[Objectives]To study the effect of Zhuang medicine Clerodendrum japonicum(Thunb.)Sweet on acute tonsillitis.[Methods]The antibacterial,antipyretic,anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of the extract of Zhuang medicine C.japonicum(Thunb.)Sweet were observed.[Results]Zhuang medicine C.japonicum(Thunb.)Sweet showed a good inhibitory effect onα-hemolytic streptococcus,β-hemolytic streptococcs,Staphylococcus citreus,Staphylococcus epidermidis,Staphylococcus aureus,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Proteus and Escherichia coli;it showed a good inhibitory effect on the infection of Staphylococcus aureus andβ-hemolytic streptococcs in vivo;it could significantly reduce the elevated body temperature of rabbits injected with the triple vaccine and significantly increase the pain threshold of thermally stimulated mice.[Conclusions]Zhuang Medicine C.japonicum(Thunb.)Sweet has positive significance in the treatment of acute tonsillitis instead of antibiotics.

金银花总黄酮低共熔溶剂提取工艺优化

目的优化金银花总黄酮低共熔溶剂提取工艺。方法在单因素试验基础上,以1,3-丁二醇与氯化胆碱比例、液料比、超声时间为影响因素,总黄酮得率为评价指标,响应面法和BP神经网络优化提取工艺。结果BP神经网络优化总黄酮得率高于响应面法优化。最优条件为1,3-丁二醇与氯化胆碱比例2.7∶1,液料比27∶1,超声时间29 min,总黄酮得率为7.85%。结论该方法稳定可靠,可用于低共熔溶剂提取金银花总黄酮。

金银花茎的浸提液对旋覆花的化感作用

为了研究金银花茎的浸提液对旋覆花幼苗的化感作用及利用化感作用进行生物防除的可能性,论文采用水提法提取金银花茎的浸提液.试验设置0.02、0.04、0.06、0.08 g/mL四个质量浓度梯度,并以蒸馏水为对照组(CK),通过测定旋覆花幼苗的形态与生理指标,研究金银花茎的浸提液对旋覆花的化感效应.结果表明,旋覆花幼苗在金银花茎浸提液的作用下,除旋覆花叶片中的含丙二醛量有所升高外,旋覆花的苗高、根长、苗的干质量以及叶片中过氧化物酶活性等都受到抑制,且随着浸提液质量浓度的升高,抑制作用增强.当质量浓度为0.08 g/mL时,苗高、根长、苗的干生物量及过氧化物酶活性与对照相比分别降低了11.95%、24.95%、31.25%、30.90%.由此可得,金银花茎的浸提液对旋覆花幼苗生长有明显的化感抑制作用,因此其对一定区域的旋覆花幼苗的防除是可行的.

金银花对金黄色葡萄球菌体外抑菌作用研究

目的比较金银花对甲氧西林敏感金黄色葡萄球菌(MSSA)和甲氧西林耐药金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)体外抑菌活性差异。方法收集30株MSSA和30株MRSA菌,使用头孢西丁筛选试验和mecA基因检测对菌株进行验证,使用琼脂打孔法检测金银花对两类金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌活性并比较差异,使用琼脂稀释法检测金银花对两类金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC并计算出MIC_(50)。结果金银花对MSSA和MRSA均有体外抑菌活性且MIC_(50)均为3.125 mg/mL。结论金银花对MSSA和MRSA均有较好的体外抑菌活性,在临床治疗金黄色葡萄球菌感染方面有很大的应用前景。

我国东北地区苍术的生境适宜性评价

苍术(Atractylodes lancea)是我国东北地区的道地药材,市场需求日益增加,人们种植意愿浓厚。然而,当前苍术人工栽培种源杂乱、存活率低、产量及品质参差不齐,原因在于对苍术的适宜生存环境缺乏科学判断。针对东北地区苍术的自然分布数据和环境变量数据,应用最大熵模型(Maxent)和地理信息系统(GIS)对其生境适宜性进行评估和区划。结果表明:苍术在我国东北地区主要分布于辽西山地、小兴安岭、长白山及其余脉,生境适宜区(P>0.5)面积为10.96万km^(2),占东北地区总面积的8.84%;影响苍术分布的6个主要环境因子(贡献率)依次为年均降水量(26.5%)、最暖季平均温度(18.6%)、降水量季节性变异系数(16.6%)、海拔(12.2%)、年平均气温(11%)、最冷季降水量(5.2%),累计贡献率超过90%,水分因子(年均降水量+降水量季节性变异系数)比温度因子(最暖季平均温度+年平均气温)对苍术的分布影响更大;根据对苍术主要生境适宜区的分析,苍术在东北地区可能存在两种气候生态型,即辽西的耐旱型、长白山的耐寒型。综上所述,在发展苍术种植产业的过程中,除了应关注苍术的适宜分布区以外,还应充分考虑不同区域种源的生态需求,以避免由于盲目引种而导致的种植损失。

乌蔹莓灌肠对远端溃疡性结肠炎患者的临床疗效

目的探讨乌蔹莓灌肠对远端溃疡性结肠炎患者的临床疗效。方法60例患者随机分为对照组和观察组,每组30例,对照组给予美沙拉嗪肠溶片,观察组在对照组基础上加用乌蔹莓灌肠,疗程8周。检测临床疗效、生活质量评分、DAI评分、Mayo活动指数、肠黏膜屏障功能指标(DAO、ET、D-乳酸)、肠道菌群(双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌、大肠杆菌、肠球菌)、炎症因子(IL-10、IL-6、TNF-α)、安全性指标变化。结果观察组总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组生活质量评分、IL-10升高(P<0.05),DAI评分、Mayo活动指数、肠黏膜屏障功能指标、IL-6、TNF-α降低(P<0.05),双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌增加(P<0.05),大肠杆菌、肠球菌减少(P<0.05),并比对照组更明显(肠球菌除外)(P<0.05)。2组未发现不良反应。结论乌蔹莓灌肠可安全有效地改善远端溃疡性结肠炎患者DAI评分和Mayo活动指数,其机制可能与调节菌群稳态、修复肠黏膜屏障、抑制炎症因子释放有关。

怀山药内生真菌Trichoderma sp.L12多糖的提取纯化、理化表征及抗氧化活性研究

目的研究怀山药多糖内生真菌多糖的提取纯化、理化特征和抗氧化活性。方法从一株来源于怀山药的木霉属真菌Trichoderma sp.L12的菌丝和菌液中分离多糖,分析其胞内多糖(extracellular polysaccharides,JSP)和胞外多糖(intracellular polysaccharides,JYP)的理化性质及抗氧化活性。结果JSP和JYP的糖含量、蛋白含量分别是(836.91±1.57)和(690.58±1.72)mg/g、(19.15±0.61)和(12.33±3.03)mg/g,且二者均未检测到糖醛酸和多酚。JSP和JYP相对分子质量主要以1.305×10^(6)和5.114×10^(4)为主,二者单糖组成均以半乳糖、葡萄糖和甘露糖为主,质量百分比分别为27.6∶46.1∶24.9和33.4∶31.3∶26.4。环境扫描电子显微镜(Environmental scanning electron microscopy,ESEM)结果表明,两种多糖表面均有较多明显的粗糙凹痕,且JSP碎片尺寸相对较大。另外,JSP和JYP在较低浓度下(3.0 mg/mL)清除DPPH自由基作用较强,清除率达到90%和70%,且对羟自由基和超氧阴离子自由基也具有一定的清除能力。结论JSP和JYP均有较好的抗氧化作用,是潜在的天然抗氧化剂,能够为怀山药内生真菌多糖的开发利用提供一定的技术和理论支持。

林下苍术“拟境栽培”技术

林下种植中药材是模拟药用植物野生生境的“拟境栽培”方式,有利于提高药材产量和林下土地资源的高效利用。本研究以苍术林下种植为研究对象,结合种植实践,从地块选择、整地、移栽、播种、田间管理等方面总结了林下苍术“拟境栽培”技术要领和影响林下苍术生长发育过程中光合特性参数及有效成分合成和积累的生态因素,以期为林下大规模种植苍术提供技术理论支持。

八月札乙醇提取物对人肝癌细胞抑制增殖、促进凋亡及转录组学分析

目的探讨八月札乙醇提取物(ethanol extract of Akebia trifoliate(Thunb.)Koidz,EEATK)对人肝癌细胞增殖、凋亡的影响及可能作用机制。方法体外培养人肝癌细胞(Hep3B和Huh-7),设置空白对照组、索拉菲尼(Sorafenib,5μmol/L)组及EEATK组(0.10、0.15、0.20、0.3 mg/mL),分别给予对应药物干预,采用CCK-8法检测不同分组的药物干预对肝癌细胞活力的影响,筛选最佳作用浓度用于后续实验;采用EdU染色法、克隆形成实验、Annexin V-FITC/PI双染法观察EEATK(0.15 mg/mL)对人肝癌细胞(Hep3B和Huh-7)增殖和凋亡的影响;转录组测序分析EEATK调控Hep3B细胞增殖、凋亡的差异表达基因;使用基因本体论(gene ontology,GO)和京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes,KEGG)分析差异表达基因的功能及富集通路;并联合比较毒物基因组学(Comparative Toxicogenomics Database,CTD)数据库分析与肝癌增殖、凋亡相关基因,应用qRT-PCR验证关键基因表达情况。结果与空白对照组相比,随着EEATK浓度增加,能够显著抑制Hep3B和Huh-7细胞的活力(P<0.01);0.15 mg/mL的EEATK作用肝癌细胞后,EdU阳性细胞率、细胞克隆形成率均显著降低(均P<0.01),同时细胞凋亡率显著增加(P<0.01);Hep3B细胞转录组测序结果分析显示,与空白对照组相比,EEATK引起1577个基因表达发生显著改变(P<0.01),其中表达上调差异基因942个,表达下调差异基因635个。GO功能富集分析发现差异表达基因主要显著富集于胆固醇合成、炎症、细胞外基质中。KEGG通路分析提示EEATK可能主要通过转化生长因子-β(transforming growth factor-β,TGF-β)信号通路及核因子-κB(nuclear factor kappa-B,NF-κB)信号通路发挥抑癌作用。CTD分析及qRT-PCR检测显示EEATK可引起BIRC5、细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶1(cyclin-dependent kinases 1,CDK1)等细胞凋亡相关基因的表达显著下调(P<0.01),周期蛋白抑制因子1A(cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A,CDKN1A)、脯氨酸羟化酶3(egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 3,EGLN3)的表达显著上调(P<0.01);同时,可引起FAM83D(family with sequence similarity 83D,FAM83D)、MKI-67等细胞增殖相关基因显著下调(P<0.01),MYC、叉头框蛋白1(forkhead box C1,FOXC1)等表达显著上调(P<0.01)。结论EEATK可抑制细胞增殖并诱导凋亡,通过调节TGF-β及NF-κB信号通路中相关基因的表达而发挥抗肝癌作用。

果用乌饭树浆果性状及内含物的种源变异研究

为探明果用乌饭树的浆果性状及内含物种源变异,为优良果用乌饭树品种选育与遗传改良提供科学依据。在乌饭树浆果自然成熟季节,采集了福建、江西、浙江等地20个种源野生浆果进行表型性状与内含物测定分析。结果表明:1)不同种源乌饭树浆果表型直径存在显著差异,20个种源乌饭树浆果平均直径为5.67 mm,最大为8.07 mm,最小为3.27 mm。2)乌饭树浆果内含物主要为可溶性糖类、氨基酸、蛋白质、矿物质和维生素,其含量平均分别为156.12 mg/g、21.99 mg/g、8.45 mg/g、0.92 mg/g、0.78 mg/g,不同种源间差异显著,内含物中酸度平均为7.21 mg/g,呈现出随纬度的升高和内陆性的增强而增加的趋势。3)不同种源乌饭树浆果表型直径与可溶性糖类、蛋白质含量呈正相关关系,但与氨基酸、维生素含量及酸度呈负相关关系。研究结果为果用乌饭树的品种选育与遗传改良及深度开发利用提供了理论参考。

课程思政融入药用植物栽培学之金银花栽培教学设计

课程思政融入专业课教学是落实立德树人的重要举措。本案例根据药用植物金银花栽培的教学内容,运用案例教学法深挖教学目标、教学内容和教学过程中蕴含的思政元素。将黄河重大国家战略、生态文明思想、高质量发展理念、“大国三农”情怀等思政元素科学、合理地融入授课过程,实现显性教育与隐性教育的水乳交融,为实际教育教学工作提供借鉴与参考。

不同叶面肥对茅苍术种子种苗生长及苍术素含量的影响

结合十堰市茅苍术[Atractylodes lancea(Thunb.)DC.]种子种苗生产需求,以一年生茅苍术种子种苗为材料,开展不同叶面肥对种苗的生物量和干燥根茎苍术素含量的影响研究。结果表明,不同叶面肥均未能促进一年生茅苍术种苗植株增高,对须根长和须根数无显著影响,减少了地下根茎鲜重和干重,相对提高了干重占比,但显著提高了一年生茅苍术种苗根茎的苍术素含量。此外,尽管叶面肥采用尿素能够提高一年生茅苍术种苗的叶片生长,但叶面肥采用磷酸二氢钾和硝酸钾有利于提高一年生茅苍术种苗的苍术素积累,提高了品质,更有利于大田生产应用。

与玉米间作促进苍术根际养分吸收利用的原因

与玉米间作能够缓解苍术连作障碍,而养分条件变化是关键因素之一。为探究苍术||玉米间作对苍术根际养分吸收利用的影响,本研究开展了为期2年的苍术||玉米间作根际不同分隔处理的田间试验,共设置了4种处理:苍术单作(A)、苍术||玉米间作不隔膜(AI)、苍术||玉米间作隔尼龙膜(AN)和苍术||玉米间作隔塑料膜(AP),分别测定了苍术生物量和4种挥发油成分含量,苍术根茎氮磷钾含量,根际土壤pH、有机质和土壤养分因子含量。结果发现,AI和AN处理的苍术根茎鲜重均高于A和AP,且AI与A和AP的差异达显著水平(P<0.05)。苍术4种挥发油含量均表现为AI和AN高于A和AP,其中AI的β-桉叶醇含量分别比A和AP显著高128.4%和205.6%(P<0.05),AI和AN的苍术素含量比A和AP显著提高75.0%~875.0%(P<0.05);相比A和AP,AI和AN的苍术根茎4种挥发油成分总含量显著提高82.8%~210.3%(P<0.05),表明苍术||玉米间作的地下根际互作对促进苍术根茎生物量和挥发油积累有重要作用。AI和AN比A和AP苍术根际土壤pH下降0.4%~6.3%、土壤有机质含量提高13.5%~48.1%;AI的苍术根际土壤碱解氮含量分别比A和AP显著提高32.8%和36.2%(P<0.05),AN的速效钾含量分别显著提高51.5%和46.7%(P<0.05)。相关性分析发现,苍术酮主要与苍术根茎氮磷钾含量和根际土壤氮磷钾含量呈正相关,而苍术素主要与根茎钾含量呈正相关。与A和AP相比,AI苍术磷吸收效率分别提高23.4%和30.0%(P<0.05);AI和AN的氮和钾利用效率比A显著提高131.3%~222.2%(P<0.05)。综上可知,苍术||玉米间作体系中,与无根际互作(A和AP)相比,地下根际互作效应(AI和AN)可提高苍术根际酸化水平,活化土壤氮磷钾,促进苍术根茎养分吸收利用,进而提高苍术产量,同时影响苍术根茎挥发油积累。本研究揭示了苍术||玉米间作地下根际作用是促进苍术根际养分吸收利用的重要因素,为药用植物生态多样性种植模式推广提供重要参考。