Institution,Action and Concept:Three Dimensions of Land Expropriation Dispute Research

This paper reviews the land expropriation dispute research literature from three dimensions： the structure-institution analysis, action research of the dispute parties, ethics and concept research of the dispute parties. The paper makes a summary on the research contents and research methods of each dimension. More- over, the contributions and the limitations are pointed out and suggestions for future

Land Expropriation and Constitutional Protection of Farmers' Rights

One of the reasons for many social tragedies resulted from land expropriation in China is failure of the constitution to bring into play its due functions in standardizing land expropriation power of the government and protecting farmers' rights.In the existing land expropriation system,government is not only a policy maker of land expropriation,but also a "referee" of dispute over land expropriation.Government' land expropriation power and land-expropriated farmers' rights become out of balance.As a result,some local governments do not attach importance to farmers' rights,making land-expropriated farmers dissatisfied and consequently leading to some social tragedies unfavorable for harmony and stability.To fundamentally settle disputes over land expropriation and realize win-win of farmers' right and state interest,it should bring into full play functions of the constitution through protecting farmers' right to participate in land expropriation and establishing constitution evaluation mechanism.

Security of Land Rights in Rural China:Facts and Trends

[Objective] This study aimed to demonstrate the current status and variation trend of the land insecurity in rural China in recent years. [Method] In the late 2011, we had conducted a systematical survey in 24 villages of two provinces including Jiangsu Province and Shaanxi Province. [Result] Survey results suggest enormous unbalance at the village level in the rights that household have been extended. In some villages, farmers seem to hold relatively long-term tenure and most of the rights, where there are less land expropriations and reallocations. Even if some land expropriations or reallocations occur in these villages, a meeting with villagers would be hold, and the villagers would be given the rights to discuss the process of the land expropriation or reallocation. In other villages, on the other hand, the land expropriation or reallocation is more frequent, and the villagers have no right to decide the process of the land expropriation or reallocation, their land prop- erty right are limited and rather unstable, while the village cadres and government at a higher level have coercive power on the land. When land expropriations or reallocations occur in these villages, no villager meeting would be hold. With the extension of time, more and more land expropriations occur, with increasingly involved area. In addition, the frequency of land reallocation is reduced, and the affected areas become smaller and smaller sis for land property rights system [Conclusion] This study had laid the theoretical bareform in rural China.

The Plights and Solutions of the Farmers' Land Rights Protection

The current plights of farmers' land rights in China are analyzed.They cover the vain installation of the security of farmers' land rights,vain position of the dominant role played by rural collective land,incomplete functions of rural collective land and the inadequate material assistance of farmers.The solutions for ensuring the security of farmers' land rights are put forward,in the first place,perfecting the legislation of guaranteeing farmers' land rights.In the second place,scientifically installing the rural land rights,which covers the following aspects,such as,clearly defining that the collective ownership of rural land belongs to farmers in law;clearly defining the main body of rural land property and eliminating the shortage of property rights;demarcating the range of public interests and clearly stipulating the reasonable compensation of main body of land expropriation.In the third place,villagers' autonomy should be perfected.In the forth place,standardizing the system of land expropriation,which includes the two aspects of normalizing the land transference procedure and the control of collecting land tax,and establishing fair compensation standard and normalizing land compensation procedure.In the fifth place,strengthening land transference and judiciary,and enforcing supervision;in the sixth place,accelerating the development of peasants' cooperative economic organizations and cultivating peasants' rights keeping organization.Through the discussion on the plights and solutions of farmers' land rights protection,the coordination of rural and urban development will be realized and a harmonious society will be built.

Theoretical Study on the Regional Comprehensive Price of Expropriated Agricultural Land Based on the Benchmark Land Price

So far,the work of calculating the regional comprehensive price of expropriated agricultural land has been carried out for more than ten years,but in the specific calculation process,the concept and calculation method of the regional comprehensive price of expropriated land are still lack of unified standards.In this paper,from the point of view of the benchmark land price,the regional comprehensive price of expropriated agricultural land is calculated by using the relatively mature benchmark land price.

New Compensation Standard for Land Expropriation in China

This paper explores a new compensation standard for use in agricultural land conversion in China during the land-expropriation process, based on the market value definition. Assuming identical bargainingpower between the buyer and the seller, efficient and equitable compensation is obtained through a market transaction and bargaining negotiation mechanism, under the assumpation of a perfect market. From the state-of-the-art viewpoint of land appraising, a practical approximation of the theoretical optimal compensation will provide an effective solution for China, under the current collective-owned land property rights structure.

Legal Knowledge, Land Expropriation, and Agricultural Development in Rural China

By using household survey data, this paper examines the effect of legal knowledge, a proxy for farmers＇ ability to protect their land, on agricultural development in rural China. The Ordinary Least Square （OLS） estimation results indicate that legal knowledge in a household raises agricultural production. Further, once the production effect of legal knowledge is controlled for, the objective measure of land expropriation has no production effect. These results survive for alternative measures of legal knowledge and subsample analysis. A two-stage least squares strategy further confirms that the effect of legal knowledge on farm production is causal. A preliminary channel analysis suggests that the impact of legal knowledge on farm production works mainly through farmyard manure investments and labor incentives.