Design and Realization of MapSUV Rural Land Surveying Palm Mapping System

The original surveying tools and methods are backward and low efficient and they will also generate lots of errors in the National secondary land surveying. MapSUV rural land surveying palm mapping system (MapSUV palm mapping system) based on 3S techniques, combines MapGIS rural land surveying database management system. It supports the spatial location information collection and attributes data entry. By combining with GPS receiver, it ensures high accuracy in small volume, which greatly facilitates land surveying. This paper main researched system structure, function module design and key techniques. It introduced the practical process of map spot attribute checking and map spot boundary. Then it gave the application assessment. The results shows that this system greatly improves the work efficiency of outdoor surveying and shorten the time of land surveying, database build and updating.

Development of Large-Scale Land Information System (LIS) by Using Geographic Information System (GIS) and Field Surveying

Cadastral maps are an important component of land administration in most countries. In virtually all developed countries, the needs of computerized land and geographic information systems (LIS/GIS) has given urgent impetus to computerizing cadastral maps and creating digital cadastral data bases (DCDB). This process is creating many institutional, legal, technical and administrative problems. This desire to establish DCDBs is being given increased impetus due to a new range of enabling technologies such as satellite position fixing (GPS), improved spatial data collection techniques such as digital theodolites and “soft copy” photogrammetry, as well as a vast range of new information and communications technological tools, thus contributing to the advancement and keeping up with the great countries. This paper presents the problem of cadastral maps. The hitherto existing cadastre, consisting of paper maps and land registers, is now becoming insufficient. Its shortcomings force developments leading to its improvement. One of the ways is the creation of a Land Information System. A digital cadastral map is the main component of this system. The structure and information content of the map is presented, its differences from analogue maps are shown, and the process of map creation is described. A digital cadastral map can be the basis for additional thematic layers, successively converting it into a complex system for management of administrative units.

Risk assessment of coastal flooding disaster by storm surge based on Elevation-Area method and hydrodynamic models:Taking Bohai Bay as an example

The future inundation by storm surge on coastal areas are currently ill-defined.With increasing global sealevel due to climate change,the coastal flooding by storm surge is more and more frequently,especially in coastal lowland with land subsidence.Therefore,the risk assessment of such inundation for these areas is of great significance for the sustainable socio-economic development.In this paper,the authors use Elevation-Area method and Regional Ocean Model System(ROMS)model to assess the risk of the inundation of Bohai Bay by storm surge.The simulation results of Elevation-Area method show that either a 50-year or 100-year storm surge can inundate coastal areas exceeding 8000 km^(2);the numerical simulation results based on hydrodynamics,considering ground friction and duration of the storm surge high water,show that a 50-year or 100-year storm surge can only inundate an area of over 2000 km^(2),which is far less than 8000 km^(2);while,when taking into account the land subsidence and sea level rise,the very inundation range will rapidly increase by 2050 and 2100.The storm surge will greatly impact the coastal area within about 10-30 km of the Bohai Bay,in where almost all major coastal projects are located.The prompt response to flood disaster due to storm surge is urgently needed,for which five suggestions have been proposed based on the geological background of Bohai Bay.This study may offer insight into the development of the response and adaptive plans for flooding disasters caused by storm surge.

Effects of Finer Scale Soil Survey and Land-Use Classification on SWAT Hydrological Modelling Accuracy in Data-Poor Study Areas

The limited availability of high-quality spatial data often limits the development of hydrological modelling in developing countries. Hydrological models with data at different scales may generate large uncertainties in modelling outputs. This study analysed the accuracy of four SWAT built models that combine soil and land use/land cover (LULC) data at the scale of 1:250,000 and 1:100,000 in a basin of Mexico. SWAT model allowed determining that large-scale maps produced better results than data from small-scale. Sensitivity analysis with different soil data was less than LULC data. However, the small-scale can be used for exploratory purposes when testing SWAT performance.

Studies on Land Resource Inventory for Agricultural Land Use Planning in Northern Transition Zone of India through Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques

Land suitability analysis is a prerequisite to achieving optimum utilization of available land resources. Hence, a study on land resource inventory for agricultural land use planning was conducted in the Northern Transition Zone of India to determine land capability and develop a suitability map for wheat and sorghum-based on physical and climatic factors of production using remote sensing and GIS techniques. Detailed soil survey information was used for this exercise. Four series (Singhanhalli, Mugli, Bogur and Venkatapur series) were identified and mapped into seventeen mapping units. Land capability classification showed that a greater portion of the study area belonged to class III followed by class IV with limitations of erosion, wetness and varying soil properties. Four land capability classes viz., II, III, IV, and VI, and seven subclasses viz., IIsf, IIItsf, IVs, IVt, IVts, IVtsf and VIt were identified. Major limitations of these subclasses were slope, erosion, depth, texture, coarse fragments, pH, organic carbon and base saturation. Soil suitability assessment revealed that the soils are moderately suitable to permanently not suitable. About 234 ha (31.6%) is moderately suitable, 494 ha (65.0%) marginally suitable and 10.2 ha (1.3%) permanently not suitable for wheat;while 78.5 ha (10.3%) is moderately suitable, 633.4 ha (82.3%) marginally suitable and 32.6 ha (4.3%) permanently not suitable for sorghum respectively. The moderate, marginal and permanent non-suitability was due to moderate, severe and very severe limitations respectively. However, it is possible to achieve potential yield of the crops in the study area if these limitations are addressed.

Characteristics of B,Zn and Se in stream sediments of Tanzania and their agricultural applications:Based on 1∶1000000 geochemical survey

Tanzania is located in eastern Africa with a predominantly agricultural ecomomy,the potential for developing and utilizing cultivated land are promising,but scientific guidance is required.B,Zn and Se are essential micronutrients for plants and human body with crucial biological functions,in particular,Se is significant for human health and considered as“the king of anti-cancer”.As these elements required by human or plants are mainly absorbed from soil directly or indirectly,therefore,it is important to understand the contents and distributions of them in the soil of cultivated land for guiding agricultural production.In this work,low-density geochemical survey at the scale of 1∶1000000 was carried out in Tanzania,and the results show that the concentrations of B,Zn and Se in stream sediments are low and their distributions are heterogeneous.According to the distributions of geological units,the existing cultivated land resources can be divided into five regions in Tanzania.Compared with the national background values,the concentrations of B,Zn and Se are insufficient overall but enriched locally in these regions.In general,element concentrations in stream sediments and soil have a positive correlation because of their similar sources,which is essential in agriculture application.Based on the information provided by low-density geochemical data and maps,the Se-sufficient and Se-rich regions were delineated in Tanzania,where can be used to develop Se-rich industries.Finally,this paper believes that geochemical survey is a powerful tool for cultivated land evaluation,agriculture management and land development.

广州陆海统一测绘基准研究与深度基准面计算

为建立广州市陆海统一测绘基准做基础,本文主要结合国内外现有建立陆海统一测绘基准方法和关键,介绍广州市建立陆海统一测绘基准的技术思路,并选取珠江入海口处为试验区域,展开建立陆海统一测绘基准的关键步骤——深度基准面的计算。实验结果表明:珠江入海口处位置越近的验潮站的深度基准面越接近,同时,深度基准面在距离内陆的位置由远及近发生变化,验潮站位置越靠近内陆,深度基准面越高。以此得出结论:珠江入海口处的深度基准面计算结果可靠,可以此为基础进行广州市陆海统一测绘基准的建立研究。

GIS approach for assessment of land suitability for different land use alternatives in semi arid environment in Jordan:Case study(Al Gadeer Alabyad-Mafraq)

The semi arid lands of Jordan are fragile and severely degraded due to low rainfall and mismanagement of natural resources.As human demands increase,sustaining the productivity of land becomes more and more important.Land suitability evaluation can contribute towards better land management;mitigation of land degradation;and designing land use pattern that prevents environmental problems through segregation of competing land uses.Suitability analysis allows identifying the main limiting factors for the agricultural production and enables decision makers to develop crop managements able to increase the land productivity.The purpose of this study was to develop a Geographic Information System(GIS)based approach for land use suitability assessment in order to assist land managers to identify areas with physical limitations for different land use alternatives based on research criteria developed by FAO and modified by stakeholders.This study was conducted using various data and maps incorporated within(GIS)in order to derive potential suitability for different Land Utilization Types(LUTs).Land suitability mapping was developed using an innovative approach that integrates soil and climatic data for land suitability assessment.Suitability maps for each land use were developed to show the suitability classes and display the spatial representation of soils suitable for agriculture.The output of suitability analyses provided not only the type of land use for which the land was suitable,but also information about the type of limitation(s)facing the utilization of the land.Optimum land use alternatives(scenarios)were formulated to improve and optimize the agricultural production in the study area.

海陆地理信息融合技术研究

为实现海陆一体化制图,对海陆地理信息融合技术进行了研究。采用海图数据向陆图数据同化和集成的方法,首先对比分析海图和陆图在数学基础、数据标准和数据内容等方面的特点和差异,再研究海图预处理、海陆图比例尺匹配、海图数据整合、海陆接边、地图服务发布等融合技术;并以海南岛西岸洋浦港附近和北部湾海域为实验区,对融合方法进行了验证。结果显示成图效果较理想,能为海南省陆海统筹发展提供地理信息技术支撑。

中国海陆及邻域大地构造格架图编制

20多年来,中国海陆及邻域的地质地球物理调查在不断进步,尤其是海域取得很多新认识,但中国海陆及邻域的大范围编图,尤其是大地构造图,没有随之更新;中国海陆的编图还一直存在海陆不接、海域编图相比陆域落后的问题;亟需编制一幅中国海陆及邻域的大地构造图.1992年编制的"中国海域及邻区地质地球物理系列图"的大地构造图,运用以活动论为内涵的全球构造理论作为指导思想,对中国海区及邻域的大地构造特征做出了较好的诠释.最近,中国海陆地质地球物理系列图编制项目,把1∶500万中国海陆及邻域大地构造格架图作为图种之一.在全球构造理论基础上发展而来的块体构造学说,作为本次编图的指导思想,根据其大地构造体系,板块和板块边界作为一级构造单元,块体和结合带(缝合带等)作为二级构造单元,结合系列图中重力图、磁力图、地质图等图件成果,以及最近的其他调查研究资料,完善了对特提斯在南海周边的界线、东海陆架的基底构造属性等认识,在研究区内共划分出了欧亚板块、菲律宾海板块和印度—澳大利亚三大板块,6个板块边界构造单元,30个块体、14个结合带和10个缝合带.

从海洋角度看中国大地构造编图进展

大地构造图反映着作者对大地构造演化过程和动力机制的理解,往往以某种大地构造观点为指导。经历了20世纪七八十年代百家争鸣的大地构造编图时代以后,随着板块构造理论的引进,各家观点在承认板块构造理论的同时,表述各有侧重。地质地球物理调查是大地构造编图的资料基础,近年来,调查资料无论在数量上还是在精度上,都有较大的突破。但是,海区的大地构造编图还存在一些问题,就是海区调查研究基础与陆区相比还相对薄弱,近十年来海区的地调科研成果也没有表现在大区域的,尤其是涵盖全海区或整个中国海陆的大地构造图上。多种地球物理资料的综合研究,可以作为中国海陆大地构造对比和研究的纽带,地质、地球物理和地球化学方法和资料的综合应用,可作为大地构造编图的重要基础。从一个海洋地质构造工作者的角度,在阐释对我国大地构造编图的历史、观点、资料、成果及努力方向理解的基础上,希望通过正在执行的"中国海陆大地构造格架图",为编制中国大地构造图的思路做一个新探索。

应用多种来源重力异常编制中国海陆及邻区空间重力异常图及重力场解读

本文通过分析陆地实测空间重力异常数据、海洋船载测量空间重力异常数据、卫星测高重力异常,布格重力异常数据、EGM2008地球重力模型数据等多种来源数据的性质和精度,并对相关数据进行对比,研究了编制1∶500万中国海陆空间重力异常图的数据使用方案和技术方法.在地形较为平坦、实测数据分布均匀的陆区,使用实测数据,在地形复杂,实测数据稀少以及没有实测数据的陆区或岛屿,利用布格重力异常反推空间异常的方法合成平均空间重力数据,西藏地区的数据对比实验证明合成平均空间重力异常数据是一种有效的数据补充.利用三观测列方差分解法在南海地区对船载测量空间重力数据和美国SS系列及丹麦DNSC08GRA卫星重力数据进行了方差分解计算,结果表明不同来源的卫星测高重力数据具有很大的一致性,数据精度较以往有了很大的提高.海区空间重力数据使用原则是在船载重力测量数据校准下,全面使用卫星测高重力数据进行编图.海陆过渡区的异常处理应以EGM2008地球重力模型重力场为基准参考场,实现海陆异常平缓过渡,无缝连接.对中国海陆空间重力异常场进行了小波变换处理,对空间重力异常场进行了解读,勾画出三横四竖的一级重力梯级带及其所围限的8个一级重力异常区,并划分了二级重力异常区和梯级带,为块体构造学体系中大地构造格架的建立提供了地球物理证据.

棉花陆海渐渗杂交群体纤维品质性状的QTL定位

【目的】有效发掘利用海岛棉优异性状基因,拓宽陆地棉栽培种遗传基础。【方法】采用新疆主栽早中熟陆地棉品种新陆中60号为母本,与优质海岛棉品种新海41号为父本杂交,并以新陆中60号为轮回亲本构建出由151个BC 1 F 1单株组成的回交群体,利用SSR分子标记和Join Map4.0软件构建遗传连锁图谱,采用复合区间作图法(CIM)对BC 1 F 2纤维品质性状的进行QTL定位。【结果】构建的遗传连锁图谱包含52个多态性标记、14个连锁群,该图谱总长824 cM,覆盖棉花基因组的18.5%;最长的连锁群为150.3 cM,包含6个标记,最短的为0.3 cM,包含2个标记。检测到1个与纤维上半部平均长度相关的QTL,qFL-Chr14-1,定位在第14号染色体上,解释表型变异8.59%。【结论】筛选的与优质QTL位点相关SSR标记可应用于棉花优质分子标记辅助选择。

民国时期水陆地图审查委员会与南海岛礁维权考

自1930年起,针对以往地图绘制出版存在的各种问题,国民政府开始进行水陆地图审查工作,1933年水陆地图审查委员会正式成立。水陆地图委员会在南海岛礁地名与地图的审订方面做了大量工作,并形成了《中国南海各岛屿华英名对照表》与《中国南海各岛屿图》两个重要成果,尽管具有许多时代局限性,但仍为后来的南海维权打下了基础。成立水陆地图委员会的直接目的,在于应对1933年法国殖民者侵占我国南沙九小岛所带来的挑战,同时亦兼有向国民普及海洋意识与海疆观念的作用。在法国殖民者侵犯南沙期间,住岛海南渔民自发进行抵制,为维护我国领土主权完整争取了主动。

国土空间规划体系下陆海统筹“一张图”概念模型构建与应用——以广州市为例

在建立国土空间规划体系及实施陆海统筹战略的指引下,本文以广州市为例,构建了"三层三类两系统"的陆海统筹"一张图"概念模型,并探讨其在陆海统一信息库的构建与动态更新、陆海统筹度的评价与监测,以及支撑海岸带综合管理等方面的实际应用,为沿海城市实施陆海统筹战略和海岸带综合管理提供政策工具。

海岸带地质工作中陆海统筹的方法论探讨

陆海统筹是我国海岸带地质工作的重要方向,但以往的海岸带地质工作通常按陆区和海区分别开展,对如何实现陆海统筹没有形成统一认识。上海作为我国率先开展海岸带地质工作的地区之一,在陆海统筹方面进行了一些有益尝试,积累了一定经验。基于这些实践经验,并结合国内外海岸带地质工作现状,对海岸带地质工作中陆海统筹的方法论进行了探讨,提出了海岸带地质工作中陆海统筹应包含陆海成果一体化和以水体为媒介实现陆海联动的两个基本要求。研究认为:在外业工作部署上,应发挥陆区河流和海区海岛的中介作用,着眼于区域性而非局部地区的地质成果编制;在地质环境监测上,以海堤或岸线为纽带对陆区和海区进行同步监测;在成果图件编制上,为实现陆海成果的有机整合,统一陆海数据标准是关键,在保存数据科学信息的前提下适当简化数据等级的分类。

陆海融合制图技术研究

为实现陆海地理信息数据融合、测绘成果一体化显示,本文对陆海融合制图技术展开研究,首先对比分析了传统地形图与海图在数学要素、地理要素、辅助要素、信息获取技术与数据精度方面存在的差异;在此基础上,论述了数学基础一致性处理、陆海融合地理信息要素编码体系与符号体系设计等关键技术,并提出了实现思路及一种要素编码体系设计方案,最后对某近海区域进行了陆海融合制图示范性研究,为陆海融合制图提供了思路与方法。

中国海陆1∶500万地理底图研制

介绍了1∶500万中国海陆及邻区地质地球物理系列图地理底图编制的资料来源、流程、比例尺以及地图投影的选取、制图综合的结果等,认为该地理底图能够满足系列图专题图件的要求,突出了系列图编制的指导思想。

民国年间南海岛礁维权与琼崖改省运动始末

民国元年,孙中山在旅京粤同乡的建议推动下倡议琼崖改省。民国年间,有识之士曾多次主张琼州建省,然而均因条件不具备而未能成功。究琼崖改省之动因,有经济、文化发展之需求,亦有民族意识、本土意识与海洋意识之觉醒。从清末民国时期的文集、地图、报刊等文献出发加以研究,发现琼崖改省运动的发展自始至终均与维护南海诸岛主权完整、捍卫我国海洋权益密切相关。以20世纪30年代水陆地图委员会的相关工作及抗战胜利后1946年海军收复西沙、南沙为界,大众之海权意识的发展可以分为三个阶段。

海陆一体化生产管理方法研究

针对传统海油生产中海陆一体化综合管理能力不足的问题,通过分析中海油信息化现状需求,提出基于"一张图"技术的海陆一体化生产管理支撑系统体系架构与技术路线,介绍了系统在绥中36-1项目应用成果。