Planning and construction of Xiong’an New Area(city of over 5 million people):Contributions of China’s geologists and urban geology

China established Xiong’an New Area in Hebei Province in 2017,which is planned to accommodate about 5 million people,aiming to relieve Beijing City of the functions non-essential to its role as China’s capital and to expedite the coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.From 2017 to 2021,the China Geological Survey(CGS)took the lead in multi-factor urban geological surveys involving space,resources,environments,and disasters according to the general requirements of“global vision,international standards,distinctive Chinese features,and future-oriented goals”in Xiong’an New Area,identifying the engineering geologic conditions and geologic environmental challenges of this area.The achievements also include a 3D engineering geological structure model for the whole area,along with“one city proper and five clusters”,insights into the ecology and the background endowment of natural resources like land,geothermal resources,groundwater,and wetland of the area before engineering construction,a comprehensive monitoring network of resources and environments in the area,and the“Transparent Xiong’an”geological information platform that is open,shared,dynamically updated,and three-dimensionally visualized.China’s geologists and urban geology have played a significant role in the urban planning and construction of Xiong’an New Area,providing whole-process geological solutions for urban planning,construction,operation and management.The future urban construction of Xiong’an New Area will necessitate the theoretical and technical support of earth system science(ESS)from various aspects,and the purpose is to enhance the resilience of the new type of city and to provide support for the green,low-carbon,and sustainable development of this area.

Classification and Spatial Pattern of Rural Multifunction from the Diversify of Construction Land Use:Taking Tongshan District of Jiangsu Province as a Case Study

The development of rural area in suburban(RAS)is comprehensively influenced by the mixed processes of non-farming,local urbanization and rural industrialization and has distinctive multifunctional features on the socioeconomic and resource utilization.Multifunctional reconstruction in the RAS is mainly manifested by changes in the quantity and structure of the construction land use(CLU).We took Tongshan District of Jiangsu Province as the study case.Following the logic of identifying,clustering,and diagnosing,we assessed the functional features of CLU and analyzed the differentiation of the scale and structure of CLU in RAS,with the aim of identifying the types and characteristics of multifunctional development in these regions.This study found that:1)typical RAS were experiencing multifunctional space reconstruction,and their multifunctional value was emerging and highlighted.The CLU was rapidly expanding,and the types of CLU were evolving from single to multiple uses;2)based on the dominant function of diverse rural CLU,we classified RAS into five types,dominated by the following functions,respectively:commercial services,industrial production,residential living,basic support and public service;3)according to the dominant function and spatial pattern,the development types of RAS were classified into agricultural service,comprehensive services,and integrated industries service,showing a circular spatial pattern from the suburbs to distant suburbs.The results can provide policy implication by creating new development impetus from rural multifunction perspective to promote the RAS revitalization.

Problems of Land Use and Management in Development Zones and Enlightenment to Implementation of "Construction up to the Mountains" Strategy in Yunnan

ln the research, problems of land use and management in development zone were concluded, and analysis was made on the causes in order to draw lessons from land use and management in development zones. Furthermore, enlight-enment to implementation of ＂construction up to the mountains＂ strategy in the ar-eas similar to Yunnan was explored, which provides references for developing of＂construction up to the mountains＂ strategy and protecting of highly-qualified cultivat-ed lands in dam regions.

Empirical Study on the Relationship between Economic Development and Urban Construction Land in China: Based on the Panel Data of Provinces

The panel data of 31 provinces,cities and autonomous regions was used in order to test the relationship between economic development and urban land. The result showed that the sequences of economic development and urban land were in accordance with first order integration. Secondly,there was cointegration between economic development and urban land and the cointegration equation illustrated that 10% of increase in GDP per capita would drive 4. 94% of expansion in city construction land. Thirdly,according to error correction model,economic development is the Granger cause of urban land expansion in the long term while the reverse relationship was not proved. In short-term,economic development and urban land expansion were Granger causes of each other. The long-term equilibrium can only regulate the short-term imbalance of urban land,arriving at 33. 83%. Therefore,the government should formulate related policies to encourage real estate developers and enterprises to increase land utilization efficiency,strictly control the increase of urban land and regulate short-term imbalance.

Spatial-temporal Dynamics and Driving Forces of Land Development Intensity in the Western China from 2000 to 2015

The change in land development intensity is an important perspective to reflect the variation in regional social and economic development and spatial differentiation.In this paper,spatial statistical analysis,Ordinary Least Squares(OLS),and Geographically weighted regression(GWR)methods are used to systematically analyse the spatial-temporal characteristics and driving forces of land development intensity for 131 spatial units in the western China from 2000 to 2015.The findings of the study are as follows:1)The land development intensity in the western China has been increasing rapidly.From 2000 to 2015,land development intensity increased by 3.4 times on average.2)The hotspot areas have shifted from central Inner Mongolia,northern Shaanxi and the Beibu Gulf of Guangxi to the Guanzhong Plain and the Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration.The areas of cold spots were mainly concentrated in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,Yunnan,and Xinjiang.3)Investment intensity and the natural environment have always been the main drivers of land development intensity in the western China.Investment played a powerful role in promoting land development intensity,while the natural and ecological environment distinctly constrained such development.The effect of the economic factors on land development intensity in the western China has changed,which is reflected in the driving factor of construction land development shifting from economic growth in 2000 to economic structure,especially industrial structure,in 2015.

The theory and method research on the double evaluation of land and space:A survey

By reviewing the theories and methods of resource and environmental carrying capacity evaluation and suitability evaluation of land and space development,it provides theoretical and technical support for rational layout and optimization of land and space development pattern.From the aspects of resource carrying capacity,environmental carrying capacity,the importance of ecological protection,the suitability of agricultural production,and the suitability of urban construction,we sort out domestic and foreign documents.The evaluation of resource carrying capacity has changed from single-factor evaluation to multi-factor comprehensive evaluation.At present,the optimization of land use pattern based on the“three-generation”space is still under exploration,it is not enough to systematize and summarize the thought of optimizing the spatial pattern of the national territory.The theoretical framework,model,method and index of“dual evaluation”of territorial space need to be improved continuously,it also needs the scientific analysis and cognition from the natural direction to the human location direction and the spatial equilibrium state as the new driving force.

Discussion on Green Development of Fenlong for Yield Increase, Quality Enhancing, Water Retaining and Multiple Use of Natural Resources

Fenlong green ecological agriculture technology （Fenlong technology）, a new smash ridging farming method developed by Guangxi Academy of Agdcultural Sciences, has been elected as the recommended cultivation technique by the Ministry of Agriculture of China. It replaces the traditional plowshare with spiral drill, and its tilth depth is twice deeper than that by tractor tilthing. It also extends soil nutrient, moisture, oxygen and microorganism, the so-called ＂Four pools＂. Soil nutrient, oxygen, microorganism, light and rainfall use ratio is increased by 10%-100%, creating a platform for natural increase of more than 10% of crop yield. Its application to over 20 kinds of crops in 21 provinces has proved that the yield increases 10-30% with quality enhancing 5% and double water retaining capacity but no more input. When the application area of Fenlong could reach 67 million hm2, the amount of fertilizer can be reduced by 40-50 billion kg, saving 120-150 billion Yuan. In this paper, we put forward the strategy of ＂4＋1＂ （arable, saline-alkali soil, grasslands, Sponge City ＋ rivers） green development in China, and deepened the Fenlong cultivated tilled layer from 16.5 cm to 35 cm for 67 million hm2 arable land, ridged 13.3 million hm2 of saline-alkali soil for 35 cm, and also 35 cm for 67 million hm2 degraded steppe, which could have the following 3 effects： first, the 147 million hm2 of land with Fenlong cultivation could increase loosing soil to 315.491 billion m3, in＊ creasing by 159.26% for 120 million hm2 of arable land with the average tilled layer of 16.5 cm, which has loosing soil of only 198.1 billion m3, that is, the space of the land increases 1.6 times. Second, every hectare of plowland could store up to 450 m3/hm2 of natural rainfall, and the unused 60 m3 of saline-alkali soil and grasslands could store water of 102 billion m3, showing an increase of over 88.89% for the current plowland storage of 54 billion m3 at now, that is, double the natural rainfall storage capacity. Third, the two multiple increase of natural resources application can bring trillions of resource activation, environmental cleaning, food security, citizens, health, economic, ecological and social benefits, and makes the Chinese nation move forward in green development. Its application in ＂big scientific research＂ and ＂One Belt And One Road＂ will contribute Chinese strength to the world.

Coordinated development of land multi-function space: An analytical framework for matching the supply of resources and environment with the use of land space for ecological protection, agricultural production and urban construction

Based on the carrying capacity of the resources and the environment,this article defines the connotation of the land multifunctional space(LMFS)from three aspects,ecological protection,agricultural production and urban construction,in the new era of land space planning system.Moreover,a framework is constructed for the coordinated development of the multi-functional oriented space to match the use of land space(ULS)with the supply of resources and environment(SRE).Based on this,the technology and methods of comprehensive evaluation,dominance recognition,and matching relationship division functions of the use of land space(FULS)and functions of the supply of resources and environment(FSRE)are discussed.The advantageous functions of the use of land space(AFULS)and advantageous functions of the supply of resources and environment(AFSRE)are also identified in the study area.A LMFS coordinated development system integrating“function position-comprehensive partition-regulation strategy”is proposed.Through the empirical study of Shandong province,we found that,first,the FULS of ecological protection space in the province is mainly found in high value areas,and the FSRE is mainly in low value areas,which has certain complementarity in the space.The FULS of agricultural production space is mainly observed in high value areas,the FSRE is mainly in middle value areas,and the spatial distribution is balanced and staggered.The FULS of the urban construction space and the FSRE are mainly in middle values areas,and the spatial distribution is basically similar.Second,the FULS in the study area is dominated by the single advantage of agricultural production and urban construction,while the FSRE has a relatively balanced distribution of the advantages of ecological protection,single agricultural production and compound advantages of agricultural production and urban construction,and urban construction and ecological protection.The matching between the two is mainly at high and middle levels.Specifically,70%of the province’s land space still has a certain development and utilization potential,and 30%of ULS intensity is close to or exceeds the resource and environment carrying capacity.Third,considering the comprehensive impact of resource endowment,social and economic development and policy and institutional environment on different matching relationships,this paper constructs the land spatial development strategic pattern of“two screens-seven regions-multicore”positioning and“four regions-eight categories”hierarchical area of Shandong at the macro level,and puts forward a differentiated land space development strategy.

Spatio-temporal analysis of land-use conversion in the eastern coastal China during 1996-2005

Based on the acquaintance of the regional background of urban-rural transformational development and investigations on the spot,this paper discusses the holistic situation, dominant factors and mechanism of arable land loss and land for construction occupation in the coastal area of China over the last decade,with the aid of GIS technology.Conclusions of the research are summarized as follows：（1）the arable land had been continuously decreasing from 1996 to 2005,with a loss of 1,708,700 hm^2 and an average decrement of 170,900 hm^2 per year;（2）land for construction increased 1,373,700 hm^2 ,with an average increment of 153,200 hm^2 per year;（3）total area of encroachment on arable land for construction between 1996 and 2005 was 1,053,100 hm^2 ,accounting for 34.03%of the arable land loss in the same period,the percentages of which used for industrial land（INL）,transportation land（TRL）,rural construction land（RUL）and town construction land（TOL）are 45.03%,15.8%,15.47%and 11.5%,respectively;and（4）the fluctuation of the increase of construction land and encroachment on arable land in the area were deeply influenced by the nation＇s macroscopic land-use policies and development level of regional economy.The growth of population and advancement of technology promoted the rapid industrialization, construction of transportation infrastructures,rural urbanization and expansion of rural settlements in the eastern coastal area,and therefore were the primary driving forces of land-use conversion.

基于Landsat城市建设用地及城市绿地空间分异研究

对城市绿地和建设用地的变化进行监测研究,为城市规划和土地利用管理提供决策依据。以长沙市天心区为研究对象,选择2008年、2013年和2017年的Landsat TM数据,利用监督分类的方法提取天心区的建设用地和绿地,使用扩张速度指数ESI、扩张强度指数EII和综合扩张程度指数EDI来描述建设用地和林地的空间分异特征。结果表明:长沙市天心区建设用地所占比重较大,且从2008年至2017年持续增加,从2008年的57.73%增加到2017年的67.94%;长沙市天心区绿地/林地所占比重逐渐减少,从2008年的36.80%减少到2017年的28.90%。在2008~2017年期间,长沙市天心区建设用地处于持续扩张中,综合扩张程度指数显示:2008~2013年阶段建设用地扩张速率与强度均略大于2013~2017年阶段;辖区绿地随着建设用地的扩张而逐步缩减,且前5a缩减速度要大于后4a,说明绿地在生态城市规划中越来越被重视。

“一带一路”倡议下产业布局引导地区开发实践——以孟加拉Baherchar Island地区综合开发规划为例

我国的城镇化发展在管理模式与实践上有着鲜明的中国特色。在“一带一路”的倡议下,走出国门、形成国际化共识,已经成为中国工程技术领域的重要发展方向。产业空间布局具备高度引领与基础保障的双重属性,在操作性和客观需求方面可以满足“一带一路”沿线国家的迫切需要。通过“一带一路”国际合作项目也可以帮助国内的工程师拓宽国际视野,形成一种标准化的、可供借鉴和学习的工程实践模式。

Impact of Chinese Local Government-led Construction Land Supply Strategies on Urban Innovation and its Spatiotemporal Differences

This study constructs a theoretical framework to analyze the impact of local governmentled construction land supply(LGCLS)strategies on urban innovation.It uses data related to 265 cities in China from 2005 to 2019 for empirical analysis.Its conclusions are as follows.For development stage differences,the impact of LGCLS strategies on urban innovation exhibited an inverted U shape with economic growth.The inflection point occurred when the per capita GDP equaled approximately RMB23,101 in 2008.For regional diferences,the inflection point in eastern China is higher and earlier than that in central and western China;before the inflection point,the positive infuence was more obvious in the central and western regions,whereas after the inflection point,the negative influence was more obvious in the eastern region.For the eastern Yangtze River Delta urban agglomerations and the northwestern resource-based urban agglomerations with relatively high per capita GDP,the negative impact of LGCLS strategies on urban innovation occurred earlier and showed spatial agglomeration characteristics.

Open Space Implications in Urban Development: Reflections in Recent Urban Planning Practices in Nepal

Open space has various implications in urban development planning and has been integrated in recent urban planning approaches and practices in Nepal.The open spaces are not only important for(re)shaping the urban form but are also important for enhancing urban social life and disaster risk management,particularly for dense cities.As most of the cities in Nepal have been growing haphazardly,the cities lack sufficient open space.However,the value of open space in dense cities like Kathmandu has been recognized more after the Gorkha Earthquake 2015 as the open spaces were extensively used for risk relief,treatment,recovery,and rehabilitation during and after the earthquake.With this background,this paper presents the major planning initiatives in Nepal and discusses how recent urban plans have provisioned and initiated open spaces development by reviewing concurrent urban planning practices,particularly reviewing Periodic Plans,Integrated Urban Development Plan,Smart City Plan,and Land Development Plan.The development of open areas has not been given much attention in the earlier urban planning practice but recent urban development planning has emphasized with a special focus which is very important for sustainable and safer city development and is expected to address the current bulging urban issues of spatiality and sociability.Therefore,it is very important for integrating open space implications in city planning and such open space should be conceptualized according to the city’s geography,landscape as well as socio-cultural contexts.

土地出让市场化对城市碳排放绩效的影响研究--基于城市面板数据的检验分析

文章基于2011—2022年中国地级市的面板数据,测算地级市土地出让市场化水平与地级市碳排放绩效,采用空间面板模型、工具变量法及调节效应模型等实证方法,检验了土地出让市场化对城市碳排放绩效的影响及其内在机制。研究发现:土地出让市场化与城市碳排放绩效之间呈显著的“U”型非线性关系,且通过系列稳健性检验与内生性处理后,该结论依然成立;作用机制检验表明,资源配置与产业结构升级在土地出让市场化对城市碳排放绩效的作用机制中发挥中介作用;调节效应检验表明,双重目标约束在土地出让市场化与碳排放绩效关系中发挥显著调节作用。研究结论有助于深入理解土地出让市场化对城市碳排放绩效的影响效果和内在机理,为推进土地出让市场化发展、提升城市碳排放绩效和优化目标约束提供有益借鉴。

我国粮食仓储设施建设与经济发展耦合协调的时空演化分析

利用2006—2020年中国31个省级行政区面板数据,在分析我国粮食仓储设施建设综合水平的基础上,对粮食仓储设施建设与经济发展耦合协调的时空演变特征进行研究,得出以下结论:在研究期内,我国粮食仓储设施建设综合评价值波动上升,空间上呈东高西低态势;粮食仓储设施建设与经济发展的耦合协调度偏低,呈上升-下降-上升趋势;耦合协调度的空间关联性自2009年开始逐渐显著,空间集聚程度呈北高南低的态势,空间演变格局具有向东北方向移动的集聚态势。根据研究结论,建议未来因地制宜提升不同省份粮食仓储设施建设与经济发展的协调匹配程度,以高耦合协调度地区带动周边地区发展,实现全国范围内粮食仓储设施建设与经济发展的协调进步。

集体经营性建设用地入市制度的实施与司法应对

落实和实施集体经营性建设用地入市制度对于构建城乡统一的建设用地市场意义重大。现行法虽然为集体经营性建设用地入市提供了许多实体、程序规则,但存在规范不衔接乃至规范冲突等问题,为此,须从司法裁判视角确定各类相关规则的规范功能和规范要求。具言之,在司法审查过程中,集体经营性建设用地应采用“集体土地所有权依法登记且入市地块符合现行有效的国土空间规划”标准进行认定,集体经营性建设用地入市的决策应遵循“全体具有完全民事行为能力的成员三分之二以上参加并同意”规则,集体经营性建设用地入市合同应认定为民事合同,集体经营性建设用地入市监管协议的法律性质应认定为行政协议。围绕集体经营性建设用地入市合同和监管协议产生的纠纷应当分别通过民事诉讼和行政诉讼程序加以解决。

区级培智学校规划布局及空间构成探析

为了优化特殊学生的教育资源配置,本文提出了培智学校分级规划的模式。在此基础上,笔者对区级培智学校规划布局原则、校园空间模式与空间构成要点进行梳理和分析,明确了区级培智学校的建设思路,为我国特殊教育事业的长远发展贡献了具体方法。

重庆市中心城区非集中建设区规划策略研究

非集中建设区是国土空间规划的重要区域,也是落实全域全要素规划治理的重要空间载体。针对非集中建设区存在的权属复杂多元、要素庞杂多元、管理主体多元的空间特征,以重庆市中心城区为例,提出非集中建设区国土空间规划策略:针对多元的特点,统筹谋划空间发展目标,构建非集中建设区国土空间规划体系;通过分级分区编制管理,将“多元”要素管控要求逐层传导落实;通过多规协同治理,充分发挥“多元”主体能动作用。

公共阅读空间高质量发展的“连云港模式”

公共阅读空间是公共文化服务体系的重要组成,是社会大众进行阅读活动和文化交流的重要场所。推动公共文化服务高质量发展、实现公共文化服务现代化是全面建设社会主义现代化国家的重要目标之一,图书馆作为重要的文化服务机构,应该依托自身的空间优势及资源优势,加大公共阅读空间的建设,推动公共阅读空间的高质量发展。社会对文化事业的重视和政府相应的政策支持,进一步推动了图书馆公共阅读空间的建设。该研究以连云港图书馆的公共阅读空间建设为例,探讨了公共图书馆公共阅读空间建设特点,并提出了相应的发展措施,以期更好地推动公共阅读空间的高质量发展。

宁夏城市建设用地节约集约利用与高质量发展耦合协调研究

当前中国进入高质量发展阶段,缓解城市快速扩张伴随的土地利用粗放问题对城市可持续发展具有重要意义。现有研究多单方面关注城市建设用地节约集约水平或高质量发展状态,较少讨论两系统间的耦合协调关系。通过构建多维指标体系,测度2018年宁夏22个区县城市建设用地节约集约利用水平和高质量发展状态,并采用耦合协调度、相对发展度和影响协调力分析两系统间的耦合协调关系。结果表明:(1)2018年宁夏城市建设用地节约集约水平呈现出“中部低、南北高”的分布态势,而高质量发展水平呈现出“西北高、东南低”的空间分布格局。(2)两系统耦合协调度空间上呈现出“中部低、南北高”的分布格局,宁夏大部分区县处于基本协调状态且两系统关系呈良性循环。(3)创新和安全子系统对两系统的耦合协调度普遍起反向阻滞作用;绿色和协调子系统对两系统的耦合协调度普遍起正向推动作用。研究结果可为黄河流域高质量发展情境下促进建设用地节约集约利用提供实证依据。