Mining Weights of Land Evaluation Factors Based on Cloud Model and Correlation Analysis

The veracity of land evaluation is tightly related to the reasonable weights of land evaluation fac- tors. By mapping qualitative linguistic words into a fine-changeable cloud drops and translating the uncertain factor conditions into quantitative values with the uncertain illation based on cloud model, and then, inte- grating correlation analysis, a new way of figuring out the weight of land evaluation factors is proposed. It may solve the limitations of the conventional ways.

Relative importance of climate factors and human activities in impacting vegetation dynamics during 2000–2015 in the Otindag Sandy Land,northern China

In recent years, there has been increasing research interests in differentiating the relative importance of climate factors and human activities in impacting vegetation dynamics. In this study, based on residual trend method, we used MOD13A3（MODIS vegetation index product）, MCD12Q1（MODIS land cover product） and meteorological datasets to differentiate the relative importance of climate factors and human activities in impacting vegetation dynamics during 2000–2015 in the Otindag Sandy Land, northern China. Results show that during the study period（2000–2015）, the overall vegetation condition had improved in the Otindag Sandy Land. The driving forces of vegetation dynamics differed spatially in the whole study area over the study period. The area with vegetation degradation solely resulted from human activities accounted for 8.23% of the study area, while the area with vegetation degradation resulted from others（including climate factors and combination of climate factors and human activities） occupied 1.53%. The area with vegetation recovery benefitted from human activities occurred over 26.02% of the study area; the area benefitted from climate factors accounted for 23.69%; and the area benefitted from both climate factors and human activities occupied 37.74%. All in all, impacts of climate factors and human activities on vegetation dynamics varied at the county/city/banner scales and locality-specific measures should be adopted to protect the environments.

The influencing factors of urban land expansion in Changsha

This research systematically analyses land-use map of Changsha city in different periods of time. The spatial form and structural evolution was analysed by studying indices such as city land-use structure proportion, expansion intensity, economic flexibility, population flexibility, changing compactness index and so on. The dynamic mechanism of urban land expansion has been discussed by integrating the regional social economy development situation and many aspects such as the physiographical surrounding, population and economic development, traffic infrastructure, planning and regional development tactic and system innovation. The research indicates that the urban land expansion speed and intensity have steadily increased in Changsha from 1949 to 2004. The expansion form has been from a single external expansion to a combination form of external and internal expansion, from a circular or linear continuous form to a blocky or agglomeration shape. Overall, the urban land expansion of Changsha city is a phasic, diversified and complex process. And no matter what the stage is, it is an organic system containing multiple speed, pattern and shape, which are driven by multiple impetuses. The dominant feature at different stages was highlighted because of the balance and fluctuation between different forces, and the existing urban land border and shape have resulted from the joint efforts of these phasic forces.

Dynamic changes and driving factors of land use under new-type urbanization: A case of Guiyang

With the continuous progress of new-type urbanization in Karst mountain area, how to correctly deal with the relationship between urban economy and land use are attracting much attention. Based on the land-use change data, this paper analyzes the characteristics of land use change and its driving factors in Guiyang with the method of land-use dynamic analysis, land utilization and factor correlation analysis. We get the following results:(1) the change of land use was obvious during 2004 and 2012. The area of arable land and other land were decreased, the rate of decrease are 3.89% and 8.24%. In the meantime, a series of construction land and forest area increased a lot, the rate of increase are 3.89% and 8.24%.(2) The integrated land use dynamic degree of two research stages(2004-2009 and 2009-2012) were decreased from 2.12% to 0.34%, this suggests dynamic changes of land tend to be stable.(3) Four kinds of Land use class have a great contribution to the index of land use degree respectively. The composite index of land use degree rose from 229.58 to 247.19 during 2004 and 2012; the land use is still in the development stage.(4) Economy, population, transportation and policy guidance are the main drivers of land use change.

Correlative Analysis on Forestry Land and Topography Factors Based on Tianguan Town of Youyang County

In order to more clearly understand the relevance of the forestry land distribution and the terrain factors,basic information was given in this paper on the reasonable utilization of forest resources in mountainous areas and the ecological environment protection.Based on the registration overlay analysis of high resolution aerial,satellite photograph and 1∶10 000 topographic map by making use of geostatistics of ArcGIS9.3,different photo color referred to different types of vegetation landscape,acquired factor data in small classes of woodland with visual interpretation in small classes of woodland and field research,and the correlation between forestry land and topography factors were discussed.It was shown that:in areas of low elevation and low slope where human beings were highly involved,all sorts of forestry land were distributed,which meant evolution and slope had little effect on forestry land,and that in those areas where human activities were lessened little by little with high elevation and high slope,kinds of forestry land decreased accordingly.Furthermore,the irrigated paddy fields were the main types of forestry land on the elevation of 1 200 m and slope above 35°.Differences among kinds of forestry land were comparatively indistinct from the perspective of slope.

Land Use/Land Cover Dynamics and Anthropogenic Driving Factors in Lake Baringo Catchment, Rift Valley, Kenya

Anthropogenic activities have altered land cover in Lake Baringo Catchment contributing to increased erosion and sediment transport into water bodies. The study aims at analyzing the spatial and temporal Land Use and Land Cover Changes (LULCC) changes from 1988 to 2018 and to identify the main driving forces. GIS and Remote Sensing techniques, interviews and field observations were used to analyze the changes and drivers of LULCC from 1988-2018. The satellite imagery was selected from SPOT Image for the years 1988, 1998, 2008 and 2018. Environment for Visualizing Images (ENVI 5.3) was used to perform image analysis and classification. The catchment was classified into six major LULC classes which are water bodies, settlement, rangeland, vegetation, farmland and bare land. The results revealed that, between the years 1988-1998, and 1998-2008, water bodies decreased by 2.77% and 0.76% respectively. However, during the years 2008-2018, water body coverage increased by 1.87%. Forest cover steadily increased from 1988-2018. From 1988-1998, 1998-2008 and 2008-2018, farmland was increased by 21.11%, 3.21% and 1.7% while rangeland decreased continuously between the years 1988-1998, 1998-2008 and 2008-2018 in the order 15.14%, 4.13% and 3.74% respectively. Similarly, bare land also reduced by 1.75%, 1.04% and 0.99% between the years 1988-1998, 1998-2008 and 2008-2018 respectively. The findings attributed LULCC to rapid population growth, deforestation, poor farming practices and overstocking. The results will provide valuable information to the relevant stakeholders to formulate evidence-based land use management strategies in order to achieve ecological integrity.

System Factors for Land Corruption in China

In China,institutional factors for the land corruption include:(i)implementation of land policy lacking proper security mechanism;(ii)weak supervision system;(iii)vacancy in supervision due to dual land management system;(iv)corruption of land finance resulted from system of tax allocation;(v)imperfect land management system;(vi)poor coordination between central and local government in land policy;(vii)unreasonable land allocation system;(viii)vacancy in unified procedure and standard of land transfer.In view of these factors,this paper came up with pertinent countermeasures:(i)improving land operation mechanism and establishing sunshine land market;(ii)improving corresponding supervision mechanism and verification system;(iii)taking advantage of the audit system.

AN ANALYSIS ON LOCATION FACTORS AFFECTING THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF SHANGHAI LAND VALUES

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Spatio-temporal evolution of ecologically-sustainable land use in China's Loess Plateau and detection of its influencing factors

Ecological land(Eco-land) is a basic resource for human beings to survive, and eco-land use is a strategy, a way to manage the land resource. So, ecologically-sustainable land use is essential for human beings to survive. This paper investigates the spatiotemporal characteristics and mechanisms of urban-rural eco-land using a new and innovative integration way based on eco-land change data in China's Loess Plateau(LP) prefecture level cities and explores factors of eco-land change. The spatial difference characteristic of eco-land among different level cities in the LP is that: small cities > big cities > middle cities. From 2009 to 2016, the eco-land in the LP from the perspective of urban-rural areas has changed significantly. Significant differences of urban-rural eco-land were identified among various urban growth types, and all the cities in the LP were further classified into four types based on eco-land change trend, with type A and B cities identified as the vital zone and major zone. Taking the eco-fragile region Loess Plateau(LP) as an example, our results demonstrated that the migrants to cities in LP could relieve ecological pressures and promote restoration of ecological vegetation. We have demonstrated that urbanization and the influence of government policy can be discerned through the quantification of the spatial-temporal change of eco-land and suggest that combining both urban and rural eco-land can support more effective land use decisions and provide theoretical basis for the practical application of urban planning, policy-making and sustainable development. What's more, governments should strive to population mobility and restore vegetation to sustain this fragile ecological environment.

A Study of the Factors that Affect Farmers' Willingness to Transfer Land in the Central Regions Based on a Survey of 180 Farmers in Suizhou City

Based on the questionnaire survey of land transfer in Suixian County and Zengdu District of Hubei Province,this paper analyzes the factors that affect farmers' willingness to transfer land from regional characteristics,individual characteristics of farmers,and household characteristics of farmers. The survey results show that farmers' willingness to transfer land is affected by many factors. And the level of regional economic development,farmer's age,educational level,family population and income are the important factors influencing farmers' land transfer.The key factor influencing the willingness to transfer out land is farmers' high reliance on land security function,and the main reasons for farmers' land transfer-in lie in low agricultural comparative benefits and immature land transfer market.

Evaluation on the Influencing Factors of Agricultural Land Productivity in Huang-Huai Plain,China

Taking Huang-Huai Plain as an example,evaluation index system is established from four aspects,including the resources condition,the social and economic condition,the agricultural science and technology condition,and the disaster resistant and sustainable production condition.Correlation coefficient method and expert consultation method are used to determine the weight of evaluation index.After the standardization of extreme value,weighted sum method and multiple regression method are adopted to evaluate the influencing factors of agricultural land productivity in Huang-Huai Plain,China.Evaluation result shows that agricultural science and technology condition has a lower contribution rate to the productivity of Huang-Huai Plain than that to Henan Province.Resources condition has a higher contribution rate to the productivity of Huang-Huai Plain than that to Henan Province.Both the social and economic condition and the disaster control and sustainable production condition show relatively small contribution rate to the productivity of Huang-Huai Plain.It can be concluded that the main factors affecting the productivity of Huang-Huai Plain are the backward agricultural science and technology level,the poor farmland quality and the farmland infrastructure.Based on this,relevant suggestions are put forward to improve the farmland productivity of Huang-Huai Plain.

Research on Tourism Competitiveness of Chinese Island Counties:Based on Factor and Cluster Analysis

From the perspective of tourism competitiveness,the paper takes 12 island counties of China as the research object,and applies the method of factor analysis to study their competitiveness.The result shows that Putuo and Dinghai are more competitive while Pingtan and Nan'ao are less competitive.Finally,the 12 island counties are divided into four styles:first-class competitive county (Putuo),seond-class competitive counties (Dinghai,Yuhuan),third-class competitive counties (Chongming,Daishan,Changdao,Changhai and Shengsi),fourth-class competitive counties (Dongshan,Dongtou,Pingtan and Nan'ao) by cluster analysis.The classification of island counties is to clear their relative position,then to promote their development.

Urban Expansion and Its Influencing Factors in Natural Wetland Distribution Area in Fuzhou City,China

This paper principally focuses on land use dynamics,urban expansion and underlying driving forces in the Natural Wetland Distribution Area(NWDA)of Fuzhou City in the southeastern China.Based on time series Landsat TM/ETM+imageries and historical data,relationships between urban land expansion and its influencing factors from 1989 to 2009 were analyzed by using an integrated approach of remote sensing(RS)and geographic information system(GIS)techniques.The results showed that built-up land increased from 151.16 km2in 1989 to 383.76 km 2in 2009. Approximately 64.25%of the newly emerging built-up land was converted from cropland(29.47%),forest and shrub (25.78%),water(3.73%),wetland(4.61%),and bare land(0.66%)during 1989 and 2009.With a remarkable decrease in cropland,the proportion of non-agricultural population increased by 23.6%.Moreover,rapid development of infrastructures,facilities,industrial parks,and urban and rural settlements along the Minjiang River resulted in the eastward and southward expansion of built-up land.Additionally,the growth pattern of built-up land in the NWDA is highly correlated with socio-economic factors,including the gross domestic product(GDP),GDP per capita,and structure of industry.As a result,the observed environmental degradation such as loss of cropland and wetland due to heavy pressure of rapid urbanization have greatly impaired the carrying capacity of city.Thus,in addition to scientific and rational policies towards minimizing the adverse effects of urbanization,coordination between the administrative agencies should be urgently strengthened to balance the conflicts between urban development and ecological conservation to make sure the sustainable land use.

基于LANDSAT的辽宁省朝阳市1985—2020年退耕还林工程动态监测

[目的]分析辽宁省朝阳市退耕还林工程作用下的土地覆被情况,跟踪监测年际间地类变动趋势,探讨退耕还林工程对朝阳市荒山、耕地、林地和草地的影响,为朝阳市土地资源合理规划利用提供科学支撑。[方法]基于1985—2020年逐期Landsat影像,利用C5.0算法提取该地区地表覆被时空分布信息,借助土地利用动态度、土地利用转移矩阵等分析36 a间山田林草的动态变化及其驱动因素。[结果]①36 a间朝阳市荒山绿化面积达2745.5 km^(2),退耕还绿的面积约933 km^(2),工程成效较为显著。②退耕区和还林区主要分布在坡度>25°和海拔超过500 m的地区,二者变化主要表现在内部结构的转换,即增加海拔低于500 m和坡度<25°的耕地比例,基本符合退耕还林政策要求。[结论]5个阶段内朝阳市的山田林草在年际间都存在相互转换的情况,相比前3个阶段,后两个阶段在政策实施的加持下“逆过程”现象减少,工程实施方面仍需加强监督,精确理解国家政策和项目技术规程,因地制宜地贯彻有关政策。

农地流转提升了农业绿色全要素生产率吗?

在2006-2021年中国30个省份的面板数据基础上,本文通过SBM-GML超效率模型测算中国各省份农业绿色全要素生产率。采用双向固定效应模型和工具变量模型等方法,实证分析农地流转和农业绿色TFP之间的内在联系,并分析其影响路径机制。研究发现,中国农业绿色全要素生产率能够持续增长的主要原因在于技术进步。而农地流转能够推动农业绿色全要素生产率增长则是得益于技术效率改进。从异质性分析来看,农地流转对农业绿色全要素生产率增长的促进作用最显著的是东部地区和非粮食主产区,但在西部地区却正好相反。因此,中国应当加快推进农地流转工作进展,促进农业生产和经营管理模式变革,加快研发、推广和应用农业绿色生产技术,构建区域协作互助机制促进地区交流,进而促进农业绿色全要素生产率的提高。

严控“溢价率”条件下住宅用地定价影响因素研究

土地市场是全国统一大市场的有机组成部分,地价管理是土地市场建设的核心工作之一。文章从土地的商品属性和特征价格出发,阐述了不完全竞争状态下的地价波动现象,强调了建立要素市场价格异常波动调节机制的必要性。基于评估方法交叉混淆、评估参数偏差不当、权重选取主观随意、土地评估对未来房价走势及库存和销售情况不敏感等问题,分析了土地评估的局限性。结合严控“溢价率”政策对住宅用地定价的更高要求,指出政府在确定土地出让价格时需一并考虑土地出让底价与15%“溢价率”之间的上下限关系。研究认为:确定住宅用地出让价格是一项复杂而庞大的系统工程,并非由单一因素决定,除参考土地评估价格以外,还应重视土地储备成本、土地出让计提、土地隐性成本、出让年度计划、土地使用强度、地价房价关系、房屋去化周期等7种因素对土地出让价格的影响。在此基础上,将土地出让成本的硬性约束作用、土地供应的政策导向作用、房地联动的产业关联作用纳入住宅用地价格形成机制之中。

大汶河流域土地利用时空演变分析及生态空间多情景模拟

多情景模拟土地利用演变为大汶河流域土地管理和推动区域高质量发展提供参考。基于大汶河流域1990、2000、2010和2020年土地利用数据,借助动态度和土地利用转移矩阵分析研究区近30年来的土地利用时空演变特征和相关驱动机制,从地理环境、社会经济和交通路网三方面选取12个驱动因子,设置生态保护、耕地优先和经济发展3种情景,利用PLUS模型模拟研究区2030年土地利用空间分布及对比分析各情景模拟差异。结果表明:①近30年来,耕地面积减少明显,达630 km^(2);建筑用地面积持续增长且增幅较大,占比从8.8%增至16.7%。②2020年土地利用模拟结果Kappa系数为0.89,总精度为93.15%,均高于标准,PLUS模型满足大汶河流域土地利用模拟要求。③综合3种情景模拟结果发现,耕地优先情景下,耕地面积总量得到有效保护,相对限制建筑用地面积的增长,同时生态环境和经济建设都得到较好保障。因此耕地优先情景更符合大汶河流域可持续发展的要求。

不同主导功能开发区土地集约利用研究——以江苏省188个省级及以上开发区为例

开发区是实体经济发展的重要载体。研究不同主导功能开发区的土地集约利用对促进产业转型升级和区域高质量发展有重要意义。文章以江苏省188个省级及以上开发区为例,构建了基于不同主导功能的具有可比性的开发区土地集约利用评价指标体系,运用AHP-CRITIC组合赋权法测算开发区土地利用集约度,并从开发区主导功能视角对比产城融合型和工业主导型开发区土地集约利用差异构建回归模型,探讨开发区主导功能对土地集约利用的影响。研究表明:(1)江苏省开发区土地集约利用水平空间差异明显,不论是全部开发区还是不同主导功能开发区,土地利用集约度均呈现出苏南高、苏中次之、苏北最低的特点;(2)江苏省工业主导型开发区土地利用集约度高于产城融合型开发区;(3)开发区主导功能对土地集约利用水平具有显著影响,表现为产城融合型开发区对土地利用集约度有显著负效应。

土地政策松绑与县域新型城镇化——来自农村宅基地改革的经验证据

以县域为重要载体的新型城镇化是实现中国式现代化的必由之路,但随着农村剩余劳动力的不断外流,土地粗放利用、宅基地闲置甚至抛荒问题日益凸显。宅基地改革是促进土地要素与新型城镇化协调发展的重要举措,基于宅基地改革试点政策,运用多期双重差分法构造准自然实验,检验农村宅基地改革能否促进县域新型城镇化。研究发现:农村宅基地改革可以显著提升县域新型城镇化水平。政策路径识别发现,农村宅基地改革从非农就业、产业结构升级和激发市场潜能三方面提升县域新型城镇化水平。异质性研究表明,行政区划上,农村宅基地制度改革对于县、县级市和市辖区的新型城镇化水平提升能力呈现递增趋势;地区差异上,农村宅基地制度改革的政策效应在东部、中部地区县域得到有效发挥,对西部地区县域新型城镇化水平提升效果有限。通过土地政策改革推进以县域为载体的新型城镇化提供了经验证据,同时也从经验上就如何稳慎推进农村宅基地改革试点提供政策启示。