基于OpenStreetMap数据的土地利用制图

开展土地利用监测对于国土空间规划等具有重要意义,目前的土地利用监测方法数据处理十分烦琐、效率较低。开放街道地图(OSM)作为最具代表性的自发地理信息系统,具有数据更新快、数据面广等优点。本文基于利用OSM数据,提出了一种基于相交面积建立OSM属性类别和参考数据土地利用类别间对应关系的方法,并通过对20个实验城市进行高质量土地利用制图,验证了方法的有效性和科学性。

Environmental Sensitivity Index Mapping for Environmental Sustainable Cleanup along NAOC Pipeline, Asemoku, Delta State, Nigeria

During emergency response to oil spills incident accurate information is required in order to reduce the risk associated with oil spill disasters. This study focuses on Environmental Sensitivity mapping for sustainable environmental clean-up and contingency planning along the 3.0 km of AGIP pipeline at Asemoku in Delta State, Nigeria. Geographic information systems (GIS) techniques were used to create an Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) map in the study area. A 2018 Google Earth Satellite imagery of the study area was downloaded, and landuse/cover classification scheme comprising of Vegetation, Farmland, Water Body, Wetland, built up area and Bare Surface was adopted. Existing categorization, ranking and classification of the inland habitat were adopted and used to create a Landuse/cover Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) map, while the buffer zones of 100 m, 200 m, 300 m and 400 m were adopted. In the ArcGIS 10.8 environment, the landuse/cover map was generated and buffer distances of 100 m, 200 m, 300 m and 400 m were created on the landuse/cover map to ascertain the features that are vulnerable and could be at risk in the event of oil spill. This study established that the Natural Vegetation areas are the most vulnerable and sensitive feature as a result of their size along the created buffer zones. Findings from this study thus provide insight into the most sensitive land-use/land-cover, in the event of a spill or emergency oil spill clean-up response.

Creation of New Global Land Cover Map with Map Integration

We present here a new approach to the development of a global land cover map. We combined three existing global land cover maps (MOD12, GLC2000, and UMD) based on the principle that the majority view prevails and validated the resulting map by using information collected as part of the Degree Confluence Project (DCP). We used field survey information gathered by DCP volunteers from 4211 worldwide locations to validate the new land cover map, as well as the three existing land cover maps that were combined to create it. Agreement between the DCP-derived information and the land cover maps was 61.3% for our new land cover map, 60.3% for MOD12, 58.9% for GLC2000, and 55.2% for UMD. Although some of the improvements we achieved were not statistically significant, this project has shown that an improved land cover map can be developed and well-validated globally using our method.

Application of Earth Remote Sensing and GIS in Mapping Land Cover Patterns in Kinangop Division, Kenya

Land cover is a fundamental variable that links many facets of the natural environment and a key driver of global environmental change.Alterations in its status can have significant ramifications at local,regional and global levels.Hence,it is imperative to map land cover at a range of spatial and temporal scales with a view to understanding the inherent patterns for effective characterization,prediction and management of the potential environmental impacts.This paper presents the results of an effort to map land cover patterns in Kinangop division,Kenya,using geospatial tools.This is a geographic locality that has experienced rapid land use transformations since Kenya's independence culminating in uncontrolled land cover changes and loss of biodiversity.The changes in land use/cover constrain the natural resource base and presuppose availability of quantitative and spatially explicit land cover data for understanding the inherent patterns and facilitating specific and multi-purpose land use planning and management.As such,the study had two objectives viz.(i) mapping the spatial patterns of land cover in Kinangop using remote sensing and GIS and;(ii) evaluating the quality of the resultant land cover map.ASTER satellite imagery acquired in January 23,2007 was procured and field data gathered between September l0 and October 16,2007.The latter were used for training the maximum likelihood classifier and validating the resultant land cover map.The land cover classification yielded 5 classes,overall accuracy of 83.5%and kappa statistic of 0.79,which conforms to the acceptable standards of land cover mapping. This qualifies its application in environmental decision-making and manifests the utility of geospatial techniques in mapping land resources.

Optimization of Map Compilation for County-level Land Consolidation Planning

Based on practice of the land consolidation planning in Changfeng County of Hefei City,taking full account of reality of land consolidation and its significance as livelihood project,we analyzed map compilation procedure.In combination with actual effect of land consolidation,we carried out consolidation assessment of same elements by overall planning method,and optimized the map compilation for county-level land consolidation planning.Results show that planning map of land consolidation potential is to be improved and legends should be merged.After consolidation of legends,it is convenient to apply in potential planning map and solve complicated problem of reading maps.

LAND-COVER DENSITY-BASED APPROACH TO URBAN LAND USE MAPPING USING HIGH-RESOLUTION IMAGERY

Nowadays, remote sensing imagery, especially with its high spatial resolution, has become an indispensable tool to provide timely up-gradation of urban land use and land cover information, which is a prerequisite for proper urban planning and management. The possible method described in the present paper to obtain urban land use types is based on the principle that land use can be derived from the land cover existing in a neighborhood. Here, moving window is used to represent the spatial pattern of land cover within a neighborhood and seven window sizes (61m×61m, 68m×68m, 75m×75m, 87m×87m, 99m×99m, 110m×110m and 121m×121m) are applied to determining the most proper window size. Then, the unsupervised method of ISODATA is employed to classify the layered land cover density maps obtained by the moving window. The results of accuracy evaluation show that the window size of 99m×99m is proper to infer urban land use categories and the proposed method has produced a land use map with a total accuracy of 85%.

Land Capability Index Mapping for Waste Disposal Landuse Option Using Geographic Information System (GIS) in Enugu Area, South Eastern Nigeria

The projected 300% growth rate in the population of Enugu area and its environs by the year 2020 and the expected increase in waste generation necessitated the need to map out areas for waste disposal for future utilization and as a protective strategy for the environment in Enugu area. Land capability index mapping using Geographic Information System (GIS) is one of the appropriate tools required for solving this problem. A total of 12 landuse determinants were selected as thematic data layers, and as basic factors influencing the choice of waste disposal landuse option in the area. The themes (thematic maps) generated from field/laboratory measurements and from literature, include slope, water table, surface and subsurface water conditions, elevation, geology, soil, drainage and geo-structural stability (fault, erosion, landslide and flooding) maps. The maps were scanned, digitized, georeferenced, and polygonized using autocard drawing capabilities to convert them into vector format and later exported to arc view software for analysis. The final processing using overlay model builder yields layers that display areas of preferred waste disposal sites in a map form, which generally shows areas of varying suitability (suitable, moderately (low) suitable and unsuitable). The waste disposal map of Enugu area shows that blocks1 (Obeagu area) and 3 (Ebe/Nsude areas) represent suitable and unsuitable areas, respectively, while block 2 (Ngwo area) has low suitability for waste disposal.

Rubber Tree Distribution Mapping in Northeast Thailand

In many parts of mainland Southeast Asia rubber plantations are expanding rapidly in areas where the crop was not historically found. Monitoring and mapping the distribution of rubber trees in the region is necessary for developing a better understanding of the consequences of land-cover and land-use change on carbon and water cycles. In this study, we conducted rubber tree growth mapping in Northeast Thailand using Landsat 5 TM data. A Mahalanobis typicality method was used to identify different age rubber trees. Landsat 5 TM 30 m non-thermal reflective bands, NDVI and tasseled cap transformation components were selected as the model input metrics. The validation was carried out using provincial level agricultural statistical data on the rubber tree growth area. At regional (Northeast Thailand) and provincial scales, the estimates of mature and middle-age rubber stands produced from 30 m Landsat 5 TM data compared well (high statistical significance) with the provincial rubber tree growth statistical data.

Algorithm of symbol generation and configuration of land polygons in present land-use map

The symbolization of land polygon is an important part of cartography. In the mapping of traditional present land-use maps, the symbol of land polygons was usually filled by the method of filling or plotting, but these methods can't solve the spatial conflicts of the symbol. According to the principle of cartography, the rule of how to symbolize the land polygon was summarized, and a new method that can generate and deploy the land symbols was presented. By making use of C# programming language and Arc Engine developing components, the algorithm can generate land symbols presenting triangle and adjust the coordinate of the symbol. Through mapping the present land-use map of Honghe county, this algorithm can reduce 88.84% of the spatial conflicts error rate compared with the traditional methods. It improves the accuracy and efficiency of the map symbolic.

Land Cover Map Delineation, for Agriculture Development, Case Study in North Sinai, Egypt Using SPOT4 Data and Geographic Information System

Land cover map for a part of North Sinai was produced using the FAO—Land Cover Classification System (LCCS) of 2004. The standard FAO classification scheme provides a standardized system of classification that can be used to analyze spatial and temporal land cover variability in the study area. This approach also has the advantage of facilitating the integration of Sinai land cover mapping products to be included with the regional and global land cover datasets. The total study area is 7450 km2 (1,773,842) feddans. The landscape classification was performed on SPOT4 data acquired in 2011 using combined multi-spectral bands of 20 meter spatial resolution. Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to edit the classification result in order to reach the maximum possible accuracy. GIS was also used to include all necessary information. The identified vegetative land cover classes of the study area are irrigated herbaceous crops, irrigated tree crops and rain fed tree crops. The non-vegetated land covers in the study area include: bare rock, bare soil, bare soil stony, bare soil very stony, bare soil salt crusts, loose and shifting sands and sand dunes. The water bodies were classified as artificial perennial water bodies (fish ponds and irrigated canals) and natural perennial water bodies as lakes (standing) and rivers (flowing). Artificial surfaces in the study area include linear and non-linear. The produced maps and the statistics of the different land covers are included in the following sub-sections.

Design and Realization of MapSUV Rural Land Surveying Palm Mapping System

The original surveying tools and methods are backward and low efficient and they will also generate lots of errors in the National secondary land surveying. MapSUV rural land surveying palm mapping system (MapSUV palm mapping system) based on 3S techniques, combines MapGIS rural land surveying database management system. It supports the spatial location information collection and attributes data entry. By combining with GPS receiver, it ensures high accuracy in small volume, which greatly facilitates land surveying. This paper main researched system structure, function module design and key techniques. It introduced the practical process of map spot attribute checking and map spot boundary. Then it gave the application assessment. The results shows that this system greatly improves the work efficiency of outdoor surveying and shorten the time of land surveying, database build and updating.

Land-Use Impact and Nitrate Analysis to Validate DRASTIC Vulnerability Maps Using a GIS Platform of Pablillo River Basin, Linares, N.L., Mexico

Preventive management of groundwater resources and their protection against pollution is one of the major challenges of our society. Groundwater systems are related with the surficial processes like territorial administration that is one of the most important tasks into the human development, because it involves serious problems to define the spatial medium, the industrial site-selection and the land-use allocation. Land-use and anthropogenic distribution could be the origin of the emission of pollutants that constitutes a serious health risk in urban areas. Nitrate was used as a pollution indicator in the Pablillo River Basin (PRB), to know the evolution of groundwater quality between 1981 and 2009 using GIS platform linked to vulnerability maps of DRASTIC (Depth to the water table;net groundwater Recharge;Aquifer type;Soil type;Topography;Impact of the vadose zone and hydraulic Conductivity of the saturated zone). The study area is centered on the Linares city;changes in aquifer vulnerability were assessed over time on two stages (2007 and 2001). In both cases, depth from surface to groundwater plays an important role by being the most dynamic variable over time. This study shows that the depth of water table is the key factor in the evaluation of groundwater vulnerability. The significance of land-use impact in contamination process called Index of Pollution Risk (IPR) and nitrate distribution process in the aquifer system was used as anthropogenic indicator together with the IPR in order to associate the land-use, the aquifer-vulnerability and human-activities. The final map of IPR allows determining possible polluted zones verified by high nitrate contents over the aquifer system. Land-use proved to be an important parameter necessary to correct the vulnerability maps using the DRASTIC method. This assessment is valid for situations where a specific time is defined because six of seven parameters change their properties in a very long term. The IPR-map could be an important key tool to prevent complex scenarios of groundwater contamination and to improve the aquifer management for decision makers, governments and private companies.

An Assessment and Geostatistics of Land-Use and Selected Physico-Chemical Properties of Soils in the Mount Cameroon Area

This work investigated the land-use/land-cover and some physico-chemical properties of the soils of Mt Cameroon and presented same in maps. ArcGIS Pro mapping software, Landsat images, Global Positioning Systems (GPS) coordinates collected from the field combined with updated shape files from competent services were used to produce the location and land-use/land-cover maps. Sixteen topsoil samples (0 - 20 cm) were collected, 4 from each land use/cover category: farmland, forest, plantation and settlement, and analysed for soil pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), bulk density, moisture content and soil texture, in the laboratory using standard analytical procedures. This data was used to produce spatial distribution maps using ordinary kriging, in ArcGIS Pro. The main terrestrial land use/cover categories comprised of the forest (mangrove, lowland, montane and sub-montane), agroforestry, plantations, grassland, settlement, cropland, shrubby savannah, and bare lava. Bulk density showed the highest values in settlement areas and least values under forest land-use categories. Soil moisture content exhibited a reverse trend compared to that of soil bulk density. Forest soils were the sandiest while soils in plantation agricultural land were the most clayey. The soils were slightly acidic to neutral with soils from agricultural land being more acidic (pH(water) = 5.43). It is discernible from the results that the conversion from forest to other land use/cover classes enhances soil degradation and that soil physico-chemical properties adequately serve as indicators of soil quality in the Mt Cameroon area.

基于GIS的城市土地规划测绘数据整合系统设计

在GIS的基础上进行了城市土地规划测绘数据整合系统的设计,首先从应用模块、数据模块和基础模块3方面设计了硬件系统,主要包括了C/S(客户机/服务器)和B/S(浏览器/服务器)结构接口、COM组建集合及ArcEnglish C/S架构等;其次依次对数据分析程序、数据预处理程序、城市土地规划测绘数据库以及数据库的更新机制进行了软件设计;最后设定了3个系统的对比实验来验证本文系统的有效性和高效性,本文系统在数据整合效率方面比传统系统高出20%—30%,在基础功能方面比其他两个系统分别高出了10%和20%。

“一码管地”机制下全覆盖地籍调查体系建立与研究

本文针对当前调查工作缺乏协同、技术标准不一、成果难以共享等问题,研究构建全覆盖地籍调查体系,形成全覆盖地籍调查“一张图”,提出“分级更新,逐级覆盖”的更新模式,探索“一码管地”的全生命周期管理机制。结合研究成果,推动“一码”业务关联、“一码”信息共享、“一码”过程管理,及“一码”申请可办,很大程度提升了工作效率。

上海农用地一张图精准化管理系统研究与实现

根据国家乡村振兴战略和上海农业数字化转型工作的要求,本文分析了上海农用地一张图精准化管理的需求,设计了相应的管理更新流程,并基于天地图上海的相关数据资源研究和实现了包含农用地一张图信息的收集、上报、审核和更新等功能的精准化管理系统,实现了农用地一张图的实时化、精准化的管理。

ArcGIS与MapGIS在土地利用规划制图中的比较

研究目的:探讨ArcGIS与MapGIS软件在土地利用总体规划图编制中的制图功能特点,以期发挥各自优势,减少工作量,提高土地利用规划图编制效率。研究方法:基于土地利用总体规划专题图件的制图实践,从数据管理、数据编辑、智能标注、制图表达、图框制作、符号库支持等方面比较、分析、总结上述两个软件在土地利用规划制图中的优势与不足。研究结果:(1)ArcGIS在高级智能标注、制图表达等功能模块上具有显著优势,但在图框制作、符号库支持等方面需要改进;(2)MapGIS在图框制作、符号库支持方面能较好地符合土地利用规划制图规范,但应当增加高级智能标注、制图表达等功能以减少工作量。研究结论:合理运用ArcGIS和MapGIS软件的功能模块,并在实际工作中进行适当开发、结合使用,是提高土地利用规划图编制效率的有效途径。

MAPGIS在基本农田保护规划图件制作中的应用——以四川省盐亭县金孔镇为例

以四川省盐亭县金孔镇的基本农田保护规划图件制作过程为例,详细介绍了MAPGIS在基本农田布局图的制作过程中的作用。表明GIS技术的引入,大大提高了制图效率,解决了基本农田保护规划过程中的技术难题。

基于MapInfo的土地利用现状图符号库的设计与实现

MapInfo系统自带的符号库不能满足我国各种比例尺土地利用现状图的需要,通过分析MapInfo符号的建库原理和方法,同时结合土地利用现状图符号的特点,采用实验的方法解决符号制作的尺寸规律问题,设计、开发了满足国标要求的土地利用现状图符号库,并用实例对符号库的应用做了分析与探讨。

MapInfo专题地图数字化制作

专题地图由底图要素和专题要素组成,是简明、突出、完善地显示一种或几种特定要素,而使地图内容、用途成为专题化。在对桌面地理信息系统M ap in fo的功能分析的基础上,以延安市飞马河村土地利用现状图的数字化为例,探讨了用M ap in fo制作专题地图的过程和方法:规划专题地图,底图要素和专题要素的确定,建立底图要素和专题要素表,创建专题地图,数据处理及符号化数据处理及空间数据库建立,整饰、出图。